Palawan State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

CEAT RESEARCH MANUAL

Table of Contents

Cover Page i
Table of Contents

ii

Chapter 1
CEATs Research Thrusts and Priority Areas..1
Chapter 2
Sequence & Description of The Parts Of Research Paper3
Chapter 3
College Research Policies.11
Chapter 4
College Research Procedures13
Chapter 5
Format & Style...15
Chapter 6
Functions and Responsibilities.....19
Bibliography ...20
Samples of Format and Style ..21

2
Chapter 1

CEATs RESEARCH THRUSTS AND PRIORITY AREAS

1.1. Architecture and Architectural Technology

a) Better building and landscape designs
b) Innovative or new construction methods
c) New application of existing architectural theories, equipment, materials and methodologies
integrating green architecture
1.2. Civil Engineering
a) Innovative or new construction tools and equipment
b) Alternative construction materials
c) Innovative or new construction methods or procedures
d) New application of existing civil engineering theories, equipment, materials and
methodologies
e) Better structural models and designs
f) Better water supply systems and reservoirs
1.3. Electrical Engineering and Electrical Engineering Technology
a) Innovative or new electrical tools and equipment
b) Innovative or new electrical work methods or procedures
c) More efficient power generation, transmission and distribution
d) More efficient control systems
e) New application of existing electrical engineering theories, equipment, materials and
methodologies
f) Energy conservation programs
g) Alternative source of electrical energy
1.4. Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Technology
a) New and innovative mechanical tools and equipment
b) New methods or harnessing renewable sources of energy
c) Innovative or new mechanical work methods or procedures
d) New application of existing mechanical engineering theories, equipment, materials, and
methodologies
e) More efficient engine processes
1.5. Petroleum Engineering and Petroleum Engineering Technology
a) More efficient oil drilling and recovery systems
b) Survey of hydrocarbon potentials
c) Better pipeline designs and maintenance systems
d) New application of existing mechanical engineering theories, equipment, materials, and
methodologies
e) Finding renewable sources of energy

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1.6. Instruction and Curriculum development
a) Better instructional media and instruments
b) Better teaching methods and procedures
c) More effective curricular programs
d) Instructional modules
e) Interactive instructional CDs
f) Instructors teaching guides
g) Students study guides
1.7. Conservation of Environment and Natural Resources
a) More effective systems, instruments, methods, and processes for avoiding, abating, or
controlling environmental degradation or destruction.
b) Non-destructive and more efficient methods and equipment for exploiting natural resources.

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Chapter 2

SEQUENCE & DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS OF RESEARCH PAPER

2.1. Sequence
2.1.1. Conventional Research Proposal
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.

title page
PROPOSAL APPROVAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
General and Specific Problem
Significance of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter 3 CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK(Optional)
Chapter 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials, Tools, and equipment Used
Research design and Methodology
BIBLIOGRAGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
RESEARCH WORKPLAN

2.1.2. Conventional Research Final Manuscript

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

title page
ABSTRACT
SIGNATURE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES OR TABLES
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
General and Specific Problem
Significance of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter 3 - CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK(Optional)
Chapter 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials, Tools, and equipment Used
Research design and Methodology
Chapter 5 RESULTSAND FINDINGS
Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
APPENDICES

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2.1.3.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Project Study Proposal

title page
PROPOSAL APPROVAL SHEET
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
General Information
Project Type
Project Type
Beneficiaries
Proponents
Implementing Agency
Background of the Study
General and Specific Objectives
Rationale of the Study
Benefits of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Data-Gathering Methodology
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
6. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
7. PROJECT STUDY WORKPLAN

2.1.4. Project Study Final Report

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

title page
SIGNATURE PAGE
PROJECT SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES OR TABLES
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
General Information
Project Type
Project Type
Beneficiaries
Proponents
Implementing Agency
Background of the Study
General and Specific Objectives
Rationale of the Study
Benefits of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Data-Gathering Methodology
Chapter 2 TECHNICAL ASPECT
Chapter 3 FINANCIAL ASPECT
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ASPECT
Chapter 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
APPENDICES

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2.2. Description
2.2.1. Conventional Research Paper
Title
-

This is a distinctive name given to the study which describes the scope of the research work
in specific, clear and concise terms ([1])
The name should convey the subject matter of the study by the use of key terms ([4} p.20)
It should subsume or encompass the theme of the study as a whole ([5] p.10).
It should be short and simple yet fully explanatory ([4] p.20).

Examples:
1. Strength and stiffness of Nailed and Glued Plywood-Web Box Beams
2. Vaporizer Carburetor for Internal combustion Engines
3. Strength Groupings of Philippine Timber species for Structural Purposes
4. Utilization of Low Pressure Natural Gas Seepage
5. Floating Water Wheel Actuated Irrigation Pump
Abstract
-

This is a mini-version of the paper ([2] p.28).

Is a succinct account of the thesis containing statement of the problem, procedures or
methods used, results and conclusions
It is a one-page presentation written in a maximum of 200 words.

Introduction
Background of the Study
- This section contains the overview of the study discussing the factors that lead to the
conceptualization of the problem ([1]).
- It is an account describing the circumstances that suggested the research ([6] p.26).
- It may include a justification of the selection or choice of the study ([6] p.26).
- It supplies sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate
the results of the study ([2]p.32).
Statement of the Problem
- This section contains the general and specific statements of the main research problem
which the study hopes to solve or give an answer [1].
- The nature and scope of the problem must be stated precisely and clearly ([2] p.33).
- The research problem must be one that is borne out of a particular situation of need or
unresolved difficulties ([6]p.26, [5]p.23).
- The problem must be researchable, that is, it must be one that can be investigated through
the collection and analysis of data ([4]p.22).
- The problem must be original, unique, relevant, and must reflect a noteworthy contribution
to the proponents field of specialization and to the society in general ([5]p.23).
- The problem must be one in which the proponent can adequately investigate given his
current level of research skill; available resources, time, and other restrictions ([4]p.22).
- The problem can be stated in the declarative or interrogative form ([6]p.26).

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Objectives of the Study
- This section contains the general and specific objectives of the study.
- The research objectives must address the purpose of the study, which is to solve or give an
answer to the research problem 9[3]p.121).
- The objectives must flow naturally from the problem statement, giving a specific,
concrete, and achievable goals ([3]p.121).
Significance of the Study
- This section enumerates and discussions the contributions of the study to: the country; the
national governments goals, plans, and policies; the region; the immediate community; the
sponsoring institution or agency; theory and practice; new knowledge and; the proponent
himself/herself and his/her profession ([5]p.33,[6]p.27,[1]).
- It expounds on the studys probable impact to education, science, technology, on-going
researches, etc. ([5] p.33).
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
- This section enumerates and explains the limits or the coverage, nature, and time frame of
the study, and if necessary, the reasons behind delimiting the scope of the study
([5]p.33,[6]p.27,[1]).
- It presents in brief the subject areas of investigation, the nature and number of respondents
or subjects involved, the place, the time period or school year covered, limitations on
instruments or research design and methodology, etc. ([5]p.33,[6]p.27).
Assumptions of the Study
- This section contains propositions of some occurrences or considerations that may be
considered in delimiting the area of study ([4]p.23, [1]). The propositions are based on the
researchers own intuition, experience, and observations but which is not scientifically
proven ([5]p.26).
- This section is adopted as premise to the solution or answer to the problem envisioned in the
study ([5]p.26).
Review/Survey of Related Literature and/or Studies
-

This chapter contains a review and evaluation of the literature and/or studies related to the
present study being undertaken ([4]p.20, [5]pp.35-42,[1]).
This chapter starts with a brief introduction concerning the researchers exploration of
related literature and/or studies on the research problem, and a statement of the purpose of
the review and its topical organization ([4]p.20, [5]p.35).
This chapter examines and discusses the following: how the present study is related to other
studies in its field; what are the purposes, methodologies, principal findings, conclusions,
weaknesses and strengths of the other related studies ([1], [4]p.20,[6]p.27).
The review should be logically arranged by topic or theme ([4]p.20,[5]p.35).
If no related studies were included due to non-availability, it is so stated in the introductory
part and the chapters heading is modified to Review of Related Literature only ([5]p.35).
This chapter is concluded with a summary of the important aspects of the review
([3]p.122,[6]p.27).

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Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
-

This chapter discusses the different theories and models that provide the conceptual
underpinning or foundation of the study, or that provide the legitimate bases for defining its
parameters or limits ([1], [4]p.21).
Note however that this chapter is often not necessary for engineering related research papers
because the Review of Related Studies and Literature chapter can serve as the conceptual
framework.
The discussion is usually supported by a schematic paradigm or model (showing the theory,
indicators, and variables) that graphically portrays the theories and concepts involved
([5]p.14). This theoretical scheme is the basis for formulating the research hypothesis
([6]p.28). The variables and indicators used should be defined and placed under the
subsection Definition of Terms.
In its basic form, this chapter consists of a synthesis or a combination of various sets of
theories serving as the theoretical backbone of the study ([4]p.21).

Materials and Methods

-

This chapter describes (and justify if necessary) in full detail the materials and instruments
used in the study, the research design and strategy or the methods and procedures of
conducting the research, the statistical methods and treatments, place of study, experimental
environment, etc. ([2]pp.35-37,[1],[5]pp.43-49,[4]p.24).
Description of technical specifications of materials and instruments, quantities, and
procedures must be precise and accurate so that any competent researcher can repeat the
study ([2]pp.35-37).
This chapter is divided into sections with headings such as: Materials and Instruments Used;
Research design and Methods; Place of Research; Subjects of the Study; etc.
([5]p.43,[2]pp.35-37).

Results and Findings

-

This chapter presents all the results, outputs and findings (whether favorable or unfavorable,
positive or negative) of the research. The chapter contains only facts and no opinions
([3]pp.677-678,[6]p.30,[2]pp.40-42,[5]pp.50-58).
For innovations, this chapter contains clear and precise description and technical
specification of the improved object or procedure.
For descriptive or Exploratory Research, this chapter contains a summary of collected
information or data usually presented in simple charts, tables, and graphs with brief and
clear descriptions ([3]pp.677-678,[6]p.30,[2]pp.40-42,[5]pp.50-58).
The discussion of results and findings, and the analyses and interpretation of data should be
objective and logical ([6]p.30).

Conclusions and Recommendations

-

This chapter contains two sections namely: Conclusion and Recommendation

The Conclusions are drawn from the findings, are in line with the Statement of the Problem
and the Hypothesis/ses (if any), and are appropriately qualified with limitations noted. It
answers directly each of the questions or sub-problems or hypotheses that were posed at the
outset of the study ([3]p.678,[5]p.60,[4]p.45,[6]p.31).

9
-

The Recommendations are made in line with the findings, suggesting how such findings
could be applied in resolving the problem issue. It suggests specific but feasible actions. It
can also include suggestions for further research ([6]p.31,[3]p.679).

Acknowledgement
-

This section contains statements of gratitude to individuals or organizations for the

following ([2]pp.47-48):
a. For any significant technical help
b. For any outside financial assistance, such as grants, contracts, or fellowships
c. For supplying special equipment, materials, etc.
d. For providing important ideas or suggestions
Statements should be carefully worded so as not to embarrass or displease the person or
organization. An inappropriate thank you is worse than none at all. It is also unethical to
phrase an acknowledgement in a way that seemingly denotes endorsement ([2]pp.47-48).

Appendix
-

The appendices are the places for supplementary tables or charts, copies of forms and
questionnaires, supporting documents and pictures, copies of articles and clippings of
periodicals, supplementary computer print-outs, and other materials and supporting
evidences that cannot be included in the body because of their length and details
([2]p.679,[4]p.46).

2.2.2. Project study Report (Engineering Construction or Installation)

Title same as in conventional research
Project Summary
-

It briefly describes the project, the technical and financial aspects. It states the objective and
importance of the study, the socio-economic and environmental impacts and
recommendations

Introduction
General Information
- This section contains description of the project type, project site, projects beneficiaries,
proponents name, and projects implementing agency in brief but clear statements.
Background of the Study
- This section contains the overview of the study discussing the factors that lead to the
conceptualization of the problem ([1]).
- It is an account describing the circumstances that suggested the research ([6] p.26).
- It supplies sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate
the results of the study ([2]p.32).
Objectives of the Study
- This section contains the general and specific objectives of the study.
- The general objective must address the main purpose of the study.

10
-

The specific objectives must be the activities to be completed to accomplish the general
objective, all of which are specific, concrete, and workable goals.

Rationale of the Study

This section presents the primary reason/s why the project is conducted.
It may include a justification of the choice of the topic of the study.
Benefits/Importance of the Study
- This section enumerates and discusses the benefits and importance of the study to the region
or the immediate community, the beneficiaries, the sponsoring institution or agency, and the
proponent/s.
Assumptions of the study
- This section contains propositions of some occurrences or considerations that may be
considered in delimiting the area of the study ([4]p.23),[1]). The propositions are solely
based on the researchers own intuition, experience, and observations ([5]p.26).
Technical Aspects
This chapter contains the following:
1. Specifications and quantity of materials to be used (Bill of Materials)
2. Specifications and quantity of machinery, equipment, and tools to be used
3. Design (plans, layouts, and drawings) and specifications of the project structure
4. Program of construction/installation work, with work schedules on Gantt Chart and
PERT/CPM
- The choice of materials, machinery and equipment, and design to be used must have a brief
statement of justification.
Financial Aspects
-

This chapter includes the following:

1. Initial project cost, itemized and summarized.
2. Sources of funds.
3. Projected total annual cost (for the whole project lifetime period).
4. Projected total annual benefits (for the whole project lifetime period).
5. Benefit/cost ratio
6. Payback period

Organization and Management Aspects

-

This chapter comprises the following:

1. Type and number of construction/installation workers.
2. Organizational structure of the construction/installation team.
3. Functions, duties, and responsibilities of each personnel.
4. Salaries, wages, and benefits of each personnel.

Socio-Economic Impacts
-

This chapter contains the following:

1. Description and population size of the users/beneficiaries of the project and the people
affected by the project.

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2. Estimated annual benefits (itemized and summarized) in monetary equivalent, that the
project gives to the beneficiaries and the people affected by the project.
3. Estimated annual cost or burden (if any, itemized and summarized) in monetary
equivalent, that the project brings on the beneficiaries and the people affected by the
project.
4. Effects of the project on the social and economic lives of the beneficiaries and the
people or community affected by the project.
5. What could be done to lessen the burden or unfavorable impacts (if any) of the project
on the social and economic lives of the beneficiaries and people affected.
Environmental Impacts
-

This chapter contains the following:

1. Description of the natural environment that is affected by the project.
2. Effects of the project on the affected natural environment.
3. Estimated cost of harm or destruction (itemized and summarized) on the affected natural
environment.
4. Measure taken to avoid or lessen the unfavorable impact of the project on the natural
environment.

Conclusions and Recommendations

- This chapter contains two sections namely: Conclusion and Recommendation
- The Conclusion contains inferences drawn from the overall result of the study. The
inferences are appropriately qualified with limitations noted.
- The Recommendations suggest how the study could be implemented. The suggestions are
specific but feasible actions.

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Chapter 3
COLLEGE RESEARCH POLICIES
3.1. Regarding Student Research Work
3.1.1. Number of Proponents Per Topic
- The maximum number of research proponents per research topic shall be four.
3.1.2. Approval of Research Topic
- The Research 01 Instructor shall approve the research topic
3.1.3. Designation of Research Adviser
- The Research 01 Instructor shall objectively designate the research advisers to his
research students.
- The designated research adviser may accept or reject the designation through the
Research Advisory Designation Letter.
3.1.4. Composition of the Research Committee
- The minimum number of the research committee shall be three, who will be composed of
a chairperson (the Research adviser acts as the Chairperson) and two members, all of
whom must be knowledgeable of the research topic.
- The Research 01 Instructor shall sit as one of the members of the panel.
- No presentation and defense shall be held if this minimum number of examiners is not
met.
3.1.5. Allowed period for Research Defense
- Research presentation and defense shall be held only within the following period: Two
weeks after the start of the semester up to the day twoweeksbefore the start of the final
examination period.
- No research presentation and defense shall be held outside this period.
3.1.6. Deadline for Submission of Approved Bound Copies of Final Research Paper
- The approved bound copies of final research paper must be submitted to the research
coordinator not later than the final examination period.
3.1.7. Conduct of Presentation and Defense
- The research proponent/s must present all drawings, tables and figures using projector
or any
media that could display them clearly and conspicuously to the research committee. Failure to
do so shall be grounds for point deductions from their defense performance.
- The research proponent/s must dress up in school uniform during the proposal defense
and in formal attire during the final defense.
- A research presentation and defense must not exceed two (2) hours except in the
proposal defense where everything has to be clarified.
3.1.8. Number of Bound Copies to be Submitted
- Two bound copies signed by the Research Committee, Department Chairman and the
College Dean must be submitted to the Research Coordinator. In the absence of the
Research Coordinator, it may be submitted to the Deans Secretary. The Research
Coordinator keeps one copy and submits the other one to the Deans Office for filing.

13

3.1.9. Conflicting Class and Defense Schedule

- An examiner who has a class during the schedule of defense shall be excused from his/her
class, but must leave his/her students with an activity to work on.
3.2. Research Topic
- The research topic must be within the researchers expertise, capability, and know-how.
- The research topic must be in line with the Colleges and Universitys research thrusts
and priority areas.
3.3. Length of Abstract
- The Abstract must not exceed two hundred (200) words.
3.4. Research Work Ethics
- Research malpractices such as plagiarism (copying from other research works and
owning it) and fabrication of data are strictly prohibited and will be dealt with according
to the intellectual property laws.
3.5 College Research Council
- The College Research Council shall be composed of the College Dean, College Research
Coordinator, the Colleges Department Chairpersons, and one faculty representative from
each of thecolleges departments.
- The College Dean shall serve as the Chairperson of the Council.
- The College Research Council shall have the following functions:
1. Creates and implements policies, guidelines, and mechanism pertaining to the
management of the college research activities.
2. Formulates strategic plan for the Colleges research program.
3. Sets research priorities for the College.
4. Reviews and make appropriate amendments to improve existing policies and
guidelines in the management of the college research activities.

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Chapter 4
COLLEGE RESEARCH PROCEDURES

4.1 Designating Research Advisers for Student Researchers

1. The Research 01 instructor objectively designates the faculty research advisers to his/her
students according to course (e.g., a CE faculty to CE research student/s etc.)
2. The students prepare the Designation Letter (Form 1 on page 33) and have it signed by
the College Dean.
3. The student gives the Designation Letter to his/her designated advisers for the advisers
acceptance or rejection.
4. The designated adviser signifies his/her acceptance or rejection of the designation by
signing on the corresponding space provided in the Designation Letter.
5. The students return the signed Designation Letter to the Research 01 instructor. For a
rejected Designation Letter, the student should ask his/her Research 01 instructor for
another adviser.
4.2. Schedule of Defense
- The Research Coordinator prepares objectively the schedule of defense by course
coordination with Research 01/02 Instructors.
4.2 Requesting the Defense of a Research Paper
1. The student researcher/s submit/s a copy of the research paper (proposal or final
manuscript) to the research adviser for consultation and recommendation for defense.
2. The student researcher/s fill/s up the Research Defense Request Form (RDRF- Form2 on
page 29), have it signed by the adviser, and givethe same to the College Research
Coordinator for finalization and logging in the Defense Schedule Logbook.
3. The student researcher/s submit/s the signed RDRF to the Dean for approval.
4. Distribute/s photocopies of the approved RDRF to the following; Dean, Adviser,
Research 01 Instructor (for Proposal defense) or Research 02 Instructor (for Final
Defense), and Members of the Panel Examiners.
- An Examiner may opt not to come to the presentation if he/she does not receive a
copy of the approved RDRF.
5. Distribute photocopies of the Proposal or Final Manuscript (in folders- not bound) to the
adviser and the members of the panel of examiners at least two (2) days before the
schedule of defense.
- An examiner may opt not to come to the presentation if he/she does not receive a
copy of the Proposal of Final Manuscript, or if he/she receives the copy less than two
(2) days before the schedule date of defense.
4.3 Grading the Oral Defense (of student researchers):
1. The adviser secures Rating Sheets from the Research Unit Office and gives each
Examiner and
the Research Instructor a Rating Sheet before the start of the oraldefense.
2. The Research Committee rates the researcher/s through the Rating Sheets. After the
defense,
theResearch Committee gives their Rating Sheets to the Research Instructor.

15
4.4 Research Defense Procedure:
1. The Research Instructor shall check the approved Research Request Defense Form.No
defense shall proceed in its absence.
2. The Research Committee shall hold a pre-examination conference to determine how the
examination will be conducted. A planned order of asking question may be decided
upon.
3. The examination formally starts with the introduction of the student researchers by the
Research Adviser.
4. The student researchers shall orally present a summary of their research paper (not to
exceed 20 minutes).
5. The Research Committee shall then examine, evaluate, and rate the researchers and their
paper.
6. In the Final defense, the Research Adviser who is a member of the Panel may help
answer questions in behalf of his advisees.
7. The students/proponents note all the panelists suggestions and recommendations.
8. After the presentation and examination, the panelists will convene for a while to decide
on the final verdict.
9. In the proposal defense, the Research Committee clarifies the problem and research
methodology to be undertaken.The Research 01 Instructorsubmits a copy of the
Research Title, Statement of the Problem and the Methodology to the Research
Coordinator as reference for their final defense.
10. The panel chairperson shall announce the final decision.
11. The panelists should keep their copy of the research proposal presented for future
reference.

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Chapter 5
FORMAT & STYLE

3.1 Font style of all text/inscriptions: Times New Roman

3.2 Size of Font:
- Title in the title page ------- size 16
- All other inscriptions in the title page ------- size 14
- Heading in the Abstract, Approval sheet/Signature Page, Acknowledgements, Table of
contents,
List of Figures/Tables/Charts, Bibliography, Glossary of Technical Terms,
- Appendices ------- size 14
- All other inscriptions/writings in the Abstract, Approval Sheet/Signature Page,
Acknowledgement, Contents, List of Figures/Tables/Charts, Bibliography,
Glossary of Technical Terms, Appendices ------- size 12
- Chapter title and heading ------- size 14
- Subheading and all other text ------- size 12
3.3 Form and style of the parts & pages:
- Front cover of the bound paper/report ------- see example on page 20
- Title page of a students research paper ------- see example on page 21
- Title page of a faculty research paper ------- see example on page 22
- Research page of a faculty research paper ------- see example on page 23
- Research Approval Sheet (for final paper) ------- see example on page 24
- Table of Contents ------- see example on page 25
- List of Figures or Tables or Charts ------- see example on page 26
- Bibliography ------- see example on page 19
- Glossary of Technical Terms ------- see example on page 27
- (Example of the Chapter pages are on pages 28-29)
3.4 Line Spacing:
- Double-spaced for the following pages: Abstract, Table of Contents, List of Figures or
Tables or Charts, Chapter pages
- Single-spaced for the following pages: Bound Cover page, Title page, Approval
Sheet/Signature page, Acknowledgement, Appendices
3.5 Page Numbering:
- The page number must appear at the topmost right-hand corner of the page.
- All the pages before Chapter 1 Introduction must have a Roman numeral
system,
that is i, ii, iii, iv, (small letters)
- All the pages starting from the Introduction (Chapter 1) up to the last page of the
research paper must have an Arabic numeral system format, that is, 1, 2, 3, 4,
- The following pages must not have a visible page number: Title page, Approval/Signature
page, first page of the abstract, and the first page of the table of contents.
3.6 Margins:
- Page Margins: All pages from the title page up to the last page of the paper or
must have the following page margins:
Top, Bottom, and Right Margins ------- 1 inch
Left Margin ------- 1 inches

17
3.7 Size and Kind of Paper
Size of paper ------- 8 x 11 (short)
Kind of paper ------- White bond paper
3.8 Binding Style and Color of the Cover & Its Inscriptions
Binding style: Soft Bound (for student research manuscript)
Hard Bound (for faculty research manuscript)
Cover color: Maroon
Cover inscriptions color: Gold
Note:
- Proposals or manuscripts that are still to be presented and defended should not be bound
but should be placed in short folders secured by a sliding side clips or fasteners
- The College selects one binding store to ensure uniformity.
3.9 Inscriptions on the Side of the Bound Cover
3.9.1 For Faculty Research Paper

Legend:
name of author should be inscribed in this way: Einstein, A. E.
title of research should all be inscribed in capital letters.
- if the title is very long that it will not fit even on two lines, it must be cut
by 3 dots like this: BERNARDS MODEL-BASED EXPERT
engg. field is for the acronym of the engineering field of the author: CE for the Civil
Engg., EE for Electrical Engg., ME for Mechanical Engg., PetE for
Petroleum Engg., Arch for
Architecture
PSU year: the year is the year that the research work was completed and
approved
example: PSU 2009

(Note: 1. All text font should be Times New Roman.

2. If the thickness of the bunch of papers to be bound is less that of an inch,
inscribe only the engg. field.)

18
3.9.2 For Student Research Paper

Legend:
title of research should be inscribed in capital letters.
- if the title is very long that it will not fit on the space provided, it must be cut by
3 dots like this: BERNARDS MODEL-BASED EXPERT
engg. field is for the acronym of the engineering field of the author: CE for the Civil
Engg., EE for Electrical Engg., ME for Mechanical Engg., PetE for
Petroleum Engg.,
Arch for Architecture
year: is the year that the research work was completed and approved
Example: 2009

(Note: 1. All text font should be Times New Roman.

3. If the thickness of the bunch of papers to be bound is less that of an inch,
inscribe only the engg, field.)

3.10 Inscriptions on the Front Cover (See example on page 20)

(Note: The title should be in Times New Roman font size 16. All other inscriptions should
be in Times New Roman font size 14)
3.11 Citing Sources and References
3.11.1 Citing one source
Example:
1. end of the sentence ([8] p.471) when cited statement/ idea is located on a
single page of the referred source.
2. end of the sentence ([8] pp.471-524, 535, 593-598) when cited statement/
idea is located on a single page of the referred source.
Note:
- The number insane [ ] is the list order number in the Bibliography of the source
reference.
- The p. stands for page and the following p. is the page number.
- The pp. stands for more than one page and the numbers following the pp.
are the page numbers.

19
3.11.2 Citing more than one source
Example:
1. end of sentence ([8] p.471; [13] pp.94-102; [2] pp.5-11, 27)

3.12 Captions on Figures, Pictures, Tables, Charts, and Graphs

- Captions should be placed at the top of the figure and should start at the
Leftmost corner of the figure.
- Captions should begin with the word Figure if it is a figure, or Table if it
is a table, etc.
Example 1:
Figure 2.1.5. Sketch of the prototype

Note: The numbers 2, 1, 5 represents the chapter number, the section

number, and the series number, respectively. In the above caption,
number 2 indicates that the figure is within Chapter 2; number 1
indicates that the figure is within section 2.1 of chapter 2; and
number 5 indicates that the figure is the 5th figure in section 2.1
Example 2:
Chart 5.2.3. Growth of

20

Chapter 6
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6.1 Undergraduate Research Adviser
1. Guides and monitors the activities his/her advisees in the preparation of their research
documents, in the conduct of the research work, and in the write-up of the results ([9]
p.4).
2. Checks the research paper (proposal and final manuscript) for any errors and
mistakes in content, spelling and grammar.
3. Recommends to the College of Dean the oral presentation and defense of the
research through the research defense request form.
4. Stands as chairman of the panel of examiners/thesis committee during the oral
defense.
5. Rates his/her advisees and gives the grades to the instructor who handles the
subject where his/her advisees research paper is required.
6.2 Thesis Committee/Panel of Examiners
1. Evaluates the research paper and examines the research proponent/s during the
oral defense.
2. Offers suggestions to the proponent/s as to how to improve the paper.
3. Rates the proponent/s paper and performance during the oral defense through
the Defense Rating Sheet.
4. Approves the paper through the attached Approval Sheet for the Research
Proposal and the Signature Page for the final research.
6.3 College Research Coordinator
1. Coordinates the research activities of the colleges faculty and students.
2. Initiates the formulation of the research plans for the college.
3. Assists the college dean in implementing and evaluating the research plan.
4. Initiates the formulation of policies, guidelines, and mechanisms pertaining to
the management of the colleges research activities and assists the college dean
in implementing the same.
5. Assist the college dean in enhancing the research competencies of the faculty.
6. Acts as the Secretary of the College Research Council.
7. Submits reports on research activities at the end of every semester.

21
BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHED MEMORANDUM
[1]

CHEDs Research Proposal Application Guide

BOOKS
[2]

Day, Robert A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, 3 rd edition, Oryx Press,
Phoenix, NY, 1988.

[3]

Emory, William C. and Donald R. Cooper, Business Research Methods, 4 th edition, Irwin,
Boston, MA, 1991

[4]

Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E., How to Design and Evaluate Research In Education, 2nd
edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., SF, USA, 1993.

[5]

Fonollera, Maura B., Developing Competencies in Research Writing, 2 nd edition, Melfon

Publishing, Inc., Pasig, MM, 1995.

[6]

Manese, Vicente F. and Azucena J. Zulueta, Essentials of Technical English, Merriam &
Webster, Inc., Sampaloc, MM, 1987.

[7]

Sanchez, Luz B., Developing and Evaluating a Research Proposal, Masters Thesis and
Doctoral Dissertation, Phil. Assn. for Graduate Education, Inc., 1986.

[8]

Ulrich, Karl T. and Steven D. Eppinger, Product Design and Development, 2 nd edition,
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Boston, MA, 2000.

HANDBOOK
[9]

PSU Handbook in Feasibility Study / Thesis Writing for Undergraduate Students,

PalawanStateUniversity, PuertoPrincesaCity, 1991.

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
[10]

Manegdeg, Ferdinand G., Elements of Engineering Research & Development, Conference

on Achieving Engineering R & D in Alliances, Quezon City, 2002

OTHERS
[11]

Faculty & Academic Staff Performance Efficiency Rating Form, Palawan State University,
2003.

FRONT COVER TITLE OF BOUND PAPER OF STUDENT

AND FACULTY RESEARCH PAPER IN TIMES
NEW ROMAN FONT SIZE 16

by

FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
HENRY L. GANTT

An Undergraduate Technical Research Submitted to the

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Palawan State University
Puerto Princesa City

As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

November 2010

Inverted
Pyramid

22

TITLE IN TITLE PAGE OF A STUDENT

RESEARCH PAPER IN TIMES NEW
ROMAN FONT SIZE 16

by

FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
HENRY L. GANTT

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

Palawan State University
Puerto Princesa City

November 2010

Inverted
Pyramid

23

24

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Figures
viii
List of Tables

xi

Chapter 1 Introduction

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies
.
.

22

Chapter 5 Results and Findings

.
.
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations
.
.
Bibliography

77

Glossary of Technical Terms

95

Appendices

99

79

92

25

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Page
1.1.1. A portion of the Taxonomy of Project Selection Problems
4
3.5.1. Flowchart of the Program INTRFC00
3.5.2. The Installation Batch File
33
3.5.3. ..

27

26

LIST OF TABLES

Table
Page
2.1.
5

List of the Major MP Horizon Models

3.5.1
28

Summary of the Main Functions of Input and Output Programs

3.7.2
34

Average Times of the Intrinsic Operations in Each System

27

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

Energy Gradient is the line higher than the hydraulic gradient by an amount equal to the
velocity head of the pipe.
Hydraulic Gradient is a line which connects the water levels in a piezometer tubes placed
at
intervals along the pipe.
.
.
.
.

28

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background of the Study

One of the non-conventional energy sources which could be utilized for domestic
cooking
and lighting is natural gas seepage, commonly known as marsh gas. In.

Figure 1.1.1. General Structure of the System (write source if the figure is just a copy)

.
.
.

Figure 1.1.2. The Mathematical Model of.(write source if the model is just a copy)
Spc=
.
.
.

Ho
1 + eo

[Cr (log vmax log vo) + Cc(log vf log vmax) ]

29

Table 1.1.1. Comparison..

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The..
.
.
.
1.2.Objectives of the Study
General: To

Specific:
1. To..
2. To
.
.
.

30

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter reviews the .

2.1. Similar Mechanical Devices

Leonardo da Vinci developed ..
.
.
.
.
Figure 2.1.1. Prototype of.. (write source if the picture is just a copy)

31
Form 2.1

Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture & Technology

Research Defense Request Form

Date ________________
Engr. MELCHOR E. JARAMILLA
Dean
This College
Dear Sir:
I/We would like to request your approval on the following schedule, venue, and
panel of examiners for the defense of our Research Proposal/Final Manuscript entitled
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Schedule (Date & Time) _______________________________
Venue ____________________________
Research Committee: 1. _____________________________, Research Adviser
2. _____________________________, Research Reader
3. _____________________________, Research Reader
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,

_____________________
_____________________

Recommended by: _______________________

Research Adviser

Noted by:

ENGR. JENNIFER CACAL

CEAT Research Coordinator

Approved: __________________________
Dean

32

APPROVAL SHEET
(for proposal only)

This research proposal entitled TITLE OF RESEARCH, prepared and submitted

by NAME OF STUDENT RESEARCHER/S, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in
Research 01 subject is hereby approved with a grade of __________.

(Printed Name), (Degree)

(Research Adviser)

(Printed Name), (Degree)

(Research Reader)

(Printed Name),(Degree)
(Research Reader)

Date: _____________________

33

SIGNATURE PAGE
(for final copy)

(do not type signature page on the signature page!)

This
is
to
certify
that
this
Technical
Research
entitled,
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

and submitted by (Name of Candidate) to fulfill part of the requirements for the degree of
(Bachelor of Science) in (Discipline) was successfully defended and approved on (Date).

(Printed Name), (Degree)

(Research Adviser)

(Printed Name), (Degree)

(Printed Name),
(Degree)

(Research Reader)

(Research Reader)

The (Department) endorses acceptance of this undergraduate technical research as

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of (Bachelor of Science) in
(Discipline).

(Printed Name), (Degree)

(Chairman)
(Department)

This undergraduate technical research is hereby officially accepted as partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree of (Bachelor of Science) in (Discipline).

(Printed Name), (Degree)

(Dean)
College of Engineering, Architecture & Technology

34

ABSTRACT
JoemarGaudiano, Bembol S. Magbanua, Bamboo Charcoal Plywood as AirConditioned Room Air Neutralizer Undegraduate Technical Research. Bachelor of Science
in Civil Engineering.

Adviser: Engr. Cesar Arbon

____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________ (limited to 200 words only)