Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Machala
Academic Unit of Business Sciences
Accounting and Auditing
Technical English
ENGLISH PROJECT
Authors:
Julissa Alexandra Barros
Elizalde
Estefania Raquel Prez Velez
Erwin Marlon Quintero
Qionez
Morelia Carolina Ramirez
Len
Jessica Andrea Sanmartin
Cedillo
Teacher:
Lcda. Sandy Soto Armijos
Class:
Evening fifth level B
Machala El Oro Ecuador
2015-2016
INTRODUCTION
ACCOUNTING ADVISING UNDER IFRS (A.A.U.IFRS) It is an accounting office,
whose members have extensive individual experience as accountants or consultants
nationally recognized companies. We are dedicated to providing personalized audit,
accounting, and consulting services, providing timely work quality and efficiency to meet
the needs of our customers and contribute to the generation of added value that our
customers need.
Our main services include:
Development computerized accounting.
Preparation and submission of monthly reports of sales and purchases.
Preparation and submission of monthly reports on payrolls of their workers.
Preparation and submission of monthly reports of income, deductions and
withdrawals from their purchases and sales.
Preparation and submission of monthly or semi-annual statements.
Preparation of financial statements of your company
Our audit and accounting firm integrates five members and is located in the city of
Machala in Junin and Rocafuerte first east.
ACCOUNTING ADVISING
UNDER IFRS (A.A.U.IFRS.)
Accounting
Advising Under
IFRS/NIFF
Trial balance
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Calculations
PAPER TRAIL
OFFICE
SUPPLIES S.A
DEDICATED:
BUYING AND SELLING OFFICE SUPPLIES.
TAXPAYER ID:
0796558756001
ADDRESS:
TRANSACTION
S
1. The Trading Company PAPER TRAIL OFFICE SUPPLIES S.A with tax payer. N
0796558756001 started operations in October, 1st , 2015 with the next Balance Sheet
#1:
19.980,00
5.000,00
2.000,00
- 20,00
13.000,00
52.800,00
10.000,00
20.000,00
2.800,00
1.000,00
30.000,00
- 11.000,00
72.780,00
14.100,00
8.500,00
1.000,00
600,00
500,00
3.500,00
10.000,00
10.000,00
24.100,00
38.680,00
Legal Reserve
Retained earnings
TOTAL OWNER EQUITY
2000,00
8000,00
48.680,00
_______________________
72.780,00
_______________________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NAMES
CHARTER
0706235689
0102035678
0104765324
0702328326
0104356789
0701349977
0702348976
CHARGE
Accountant
Administrator
Secretary
Head of sales
Selling 1
Selling 2
Assistant service
WORK
S
DAYS
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Note: We must consider the extraordinary hours, overtime, the advances and fees.
SALARY
1.300,00
1.500,00
354,00
720,00
354,00
354,00
354,00
DESCRIPTION
Computing Equipment
Land
Office Fornitures
Vehicles
NUMBE
R
2
1
1
1
PRICE
EITHER
ONE
1.400,00
20.000,00
1.000,00
30.000,00
RESIDUAL
VALUE
200,00
2.400,00
100,00
5.000,00
YEARS
USEFUL
LIFE
4
22
10
5
10. December, 21 The members agree distributed the 70% of the retained earnings.
11. December, 27 Canceled in cash the Basic Services for the month of October and
November $ 300,00. ( CASH)
Its asked:
Prepare the accounting proccess and all balances of the company.
ACCOUNTING
DOCUMENTS
BALANCE
SHEET INITIAL
23.980,00
12.000,00
8.000,00
2.000,00
- 20,00
2.000,00
48.800,00
10.000,00
20.000,00
2.800,00
1.000,00
22.000,00
- 7.000,00
______72.780,00____
14.100,00
8.500,00
1.000,00
600,00
500,00
3.500,00
10.000,00
OWNERS EQUITY
Capital
Legal Reserve
Retained earnings
TOTAL OWNER EQUITY
38.680,00
2000,00
8000,00
10.000,00
24.100,00
48.680,00
72.780,00
_______________________
____________________
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
ACCOUNTING
JOURNAL
DETAIL
October, 1
-1Bank
Cash
Accounts receivable
Provision for uncollectible accounts
Merchandise Inventory
Lands
Buildings
Computing Equipment
Office Formiture
Vehicle
October, 5
October,
18
Accumulated Depreciation
Accounts Payable (Providers)
Payrolls Payable
IESS Payable
Commissions Payable
Income tax Payable
Bank Loan
Capital
Legal Reserve
Retained earnings
To register its initial situation
-2PURCHASE
Purchase rate 12%
VAT PAID
OBLIGATIONS WITH THE TAX
ADMINISTRATION
Income tax withholding
BANK
Bank of Machala
To register Purchased to Mega Office Supply.
-3-
PARTIAL
5.000,00
2.000,00
- 20,00
13.000,0
0
10.000,00
20.000,00
2.800,00
1.000,00
30.000,00
11.000,0
0
FOLIO N 1
DEBIT
HAVINGS
12.000,00
8.000,00
2.000,00
( 20,00)
2.000,0
0
10.000,00
20.000,00
2.800,00
1.000,00
22.000,00
( 7.000,
00)
8.500,00
1.000,00
600,00
500,00
3.500,00
10.000,00
38.680,00
2000,00
8000,00
4.248,00
4.248,00
509,76
42,48
42,48
4.715,28
4.715,28
CASH
BILL OF EXCHANGE
OBLIGATIONS WITH THE TAX
ADMINISTRATION
Income tax withholding
9,82
SALE
Sale rate 12%
982,14
VAT PAID
Vat paid rate 12%
117,86
To register Salled to Juan Prez
PAPER TRAIL OFFICE SUPPLIES S.A
PASS
TAXPAYER ID #: 0796558756001
OCTOBER 01 TO DECEMBER 31, 2015
DATE
DETAIL
PARTIAL
COME
October, 28
654,11
436,07
9,82
982,14
117,86
78.637,76
78.637,76
FOLIO N 2
DEBIT
78.637,76
HAVINGS
78.637,76
-4-
CASH
OBLIGATIONS WITH THE TAX
ADMINISTRATION
Income tax withholding
SALE
Sale rate 12%
VAT PAID
Vat paid rate 12%
To register selled to Company RAMIREZ S.A
October, 31
-5PRODUCTION PAYROLL
INCOME
Salaries Payable
Extra Hours
Overtimes
Commissions
REVENUES
Employees Contribution to IESS 9,45%
Advance
Income tax
SOCIAL BENEFITS PAYABLE
XIII Salary
XIV Salary
Holidays
Reserve fund
Employer contribution
BANK
Bank of Machala
To register Payroll and table of provisions.
November,
-6-
46,62
0,42
0,42
42,00
42,00
5,04
5,04
4.452,84
5.067,47
4936,00
59,17
33,39
38,91
(614,63)
478,88
50,00
85,75
8.514,16
3.968,02
465,63
689,83
1.379,13
2.011,55
12.967,00
12.967,00
10
BANK LOAN
INTEREST
CASH
To register payment the first share of Bank
Loan.
November,
22
833,33
116.67
950,00
-7ADVERTISING
CASH
To register payment of Advertising of the
company.
PASS
800,00
800,00
93.401,80
DETAIL
PARTIAL
COME
December,
10
December,
21
December,
27
FOLIO N 3
DEBIT
93.401,80
HAVINGS
93.401,80
-8BANK LOAN
INTEREST
CASH
To register payment the second share of Bank
Loan.
December,
19
93.401,80
-9DEPRECIATION OF PPyE
Computing Equipment
Land
Oficce fornitures
Vehicles
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION OF
PPyE.
To register anual Depreciation of PPy E.
-10RETAINED EARNINGS
Shareholders
CASH
To register distributed of the retained
earnings.
-11BASIC SERVICES
CASH
To register payment the Basic Services for the
month of October and November
833,33
106,94
940,27
6.200,00
300,00
800,00
100,00
5.000,00
6.200,00
5.600,00
5.600,00
5.600,00
300,00
300,00
106.442,0
7
TOTAL
_______________________
___________________
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
GENERAL
LEDGER
106.442,0
7
DETAIL
REFERE
NCE
DEBIT
$
12.000,00
CREDIT
$ 12.967,00
$
12.000,00
TOTAL
BALANCE
$
12.000,00
$
7.284,72
$
(5.682,28)
4.715,28
$
(5.682,28)
17.682,28
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
DEBIT
$
2.000,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
2.000,00
TOTAL
2.000,00
$
-
2.000,00
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
TOTAL
DEBIT
$
BALANCE
CREDIT
20,00
20,00
$
-
20,00
20,00
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
DEBIT
$
2.000,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
2.000,00
TOTAL
2.000,00
$
-
2.000,00
ACCOUNT: Lands
DATE
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
TOTAL
DEBIT
$
10.000,00
10.000,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
-
10.000,00
10.000,00
ACCOUNT: Buildings
DATE
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
DEBIT
$
20.000,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
20.000,00
TOTAL
$
-
20.000,00
20.000,00
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
TOTAL
DEBIT
$
2.800,00
2.800,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
$
-
2.800,00
2.800,00
DATE
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
TOTAL
DEBIT
$
1.000,00
1.000,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
$
-
1.000,00
1.000,00
ACCOUNT: Vehicle
DATE
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
October,
1
TOTAL
DEBIT
$
BALANCE
CREDIT
22.000,00
22.000,00
$
-
22.000,00
22.000,00
DETAIL
REFEREN
CE
DEBIT
October, 1
$
7.000,00
December,
19
7.000,00
$
6.200,00
800,00
$
6.200,00
800,00
$
7.000,00
TOTAL
BALANCE
CREDIT
DETAIL
To register its initial
situation
TOTAL
REFERENC
E
DEBIT
$
-
BALANCE
CREDIT
8.500,00
8.500,00
8.500,00
8.500,00
DETAIL
To register its initial
situation
REFERENC
E
DEBIT
$
-
TOTAL
BALANCE
CREDIT
1.000,00
1.000,00
1.000,00
1.000,00
DETAIL
To register its initial
situation
REFERENC
E
1
DEBIT
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
600,00
600,00
$
-
TOTAL
$
600,00
$
600,00
REFERENC
E
DETAIL
To register its initial
situation
DEBIT
$
-
TOTAL
BALANCE
CREDIT
500,00
$
500,00
500,00
$
500,00
DETAIL
To register its initial
situation
REFERENC
E
1
DEBIT
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
3.500,00
3.500,00
$
-
TOTAL
3.500,00
3.500,00
ACCOUNT:Bank Loan
DATE
October,
1
November,
10
December,
10
REFERE
NCE
DETAIL
DEBIT
$
10.000,00
$
10.000,00
$
9.166,67
$
8.333,34
$
833,33
$
833,33
$
1.666,66
TOTAL
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
10.000,00
$
8.333,34
ACCOUNT: Capital
DATE
October,
DETAIL
To register its initial
REFERENC
E
1
DEBIT
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
38.680,00
38.680,00
situation
$
-
TOTAL
38.680,00
38.680,00
REFERENC
E
DETAIL
To register its initial
situation
DEBIT
$
-
TOTAL
2.000,00
2.000,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
2.000,00
2.000,00
DATE
REFEREN
CE
DETAIL
October, 1
December,
21
DEBIT
CREDIT
$
8.000,00
1
10
TOTAL
BALANCE
$
8.000,00
$
5.600,00
$
2.400,00
$ $
5.600,00 8.000,00
$
2.400,00
ACCOUNT: PURCHASE
DATE
October,
5
REFEREN
CE
DETAIL
To register Purchased to Mega Office
Supply.
TOTAL
DEBIT
CREDIT
$
4.248,00
$
4.248,00
BALANCE
$
4.248,00
$
-
$
4.248,00
REFEREN
CE
DETAIL
DEBIT
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
117,86
$
5,04
$
-
TOTAL
$
117,86
$
122,90
$
122,90
$
122,90
ACCOUNT:
DATE
October,
5
October,
18
October,
28
REFEREN
CE
DEBIT
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
42,48
$
9,82
$
0,42
$
42,48
$
32,66
$
32,24
TOTAL
$ $
42,48
10,24
$
32,24
ACCOUNT:
DATE
October, 1
CASH
REFERE
NCE
DETAIL
To register its initial situation
October,
18
October, 28
November,
10
November,
22
December,1
0
TOTAL
DEBIT
CREDIT
$
8.000,00
$
8.654,11
$
8.700,73
$
8.000,00
$
654,11
$
46,62
$
$
950,00
$
800,00
$
940,27
$
5.600,00
$
300,00
6
7
8
10
11
$
8.700,73
BALANCE
$
8.590,27
7.750,73
$
6.950,73
$
6.010,46
$
410,46
$
110,46
$
110,46
DETAIL
REFERE
NCE
DEBIT
BALANCE
$
436,07
3
$
436,07
TOTAL
CREDIT
$
436,07
$
-
$
436,07
ACCOUNT: SALE
DATE
October,
18
October,
28
REFEREN
CE
DETAIL
To register Salled to Juan Prez
DEBIT
$
982,14
$
42,00
$
-
TOTAL
ACCOUNT:
PRODUCTION PAYROLL
CREDIT
$
1.024,14
BALANCE
$
982,14
$
1.024,14
$
1.024,14
DATE
October,
31
REFEREN
CE
DETAIL
To register Payroll and table of
provisions.
DEBIT
$
4.452,84
$
4.452,84
TOTAL
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
$
4.452,84
$
-
$
4.452,84
DETAIL
To register Payroll and table of provisions.
TOTAL
REFERENCE
DEBIT
8.514,16
8.514,16
ACCOUNT: INTEREST
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
8.514,16
8.514,16
DATE
November,
10
December,1
0
DETAIL
To register payment the first share of Bank
Loan.
To register payment the second share of Bank
Loan.
REFEREN
CE
DEBIT
116,67
106,94
$
223,61
TOTAL
CREDIT
BALANCE
$
116,67
$
223,61
$
-
$
223,61
ACCOUNT: ADVERTISING
DATE
November,
22
DETAIL
To register payment of Advertising of the
company.
TOTAL
REFEREN
CE
7
DEBIT
$
$
800,00
CREDIT
BALANCE
$
800,00
800,00
$
-
$
800,00
DETAIL
REFEREN
CE
DEBIT
BALANCE
CREDIT
$
509,76
$
509,76
TOTAL
$
509,76
$
-
$
509,76
DETAIL
REFERENC
E
TOTAL
DEBIT
$
$
6.200,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
6.200,00
$
-
$
6.200,00
6.200,00
DETAIL
To register payment the Basic
Services for the month of October
and November
TOTAL
REFEREN
CE
11
DEBIT
$
$
300,00
BALANCE
CREDIT
300,00
$
-
$
300,00
300,00
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
SALES REPORT
SALES REPORT
60,000.00
50,000.00
40,000.00
30,000.00
20,000.00
10,000.00
0.00
"OFFICE PAPER TRAIL" S.A made business sales report of 2015, with the following
details
January sales decreased due to previous editions. In February and March in the
region Costa is the beginning of the school year in schools and colleges; Therefore,
sales of school supplies increased.
Classes begin in April, therefore, sales of school supplies continued to increase and
therefore in sales in May and June to find sales stabilized.
In July and August sales, profits fell sharply due to goods detained by customs. In
September and October sales decreased due to the regeneration of the local streets
where they are located.
In November and December sales increased due to the season reasonably start
classes in the Sierra region.
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
TRIAL
BALANCE
DETAIL
Bank
Cash
DEBIT
12.000,00
8.700,73
Accounts receivable
Merchandise Inventory
Lands
Buildings
Computing Equipment
9
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
18.000,00
20.000,00
Accumulated Depreciation
IESS Payable
Commissions Payable
Capital
Legal Reserve
Retained earnings
Purchase
7.000,00
Payable
Payrolls Payable
Bank Loan
1.800,00
1.000,00
Vehicle
2.000,00
10.000,00
Office Formiture
Accounts
(Providers)
2.000,00
1.666,66
5.600,00
2.658,00
SUMS
HAVINGS
$
17.682,00
$
8.590,27
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
6.200,00
$
8.500,00
$
1.000,00
$
600,00
$
500,00
$
3.500,00
$
10.000,00
$
38.680,00
$
2.000,00
$
8.000,00
$
-
$
5.682,00
$
110,46
$
2.000,00
$
(20,00)
$
2.000,00
$
10.000,00
$
18.000,00
$
1.800,00
$
1.000,00
$
20.000,00
$
800,00
$
8.500,00
$
1.000,00
$
600,00
$
500,00
$
3.500,00
$
8.333,34
$
38.680,00
$
2.000,00
$
2.400,00
$
2.658,00
VAT charged
VAT paid
BALANCES
DEBIT
CREDIT
122,90
$
509,76
122,90
$
$
509,76
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
0
3
2
$
436,07
-
Production Payroll
Social Benefits payable
32,52
$
Sale
42,76
$
436,07
$
1.024,14
1.024,14
$
3.642,84
$
3.642,84
$
8.214,16
$
8.514,16
Interest
123,61
Advertising
Basic Services
TOTAL
$
123,61
$
800,00
$
800,00
$
$
$
300,00
300,00
$
$
$
$
106.442,07 106.442,07 72.674,90 72.374,90
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
INCOME
STATEMENTS
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
BALANCE
SHEET
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
CASH FLOW
STATEMENT
100.000,00
(50.000,00)
PAYMENTS ON DEBTS
(10.000,00)
PAYMENT ON TAXES
(7.000,00)
NET
CASH
ACTIVITIES
FLOW
FROM
OPERATING
33.000,00
(7.000,00)
4.000,00
(3.000,00)
4.000,00
(8.000,00)
(4.000,00)
3.000,00
300000,00
MANAGER
ACCOUNTANT
CALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONS
OCTOBER, 5
600 * 0,03 =
18,00
50 * 18,00 = 900,00
6 * 30,00 = 180,00
75 * 4,00 = 300,00
15 *130,00= 1950,00
10 * 90,00 = 900,00
4248,00
+ 509,76
4757,76
-
42,48
- 4715,28
OCTOBER, 18
10 * 35,00 = 350,00
5 * 150,00 = 750,00
982,14
+ 117,86
1100,00
-
1090,18
OCTOBER, 28
8 * 3,00 = 24,00
12 * 1,50 = 18,00
42,00
+
5,04
47,04
0,42
46,62
OCTOBER, 31
CHARGE
HOURS
ACCOUNTANT
2 EXTRAORDINARY
3 OVERTIME
ADMINISTRATOR
3 EXTRAORDINARY
HEAD OF SALES
2 OVERTIME
Accountant
1300,00 / 240 = 5,42 * 2 = 10,83
x 2
21,67 EXTRAORDINARY
1300,00 / 240 = 5,42 * 1,5 = 8,13
x
24,39 OVERTIME
Administrator
1500,00 / 240 = 6,25 * 2 = 12,50
x
37,50 EXTRAORDINARY
Head of Sales
720,00 / 240 = 3 * 1,5 = 4,50
x 2
9,00 OVERTIME
Commissions
Head of Sales 0,80 %= 8,19
1024,14
Selling 1% = 10,24
Income tax
DECEMBER, 10 Canceled the second share of Bank Loan and the interest.
ANUAL DEPRESCATION
EXPENSE
Description:
Computing Equipment
Unit Price:
1400,00
Residual Value:
200,00
Value to depreciate:
1200,00
YEARS
ANNUAL
ACCUMULATED
VALUE IN BOOKS
Years Useful Life:
4
DEPRECIATION DEPECIATION
0
1400,00
1
300,00
300,00
1100,00
2
300,00
600,00
800,00
3
300,00
900,00
500,00
4
300,00
1200,00
200,00
Description:
Unit Price:
Residual Value:
YEARS
ANNUAL
Value to depreciate:
YearsDEPRECIATION
Useful Life:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
Land
20000,00
2400,00
ACCUMULATED
VALUE IN BOOKS
17600,00
DEPECIATION
22
800,00
1.600,00
2.400,00
3.200,00
4.000,00
4.800,00
5.600,00
6.400,00
7.200,00
8.000,00
8.800,00
9.600,00
20000,00
19.200,00
18.400,00
17.600,00
16.800,00
16.000,00
15.200,00
14.400,00
13.600,00
12.800,00
12.000,00
11.200,00
10.400,00
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
800,00
Description:
Unit Price:
Residual Value:
Value to depreciate:
Years Useful Life:
YEARS
ANNUAL
DEPRECIATION
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
100,00
100,00
100,00
100,00
100,00
100,00
100,00
100,00
100,00
Description:
Unit Price:
Residual Value:
Value to depreciate:
Years Useful Life:
10.400,00
11.200,00
12.000,00
12.800,00
13.600,00
14.400,00
15.200,00
16.000,00
16.800,00
17.600,00
9.600,00
8.800,00
8.000,00
7.200,00
6.400,00
5.600,00
4.800,00
4.000,00
3.200,00
2.400,00
Ofice Fornitures
1000,00
100,00
900,00
9
ACCUMULATED VALUE IN BOOKS
DEPECIATION
100,00
200,00
300,00
400,00
500,00
600,00
700,00
800,00
900,00
1000,00
900,00
800,00
700,00
600,00
500,00
400,00
300,00
200,00
100,00
Vehicles
30000,00
5000,00
25000,00
5
YEARS
ANNUAL
ACCUMULATED
DEPECIATION
0
1
2
3
4
5
DEPRECIATION
5000,00
5000,00
5000,00
5000,00
5000,00
5000,00
VALUE IN BOOKS
5000,00
10000,00
15000,00
20000,00
25000,00
30000,00
25000,00
20000,00
15000,00
10000,00
5000,00
DECEMBER, 21 The members agree distributed the 70% of the retained earnings
RETAINED EARNINGS
$8.000,00 X 70%= $ 5.600,00
.
DECEMBER, 27 Canceled in cash the Basic Services for the month of October
and November $ 300,00. ( CASH)
BASIC SERVICES
$ 300,00
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
ASSETS: An asset is an asset that the company owns and can converters in cash or cash
equivalents.
Cash: It is the liquid element owned by the company, that is, it is money. The
company uses this cash to meet its immediate obligations
Accounts Receivable: It is where increases and cuts linked to the sale of different
concepts to products or services are recorded. This account consists of bills of
exchange, credit and promissory notes in favor of the company.
Inventory: They are tangible assets that are held for sale in the ordinary course of
business or to be consumed in the production of goods or services for further
marketing.
Retained Earnings: The balance of this account at the time of the initial
adjustment must be compared with the balance of the account Accumulated at the
same date; the debtor is a restriction on the payment of dividends in cash and
shares.
Revenue: The company receives money or born receivables in its favor, it will effective on
the dates stipulated. Income occurs when business assets increases and this increase is not
due to new members' shares.
Sales returns and allowances: The account records the value of the returned
goods or bonuses given or made by customers; increases by debit, the record is of
the form.
Expenses: In an industrial, commercial or service provision business to function normally
finds it unavoidable to acquire certain goods and services such as: labor, electricity,
telephone, etc.
Cost of Goods Sold: The cost of sales is the cost incurred to sell an asset, or to
provide a service. It is the value that has been incurred to produce or purchase a
commodity to be sold.
Depreciation Expense: Depreciation expenses are periodic savings going by a
company to the end of the life of an asset, the company has a save to renew the
asset (buy one later).
Payroll Tax Expense: These taxes are business expenses and are recorded as debits
to expense account, up to this point the description of payroll taxes has been linked
to taxes that are required to pay employees and withholding on their wages.
Rent Expense: This account represents the obligation of the company to pay bills,
leases, and other equipment at the time they become due.