Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Version 2011.1.1
Release Notes
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
Contents
DVD for PIPESIM 2011.1.1........................................................................................ 4
PIPESIM 2011.1.1 a patch release of PIPESIM 2011.1 .............................................. 5
New Features in PIPESIM 2011.1 .............................................................................. 7
Artificial Lift Enhancements and Additions ....................................................................... 7
New Mechanistic Flow Correlations & Related Enhancements............................................. 9
Flow Assurance Related Enhancements ......................................................................... 10
Fluid Modeling Enhancements ...................................................................................... 10
Reporting Enhancements............................................................................................. 11
Optimization Enhancements......................................................................................... 12
Solver Enhancements................................................................................................. 13
Other Enhancements .................................................................................................. 13
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For further details, refer to the Installation and Licensing Guide supplied with the software. The PDF file is
located on the DVD in the directory:
PIPESIM\program files\Schlumberger\PIPESIM\Programs\
After you install PIPESIM, you can access the file from the Start menu.
Start > Program Files > Schlumberger > PIPESIM 2011.1 > Documentation > License and Install Guide
For further details of the Linux installation, refer to the PIPESIM on Linux Installation Guide supplied with the
software. This can be found in the LINUX directory of the DVD (file install_linux.pdf).
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
It was observed in certain circumstances that calculation results of several valve parameters (test rack
opening pressure, surface opening pressure, surface closing pressure, etc) were missing for the
bottommost valve selected by the design. This could severely impact simulation operations involving
gas lifted wells and especially the gas lift diagnostic operation. This has been resolved. (SWIFT Issue:
2601918).
Gas Lift Diagnostics (Multilayer Wells):
Gas lift diagnostics for multilayer wells didnt take into account the status of one of the layers if that
layer was set to inactive status. As a consequence, the diagnostic operation yielded an unrealistic
result. The fix has ensured a correct and consistent result. (SWIFT Issue: 2580054).
Gas Lift Simulation (Solution inconsistency):
Gas lift wells with n number of valves are likely to produce up to n+1 possible solutions. This
depends on which of these n valves are operating and allows for a solution to exist with no gas
injection at all. In certain situations, this may cause inconsistency in the well performance calculation,
in particular if a solution exists that does not inject gas. It is evident that the purpose of any gas lift
valve is not just to unload a well during startup, but to also enhance performance of a natural flowing
well. The improvement ensures that if lift gas is specified, it is always injected to one of the valves
depending on tubular and annular pressure distribution. (SWIFT Issue: 2592933).
Hydrate sub-cooling calculation results:
A reporting bug prevented the results of hydrate sub-cooling calculations from being displayed (note, this
did not affect the generation of the hydrate curve on the phase envelope). This has been fixed. (SWIFT Issue:
2600770).
Mass Balance error across network separator:
In certain uncommon situations when the network solver chooses to switch off one of the branches
between 2 network separators, a mass imbalance occurs across the separator train. This issue has been
resolved now and a proper mass balance is maintained as expected. (SWIFT Issue: 2594562).
Compositional Rigorous Flash causing Math error in certain situation:
Under specific circumstances, certain fluid compositions may fail to solve when run using the rigorous flash
option. This was caused by a numerical precision issue. A fix has been implemented to correct the math
error and provide the correct result. (SWIFT Issue: 2610623).
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A specific model failed to solve due to limitations in the way compositional information is shared between
PIPESIM and Avocet IAM. This issue has been rectified now. (SWIFT Issue: 2589408).
Note: The SWIFT issue number refers to Defect Tracking System used inside Schlumberger
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Improved reporting:
a. Additional Reporting of Heat Transfer Mechanisms
b. Reporting of pressure drop across gravel pack
c.
Integration with OLIs ScaleChem for Scale prediction and improved corrosion modeling
PCP simulation (with performance curve catalogs for PCM and Weatherford)
Updated Rod Pump design and diagnostics (international version that includes Lufkin pumps)
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The Rod pump database has been extended to include over 1600 new pumping units and several
models of prime movers from a number of international vendors. Additional cranks and weights are
also included.
Pumping unit additions include:
International Models: Lufkin Conventional, Lufkin Mark II, American Conventional, Ampscot and
Baker Torqmaster.
Chinese Models: Er Ji, Da An, Bao Ji, Lan Tong, Si Ji, Tong Hua, Lan Shi, Fu Shun, San Ji & Xin Jiang
Prime Mover additions include:
International Models: Sargent, General Electric, Reliance, Robbins & Meyers, Westinghouse and
Baldor.
Chinese Models: Er Ji, Da An, Bao Ji, Lan Tong, Si Ji, Tong Hua, Lan Shi, Fu Shun, San Ji, Xu Zhou and
Xin Jiang
Note: Rod pump modules cannot be used on virtual machines (VM-Ware, Remote Desktops) or on
Citrix machines.
Warning:
The Rod Pump database is not backwards compatible to PIPESIM 2010. If you upgrade,
you might have issues if you need to reinstall PIPESIM 2010 and run the Rod pump
design and diagnostics. Before upgrading, backup your database in case you want to
revert to using an older version of PIPESIM.
Progressive Cavity Pumps are an increasingly common form of artificial lift for low- to moderate-rate
wells, especially for onshore fields producing heavy oils and/or sand-laden fluids. PIPESIM 2011.1
provides the ability to simulate progressive cavity pumps with key parameters available for sensitivity
analysis.
PCP performance curves from Weatherford and PCM have been added to PIPESIM database for
selection. Users may also define new performance curves, which is recommended for pumps that have
undergone field bench tests.
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The TUFFP Unified Mechanistic Models (version 2011.1, July 2011) are the collective result of many
research projects performed by the Tulsa University Fluid Flow Projects (TUFFP) research consortium.
These models determine flow pattern transitions, pressure gradient, liquid holdup and slug
characteristics. A 2-phase version is available for gas-liquid flow and a 3-phase version is available for
gas-oil-water pipe flow. These models are valid for all inclination angles, pipe diameters and fluid
properties.
LedaFlow Steady-State Mechanistic Flow Models
The LedaFlow Point Model (v1.0.231.1, June 2011) is steady-state version of the transient mechanistic
model developed by SINTEF in collaboration with Total and ConocoPhillips. It was first commercialized
by Kongsberg in June 2011. The 2-phase model considers gas-liquid flow, whereas the 3-phase model
considers gas-oil-water flow. It is applicable for all inclination angles, pipe diameters and fluid
properties.
Updated OLGA-S Mechanistic Flow Models
The latest versions (6.2.7) of the OLGA-S 2- and 3-Phase mechanistic flow models are now available in
PIPESIM. The OLGA-S mechanistic models, developed by SPT, are applicable for all inclination angles,
pipe diameters and fluid properties. The OLGA-S model was developed with extensive data collected
from the SINTEF multiphase flow laboratory near Trondheim, Norway and continuously updated
through the OLGA Verification and Improvement Project (OVIP).
Enhanced Flow Correlation Extensibility Mechanism
The mechanism for user-defined flow correlations has been enhanced to include both 2-phase and 3phase linkages. Additionally, the ability to specify input switches and report any output variable
associated with the user flow correlation is now available. New example code templates are provided.
User Control of Downhill Pressure Recovery
When a two-phase fluid flows in a pipe that is angled downhill, the liquid phase usually flows faster
than the gas. Sometimes the liquid flows downhill at its terminal, or critical, velocity, whereby its speed
is limited by friction against the pipe walls, and there is no net pressure gain due to the elevation
change. This is often called slack flow conditions. The multiphase flow correlations usually will not
model slack flow, so a keyword has been introduced that allows a choice of methods for simulating
how pressure recovery is modeled in downhill pipe sections; it will affect the value for Elevation
Pressure gradient.
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Prediction of scale formation may be performed by using a PVT file generated by OLIs ScaleChem
program (purchased separately). No extra license for PIPESIM is required. The PVT file contains tables
of all fluid phases and transport properties required for thermo-hydraulic calculations. Additionally, this
file contains detailed water chemistry information that enables PIPESIM to determine the occurrence,
type, location, and severity of scale formation. Various profile properties related to scale formation are
reported in profile plots and tables, including:
Total scale concentration
Individual scale species concentrations
Mass ratio of individual scale species
Post-Scale Index
Pre-Scale Index
Improvements to Corrosion Calculations
The deWaard Corrosion model for CO2 corrosion has been enhanced to account for glycol inhibition
when using a Multiflash (MEG or DEG) fluid model or PVT files generated by ScaleChem (MEG).
Additionally, if ScaleChem PVT files are used, water pH is taken from ScaleChem.
Viscosity correction for user defined pump curves
Viscosity corrections (Turzo method) are now available as an option for user-defined pump
performance curves. This is particularly useful for modeling the effects of diluents injected upstream of
surface pumps for heavy oil applications.
The PVT file format has been enhanced to allow definition of solid phases. Two programs currently
take advantage of these enhancements:
ScaleChem (OLI) to predict scale formation.
DBR-Solids (Schlumberger) to predict Wax and Asphaltene precipitation
Additionally, the limit of pressure-temperature grid points has been increased to 60 (from 20) to allow
for more accurate interpolation of fluid properties.
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
Multiflash has been upgraded to version 4.0. This release contains general maintenance updates and
several new fluid property calculation methods. For more information, please refer to New Features
and Changes section of the Multiflash user guide (Help > Multiflash Help).
GERG 2008 Compositional Package
GERG-2008 is a thermodynamic package developed by the European Gas Research Group featuring a
highly accurate equation of state developed specifically for natural gases and is particularly suited for
conditions of low temperatures (LNG) and high molar concentrations of CO2. The equations are based
on a multi-fluid approximation which is explicit in the reduced Helmholtz energy. The GERG-2008
equation of state is under consideration to be adopted as an ISO Standard (ISO 20765-2 and ISO 207653) to calculate gas properties for custody transfer.
Note that GERG is a pure flash package, and transport properties are predicted by the NIST REFPROP
thermodynamic package.
Deprecation of SIS Flash
SIS Flash has been deprecated (no longer supported) and will be removed in future versions of PIPESIM.
SIS Flash is based on an earlier version of the ECLIPSE 300 flash package and has therefore been
replaced by the more advanced E300 flash package available from within PIPESIM. Key improvements
of E300 over SIS flash include more robust phase envelope generation and better prediction of liquid
viscosity.
Reporting Enhancements
Replaced *.pns files with *.pnsx files
Previous versions of the PIPESIM tabular report tool extracted results from an ASCII (*.PNS) file. With
PIPESIM 2011.1, output data is now written in XML format to a .PNSX file. The new format makes
structured reporting more flexible for a variety of purposes. While support for (*.pns) file has been
discontinued for all newly reported parameters, .PNS files are still available for backwards
compatibility.
Enhancements to the Onscreen Report tool
The tabular onscreen report tool used primarily for viewing network simulation results has been
extensively enhanced. Different view options are now available for node objects (sources, sinks,
equipment, etc.) and profile objects which have physical dimensions such as branches which may
contain flowlines, risers and wellbores. The new report tool offers several benefits:
Users can switch between Node & Branch views and perform advanced filtering based on type of
equipment and range of properties (for example, watercut, erosion rates, and so on.)
Measurements at flowing conditions are reported in addition to stock tank conditions.
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Previously hidden internal node objects located within network branches are now exposed
Network-level reporting of Bottom Hole Pressures (BHP), Tubing Head Pressures (THP), and drawdown.
The new report tool is more convenient when searching for specific results. For example, by filtering on
the Upstream = PCOMPLETION property, the report tool displays properties of bottomhole pressures
for each well.
Additional Heat Transfer Reporting
PIPESIM 2011.1 reports specific contributions on temperature changes resulting from the following
heat transfer mechanisms:
Free convection
Forced convection
Conduction
Joule-Thomson effects
Elevation effects
Overall temperature gradient
These variables are reported in the PIPESIM Output file under Heat Transfer Output Data as well as in
spot reports if selected. These variables are also available in PIPESIM plot files. Such analysis is very
useful when evaluating methods to avoid solids formation (eg. insulation vs. inhibitor injection).
Additional Reporting for Pressure Drop across gravel pack completions
PIPESIM 2011.1 explicitly reports pressure drop across gravel packs for both openhole and cased-hole
gravel pack completions.
Optimization Enhancements
The Well Optimizer Module is an extension of previously named Gas Lift Optimizer module (GLO) to
offer a number of new capabilities including:
SDR-MINLP (Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming) algorithm to handle more complex optimization
problems and achieve better performance
Choke control for naturally flowing wells (generally used to honor production constraints)
Well status may be automatically be switched on and off
Additional well constraints are available
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
Solver Enhancements
Enhanced accuracy in Compositional interpolated Flash calculations:
Finer gridding is now applied when PVT tables are used to approximate compositional fluid properties.
This results in more accurate interpolation of fluid properties when this flashing option is selected.
Best Solution Provided for Unconverged Network Simulation Cases:
Certain networks that are either ill conditioned or encounter issues (generally flow regime
discontinuities or unstable well behavior) that may prevent solution to a tight convergence tolerance
will return the best solution achieved (as opposed to no solution) if the iteration limit is reached
without reaching the target tolerance. A warning message is prominently displayed which indicated
the target tolerance has not been reached. By studying the best solution, causes for not reaching the
target tolerance can be more easily investigated.
Other Enhancements
VFP Table Enhancements
PIPESIM 2011.1 allows users to incorporate temperature as an output for VFP Tables generated for
ECLIPSE. In addition, the user can also specify the bottomhole reference depth for VFP tables
generated for ECLIPSE and are presented with a simplified user interface for creating VFP tables for
injection wells.
Updated MPI version for use with Avocet IAM
The version of MPI used by the network engine has been updated for compatibility when used with
Avocet Integrated Asset Modeler (IAM) to couple to the ECLIPSE reservoir simulators (versions 2011.1).
Intel MPI (pnetstub_ilmpi.exe) is available for Windows 32 bit, Windows 64 bit and Linux 64 bit
environments. For Windows 64 bit, Microsoft HPS Server 2008 MPI (pnetstub_msmpi.exe) is also
available. Platform MPI (pnetstub_plmpi.exe) is available for Linux 64 bit environments.
Additional Example Case Studies, Tutorials, and General Documentation Improvements
A number of new example case studies have been included with the PIPESIM installation to better
illustrate new and existing functionality. Additionally, the online help system has been significantly
expanded, including new tutorials and further technical details on a number of features.
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Win 64
Linux 64
Main programs
GUI
Network engine
OpenLink
Plotting
rd
OLGAS 5.3.2
OLGAS 5.0.2
LedaFlow
PVT packages
Multiflash 4.0
SIS
E300
DBR
NIST Refprop v8
GERG 2008
DBR Wax
Equipment packages
Hydraulic fracture IPR
Framo 2009
Platform 8.1.0
Platforms
Version runs on Windows 32
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
Version
Version runs on Windows 64
Version runs on Linux 64
Win 32
Win 64
Linux 64
Notes
Other versions of OLGA-S may be available from SPT. The OLGA-S license cannot be used on a virtual
machine (such as VMWare or Remote Desktop) or on Citrix machines.
User Access Control (UAC) Limitations PIPESIM runs with the lowest available permission. The
Windows 7 limitation with User Access Control (UAC) now applies to PIPESIM. For example, when UAC is
activated, it prevents programs from writing to the programs folder. If you cannot write to the program
folder, do one of the following:
o Before running them, copy the case studies to a writeable folder, such as the Documents folder.
o Run PIPESIM as an administrator.
MFL files are not supported on Linux 64 bits. However the user does have the option to use a Multiflash
composition defined in PIPESIM on Linux 64 bits
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
Component
Case studies
Fluid General
2468156
Compositional
2491818
2492773
Compositional
Compositional
2504697
Compositional
2510788
2517925
Compositional
Compositional
2517951
2531286
and
2502987
2536833
2538649
2569951
Compositional
Compositional
Compositional
Compositional
Compositional
PIPESIM 2010.1 does not import the PVO file created by PVTi
Molar volume units incorrect when performing a phase split
Reported Oil/water/Liquid viscosities were identical when using a
MFL fluid file for a specific case
2572975
Compositional
2560123
2490795
2411726
Database
ESP Design
ESP Design
(non-English platform)
ESP Design
PIPESIM 2010 does not save new data of well test for IPR tuning
ESP: reopening ESP UI resets number of stages to 1
Regional OS settings interfered with ESP design and related
database tasks.
ESP design fails for certain cases
Gas Lift
Gas Lift Optimizer
Help &
Documentation
OLGA-S
OpenLink
PSIM Engine
2502110
&
2502112
2491050
2504213
2534612
2552393
2522660
2500972
Short Description
Choke Size Calculation Error with SI units
Improvements made to the user control and management of global
(network) and local (completion, etc) fluids in PIPESIM.
In a few special circumstances (eg. the user defines components
and then changes the flash package) the new package may not
recognize certain components) resulting in errors. Appropriate
messages are provided now.
Phase definition is different between Multiflash and PIPESIM GUI
Added ability to print extra petroleum fraction properties for E300,
DBR and SISFlash
Problem with aqueous moles computation for when users convert
water mole basis to vol-ratio and WGR (PVTToolbox)
3-phase flash failure
Options gridpres and gridtemp ignored if pvt file has embedded
table
Multiflash phase identification issue
Missing petroleum fraction data in revision C PVT files.
Discrepancy in viscosity calculation b/w DBR and E300 packages.
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Issue Id
Component
2535406 PSIM Engine
2559541 PSIM Engine
2567774& PSIM Engine
2567820
Short Description
Latent heat enthalpy inconsistency
Conflict between the flow regime map and the output results
Degradation and viscosity calculations were incorrect for explicitly
defined ESP curves.
2570447
PSIM Engine
2411726
2436803
PSIM GUI
PSIM GUI
2481380
PSIM GUI
2502366
2523374
2523699
2550258
PSIM GUI
PSIM GUI
PSIM GUI
PSIM GUI
Exporting model in different directory leaves the PVT file in old one
(this prevents the user from running a simulation from the new
directory due to missing fluid property description if PVT files are
used)
Error processing geometry
PIPESIM GUI gets stuck in infinite loop of message boxes
Several Report Tool Defects
Unable to assign specific names for wells even though the names
are not presently in use
2571686
PSIM GUI
GUI processing of data for branch mass flowrate limit was faulty
and it has been corrected now.
2578050
PSIM GUI
2471360
2502111
2490241
2508927
2522367
2568633
PSPlot
PSPlot
PSPlot
PSPlot
2224290
Rod Pump
2498778
Rod Pump
2479144
Rod Pump
2487155
2505960
2523488
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
The Multiflash package has been updated and new features added. Two new PVT packages have been
added the Schlumberger DBR flash and the NIST Refprop flash. In addition, a new version of the
Schlumberger ECLIPSE flash has been created, allowing access to more features.
Six different flashes are now available:
Multiflash 3 phase flash. This has been updated to version 3.8. The CPA equation of state has been
added. MFL files containing the CSMA equation of state can also be used, although this requires a new
license feature.
SIS flash original interface to ECLIPSE 2 phase flash.
E300 flash new interface to ECLIPSE 2 phase flash, allowing extra Equations of State and improved
phase envelopes.
DBR flash 2 phase flash, which has a more extensive component library than the ECLIPSE flash.
NIST Refprop flash 2 phase flash using Helmholtz equation of state.
SIEP SPPTS for Shell users only, Multiflash 3 phase flash combined with Shell Thermodynamic
properties.
The compositional dialogue has been redesigned to make it easier to manage these extra flash packages. A
new compositional template dialogue has been added, acting as a single place where the PVT package and
models can be defined. The component template also stores the master list of all components in the model,
ensuring that petroleum fractions have the same properties for all fluids.
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The new PVT packages - the Schlumberger DBR flash, the NIST Refprop flash and the new version of the
Schlumberger ECLIPSE flash are available through OpenLink.
Improved PIPESIM simulation run time
PIPESIM 2010.1 engine has been reviewed and optimized to enable faster simulation. The new engine runs
the simulation with a reduction in time between 10 and 40% compared to the 2009.1 engine. In addition,
the user is given more control and can select some trade-off between speed and accuracy. The help
documentation has been updated to provide hints on the PIPESIM configuration which enables such tradeoffs.
New and faster Moody friction factor calculation methods
Two additional methods have been added for the calculation of the Moody friction factor. PIPESIM can
calculate the Moody friction factor using either an iterative implicit method (Colebrook-White equation
(Moody chart) previous method in PIPESIM 2009.1), an explicit method ("Explicit Reformulation of the
Colebrook-White Equation for turbulent Flow friction Factor calculation" by J. Sonnad and C. Goudar, Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res, 2007, 46, pp. 2593-2600) or a fast explicit or approximate method ("An approximate
Formula for Pipe Friction Factors" by Lewis F. Moody, Transactions ASME, vol 69, 1947, pp. 1005). The
default calculation method for the friction factor is the explicit method. The Moody friction factor
calculation method also has an impact on the horizontal and vertical flow correlations as the friction factor
used to compute the pressure gradient in the flow correlations will be evaluated based on the method
specified by the Moody friction factor calculation method. The Sonnad 2007 linear approximation gives a
speed improvement of 5% over the original Colebrook-White Equation with an accuracy of about 10%
comparatively to the Colebrook-White Equation. The Moody 1947 approximation gives a speed
improvement of 9% over the original Colebrook-White Equation with an accuracy of about 25%
comparatively to the Colebrook-White Equation.
Improved Network topology analysis and checks
A new method for analysis and checking network topology has been introduced. This allows PIPESIM to
handle more network topologies than before as it better detects and manages loops in the network
topology.
Enhancements to Nodal Analysis
The plot now shows explicit plot markers on the valid Operating Points intersections. This allows valid
and invalid intersections to be distinguished, and the data for the valid ones to be displayed accurately.
Additional PIPESIM cases are run at each Operating Point to calculate the data. The profile plots from
these cases can also be viewed, using Reports > Profile Plot. They are also available in the output
report.
The operating points pressures and flowrates can be obtained, numerically, from the Data tab on the
plot, and from the output report.
The output report lists the operating points as all combinations of inflow and outflow sensitivity
variables, providing the pressure and flowrate for the valid ones, and the message INVALID for the
invalid ones.
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
The algorithm that generates points on the inflow and outflow curves has been enhanced to ensure
each curve has a point at all valid operating points intersections. The remaining points on the curves are
distributed to ensure they are clustered in regions where the slope changes fastest.
The PIPESIM plotting program PS-Plot has been enhanced to allow multiple X- series. This in turn allows
multiple inflow curves to be displayed on the same plot for wells with 2 or more completions.
Support of Windows 7
When using the restart function, PIPESIM can keep all branches skipped in the restart file permanently
skipped or it can reset them to be included in the solution again. The default behavior is to keep all branches
skipped in the restart file permanently skipped. An advanced engine option allows you to activate the
second type of behavior.
Retirement of flowrate lower limits option
The flowrate limits on branch and wells has been reworked. PIPESIM no longer supports lower flowrate
limits: upper flowrate limits are still supported however. Those limits apply both to forward and reverse
flows. So an upper flowrate limit of 2000 STB/d will limit the flow to a maximum of 2000 STB/d,
independently on whether the flow is going backward or forward. As a result, older model having a lower
limit set will lose the lower limit data when opened and saved with PIPESIM 2010.1, while the upper limit
will be kept as the new single limit.
Enhancements to PsPlot
The following enhancements have been made to PsPlot in the version supplied with 2010.1 PIPESIM:
1. Option of adding multiple dataset series to the X axis. This allows the display of multiple inflow curves
for individual completions when the well contains multiple completions.
2. Added line formatting capabilities allowing for broken and thick lines and symbol styles
3. Improved formatting of axes annotation and data table entries
4. Improved automatic calculation of axes data range to give sensible number of increments
5. Correct display of Revision A PVT table files
6. Remove limit of number of files that can be displayed in the files list (previously 30)
Retirement of FPT, Goal and HoSim
Goal and HoSim have been retired. A legacy version of FPT is provided on the DVD.
Retirement of 32 bit Linux network engine
The 32 bit Linux network engine has been retired. The 64 bit version is still available.
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A new package from Framo Engineering AS has been added to model Framo Helico-Axial Multiphase
boosters. The package comes with data files describing the performance of 13 Framo pumps and new files
can be added when available. This package supersedes the previous (1999) model, and is only available on
Windows 32 versions of the PIPESIM engine. The 13 Framo Helico-Axial pumps that can currently be
modelled are given in the table below:
Impeller diameter (mm)
Capacity (m3/h)
310
250
180
310
400
180
310
500
45
310
500
180
310
600
120
310
700
45
310
800
120
310
900
45
310
1100
45
310
1100
120
360
1200
38
360
1500
38
360
1800
38
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
Analytical expressions for ground conduction shape factors have been derived from solutions to the steadystate heat conduction equation with convective boundary conditions on the pipe inside wall and ground
surfaces. These shape factors are used to compute the steady-state heat loss from fully and partially buried
pipes. The results are continuous through the entire range of burial configurations (from buried to exposed)
and are accurate to within 2.5% of rigorous numerical simulations.
Improved heat loss calculations: Ramey model for wells
A new GUI dialog has been added to allow U values to be calculated in Detailed Tubing Models. The
Calculation uses the Ramey Model and allows the user to enter the time the well has been operating
together with physical dimensions and thermal properties of the various insulating layers.
Improved (Flow regime-dependent) Inside Film Coefficient (IFC)
A new GUI dialog has been added to allow the selection of the model for the inside film coefficient (IFC)
calculation. There are two models available the Kaminsky model and the Kreith separate Reynolds
number model. The Kaminsky model provides a means of extending the heat transfer calculations to
account for 2-phase flow (in the single phase region the Kaminsky Model uses Sieder-Tate correlation).
Modified Buried Pipe Ambient Film Coefficient
The ambient film coefficient for buried pipe lines (which is used to model heat transfer between the earth
surface and the sea / air) has been changed to use the same correlation as for fully exposed pipes. Use
debug flag 58 to select the previous model.
Improved calculation of blackoil enthalpy
A new, improved, model for the prediction of the total enthalpy of a black oil fluid has been added. The
total enthalpy at a certain pressure and temperature is the flowing-mass-fraction-weighted sum of the
enthalpies of the oil, gas and water phases. The enthalpies of the individual phases are obtained from
approximated Joule-Thomson coefficients and user-specified specific thermal properties such as heat
capacities and latent heat of vaporization.
Modified energy equation
Previous versions of PIPESIM used a simplified energy equation to calculate temperature changes in pipe
flow. This has been replaced by a rigorous calculation taking into account heat loss and potential energy
terms. Changes in kinetic energy are still ignored. Changes in kinetic energy are still ignored. Use the
following engine keywords to select the previous model: HEAT DHEQUATION = 1983.
Page 23
An outline model of a rod pump is now available. Pump performance is specified with a so-called Nominal
Flowrate, which represents the pump's design volumetric flowrate at suction conditions. A steep penalty
function is used to predict discharge pressure. Limits can be set for maximum differential pressure and
available power. The Rod Pump is available from the Downhole Equipment tab on the Tubing dialog. The
Rod pump simulation can be use for pressure / temperature profiles in a well model and can be used in the
well contained network models. The initial model is designed for a Rod Pump that is operating under steady
state operation.
Data Matching
A new single branch operation, Data Matching has been added to the GUI. This allows the user to select
parameters which will be automatically set using an optimizer to minimize the difference between
measured and simulated data. The flowline and riser GUI dialogues have been updated to facilitate entry of
measured data under the detailed pipeline / riser description.
Modified Holdup factor
The way the holdup factor is used in flow correlations has been modified in the light of experiments with the
new Data Matching operation. Previously, to allow the correlation to be tuned to measured data, a linear
factor could be used to multiply the liquid hold up predicted by a flow correlation. However, this can lead to
liquid holdups of 1, even when gas is flowing. Therefore, the linear multiplier has been supplemented with
a non-linear term, which ensures the holdup remains between 0 and 1. The new holdup factor must be
between 0 and 2. To restore the old behavior, debug flag 807 can be used.
Wax sensitivity
The wax deposition operation has been enhanced to provide sensitivity analysis for the Schlumberger DBR
wax deposition models. It is currently possible to sensitize on 5 wax property variables for the single-phase
model and 9 properties variables for the multiphase model, including the multipliers or coefficients for the
molecular diffusion and shear reduction mechanisms.
Multiphase wax deposition modeling
A new Schlumberger DBR wax multiphase deposition model has been added to this release. This model is
complements the original single phase model released in 2008.1. At this time the use of this model is limited
to Schlumbergers Flow Assurance Consultants as it complements the advanced measurements techniques
for wax deposition that are available from Schlumberger Oil phase-DBR.
DBR-Solids 4.2
To support the Wax deposition modeling workflow in PIPESIM the DBR-Solids PVT package is supplied on the
PIPESIM CD. The DBR-Solids program supports the characterization of compositional fluids using equations
of state. The program provides workflows for the prediction of wax and asphaltene precipitation regions
and for the prediction of Wax deposition in pipelines. The results of the wax deposition prediction are then
fed to the PIPESIM wax deposition operation to calculate the rate of wax deposition and the change in bulk
flow rate due to the wax deposited on the walls. DBR Solids is available as an additional add-on module for
PIPESIM.
Multiflash 3.7
The default behavior of SIS flash has been modified to perform a two phase (liquid-vapor) flash. In this
mode, all water ends up in the water phase, which contains only the water component. This behavior is
consistent with the ECLIPSE flash.
In previous versions of PIPESIM, SIS flash attempted to perform a 3-phase flash in which water could appear
in the vapor phase. This version is not sufficiently reliable for simulations, as well as being inconsistent with
the ECLIPSE flash. The 3-phase version can be used by setting an option keyword
COMPOSITION SFLASH_TYPE = 3PHASE
Updated MPI for use with R2SL
The versions of MPI used by the network engine have been updated for compatibility with Avocet
Integrated Asset Modeler and the ECLIPSE simulators. On Windows, 32 and 64 bit versions are available
using Intel mpi (pnetstub_ilmpi.exe). On Linux, 32 and 64 bit versions are available using Intel mpi
(pnetstub_ilmpi.exe) and Scali MPI (pnetstub_scampi.exe).
Olgas for Linux 64
Version 5.3.2 Olgas is now available for the 64 bit Linux network engine. This requires version 2.4 of
glibc.so, which comes with Red Hat 5 or with gcc 4.1.
Olgas 5.3.2 is also available for 32 bit Windows.
Shell flow correlations
Shell flow correlations can still be used with PIPESIM but are no longer supplied with the PIPESIM install.
People wishing to use the Shell flow correlations should contact Shell directly. Licensing of the Shell Features
is still carried out by Schlumberger.
64 bit version for Windows
64 bit version of the engines is available for Windows 64 machines. These are primarily intended for use
with Avocet Integrated Asset Modeler and R2SL. The 64 bit engine is installed in a Programsx64 directory,
alongside the 32 bit engine in the Programs directory. However, a number of the 3rd party plug-ins are not
available on the Windows 64 bit platform; these include DBR Wax, Multiflash, and OLGAS. Note that the 32
bit engines can also be used on 64 bit operating systems.
PsPlot Localization
The display of axis and data series labels can be translated into the local language using a dictionary file
called PsPlotdict.txt which must be located in the installation directory of the PsPlotX executable. The
dictionary file should contain two columns of character strings separated by , with the English labels first,
followed by the required language translation, one per line. Only single byte language strings are catered
for.
A plot label template is provided (PsPlotdict.tmp) for which translations can be created in the desired
language. A Russian dictionary (partial) is also provided as PsPlotdict.rus. In each case, the dictionary should
be copied to a file called PsPlotdict.txt to be utilized by PsPlot.
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The PIPESIM online help system has been restructured. The technical description section has been reviewed
and expanded. In the technical description many more of the equations used in PIPESIM are presented.
ESP Pump Catalogue Update
HC 675
HC35000
GC 513 Series
GC1150
GC1700
GC4100
Centurion
P10
P22
P11
P37
P47
P62
P100
WoodGroup
TA400
TA550
TA900
TA1200
TA1500
TD150
TD300
TD450
TE11000
TE1500
TE2700
TE3300
TH13000
SDR Lexico solver is now available as an alternative to the Newton-Raphson and Genetic Algorithm solvers.
This is a derivative-free algorithm that is able to solve problems with multiple global constraints. Unlike the
Genetic Algorithm which is initialized by random seeding, this solver yields the same results each time it is
run but may not yield a globally optimum solution.
A number of enhancements have been made to the algorithms used for global constraints of Maximum
Injection Gas Rate and Maximum Total Gas Rate. Users may now specify a lower bound for the search
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range, thus improving solver speed and reliability. A marginal gradient may also be specified to obtain yield
results that are both (a) a more realistic optimum operating point in the vicinity of the region at the tip of
the operating curve of production rate vs. lift gas and (b) less susceptible to numerical noise caused by the
tolerance of the underlying PIPESIM model. The iteration history may also be displayed, allowing the user to
see the sensitivity of the system production rate to the overall lift gas rate.
A stable flow margin may now be specified to ensure that the solution point for any well has a safety margin
above the minimum lift gas rate for stable operation.
The PIPESIM model tolerance can now be automatically controlled by the gas lift optimizer. This can yield a
faster and more stable solution.
Summary of functionality available on different platforms
GUI
Win 32
Win 64
Linux 32
Linux 64
Not available
Not available
Not available
Network engine
Not available
Not available
OpenLink
Not available
Not available
Not available
OLGAS 5.3.2
Not available
OLGAS 5.0.2
Not available
Not available
Multiflash 3.7
SIS flash
Not available
Not available
DBR Wax
Not available
Not available
Not available
Note
32 bit programs will run on Windows 64 bit machines. So the 32 bit GUI can be used on a Windows 64
bit machine, in combination with either 32 bit or 64 bit engines. However, the 64 bit engines can only
be used with 64 bit 3rd party dlls.
Other versions of OLGAS may be available from SPT.
Summary of MPI versions available for use with R2SL on different platforms
Build
MPI
Executable
Win 32
Win 64
Linux 64
Win 32
Intel 4.0.1
pnetstub_ilmpi
Win 64
Intel 4.0.1
pnetstub_ilmpi
Win 64
MS HPS 2008
pnetstub_msmpi
Linux 64
Intel 4.0.1
pnetstub_ilmpi
Linux 64
Platform 8.1.0
pnetstub_plmpi
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Users can now use the PIPESIM GUI to enter heat capacity and conductivity data using the Black oil
properties dialog.
Black oil fluid injection point
The Injection Point dialog in the PIPESIM GUI can now be used in black oil models, as well as compositional
models.
Calculation of user defined variables
PIPESIM GUI operations have been modified to allow the single branch engine to calculate a user defined
variable. Previously users specified two of three boundary conditions (inlet flow, inlet pressure, outlet
pressure) and the program calculated the third. Now it is possible to specify all three boundary conditions,
and ask the program to calculate the value of another variable, for example a choke setting or a pump
setting.
Engine keyword tool in tubing
Users can now insert an Engine Keyword Tool (EKT) into the tubing using the PIPESIM GUI. The option is
available in the Downhole Equipment tab of the Detailed Model Tubing dialog. The EKT allows use of
engine keywords to switch on advanced engine functionality that is not currently available through other
GUI items.
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The Ramey heat loss model has been added to the PIPESIM engines. At present this model cannot be
accessed from the GUI, except via engine keywords.
Engine keywords for regression (calibration)
New functionality has been added to the single branch engine to allow flow correlation and heat loss
parameters to be calculated to match measured pressure and temperature data. At present this
functionality cannot be accessed from the GUI, except via engine keywords.
Engine keywords for user-equipment DLLs
Users can now write a 32-bit DLL to define an equipment piece for use with the PIPESIM engines. An Engine
keyword tool is used to represent the equipment piece in the PIPESIM GUI and the user informs the
PIPESIM engines of the DLL and its entry points via engine keywords.
Flow Control Valves
A number of enhancements have been made to Flow Control Valves (FCVs). The flow rate limit can now be
specified along with the valve diameter (previously there were exclusive options). FCVs can now be used in
injection wells. Functionality has been much improved.
Linux Multiflash
Multiflash can now be used with the 32 bit and 64 bit Linux network engine.
Linux Olga steady-state flow correlations
Version 5.02 of the OLGAS steady-state flow correlations can be used with the 32 bit Linux network engine.
A 64 bit version is not available.
Liquid Loading Calculations for gas wells
The liquid Loading (LL) calculations are now performed along the entire length of the well. The results are
used to position the LL line on the Nodal Analysis plot. LL Velocity Ratio (LLVR) appears on the Auxiliary
output page of the output report.
Multiflash 3.6
It is now possible to model an injection well with 2 or more completions, and/or horizontal completions.
Network constraints
The PIPESIM GUI can now be used to set flow constraints in network branches.
New Choke code
The choke code has been re-written. The new code was designed to calculate derivatives, but in addition it
treats critical flow in a slightly different way. At the same time a number of in-consistencies were removed
from the calculation of the Ashford & Pierce correlation. These changes may give different results from
previous calculations. To restore pre-2008.1 behavior, use debug flag 374.
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OLGAS 5.3
Version 5.3 of the Olga steady state flow correlations is now included for Windows runs.
R2SL improvements
Two changes have been made to improve the coupling from PIPESIM to ECLIPSE through R2SL.
The first improvement is to replace PQ curve boundary conditions with completion items. This makes
the network easier to solve and also allows non-linear IPRs to be set by R2SL. This new feature can be
switched off by using debug flag 317.
The second improvement is to use the ECLIPSE 2 phase flash in PIPESIM. This gives improved reliability
as well as consistent results between the simulators. For this release, this feature can be used by
selecting SIS flash and using debug flag 3249.
Wax deposition
The Schlumberger-DBR wax deposition model is available in this release. A separate license is required for
this feature.
The following changes have been made to the Gas-Lift Optimizer for the 2008.1 release:
Support for dual-string wells. When working with a dual-string well, you can select the desired string
and then edit the constraints for that string. See Local Constraints tab in Gas Lift Optimizer Help for
more information on editing constraints for dual-string wells.
New local well constraints added. The Dynamic Minimum Gas Lift Rate and Alhanati Stability
constraints were added for the 2008.1 release:
o When you select a well and apply the Dynamic Minimum Gas Lift Rate constraint, the minimum
gas-lift rate will be determined from the characteristics of the PIPESIM well performance curve, such
that the gradient of the system outlet pressure (with respect to the liquid or oil flow rate) is
negative;
o When you select a well and apply the Alhanati Stability constraint, the minimum gas-lift rate will be
determined from the Alhanati stability parameters.
See Local Constraints tab in Gas Lift Optimizer Help for more information on these and the other local
constraints available.
New local branch and sink constraints added. The Minimum Total GOR, Maximum CO2, and Maximum
H2S constraints were added for the 2008.1 release:
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o
o
Use the Maximum Total GOR constraint to specify the maximum GOR permitted within a branch (or
sink). The gas flow used in the calculation of this GOR includes both the produced gas and lift gas in
the branch (or sink);
Use the Maximum CO2 constraint to specify the maximum concentration of CO2 permitted within a
branch or sink.
Use the Maximum H2S constraint to specify the maximum concentration of H2S permitted within a
branch or sink.
See Local Constraints tab in Gas Lift Optimizer Help for more information on these and the other local
constraints available.
New global constraints added. The Minimum Total GOR, Maximum CO2, and Maximum H2S constraints
were added for the 2008.1 release:
o Use the Maximum Total GOR constraint to specify the maximum GOR permitted within a composite
stream made up of the sink flows from all of the networks in your optimization study. The gas flow
used in the calculation of this GOR includes both the produced gas and lift gas in the networks;
o Use the Maximum CO2 constraint to specify the maximum concentration of CO2 permitted within a
composite stream made up of the sink flows from all of the networks in your optimization study;
o Use the Maximum H2S constraint to specify the maximum concentration of H2S permitted within a
composite stream made up of the sink flows from all of the networks in your optimization study. For
black-oil models, this is based upon the contaminant concentrations in the stock-tank gas. For
compositional models, this is based upon the overall fluid composition within the networks.
See Global Constraints tab in Gas Lift Optimizer Help for more information on these and the other
global constraints available.
Added ability to generate well curves without running an optimization. When working on the Optimize
tab, you can now click the Generate Curves button to generate well curves based on the currently
selected curve-generation parameters, without having to run an optimization study. These curves,
which have a *.pwi file extension, are generated in the same folder where the PIPESIM model is located.
See Optimize tab in Gas Lift Optimizer Help for more information on these and the other options
available on the Optimize tab.
New advanced options added. The Verbose Messages and Memory Resident PIPESIM Engine options
were added for this release, and some lift-curve generation options were changed:
o Select the Verbose Messages constraint to to display more detailed status messages in the
Messages grid at the bottom of the Optimize tab when running an optimization study;
o Select the Memory Resident PIPESIM Engine option to enter Memory Resident Mode, in which the
PIPESIM engine does not need to reload well curves when the network is solved at the end of each
Gas-Lift Optimizer iteration;
o The maximum number of interpolated pressure values that may be used when generating lift curves
was increased to 200;
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The maximum number of lift values that may be used to generate the optimal lift curve for each
well was increased to 90.
See Setting advanced Gas-Lift Optimizer options in Gas Lift Optimizer Help for more information on
these and the other advanced options available.
A new Gas Lift Optimization feature is now available to perform gas-lift optimization studies of a single
network model (in PIPESIM) or multiple networks with links to HYSYS process facilities (in Avocet IAM).
Constraints can be set up at several levels, creating boundary conditions that will control how the
optimization is performed. Different types of optimizations can be performed Total Liquid Produced, Total
Gas Produced, or Total Oil Produceddepending on what drives the economics of the field. Pre- and postoptimization results can be compared in different ways, enabling the validation and quantifying of any
production gains. Optimization-study results are posted in tabular or graphical formats, enabling use of gaslift optimization data in reports or presentations.
Linux 64 bit version of the network engine
In 2007.2 there are 32-bit and 64-bit Linux network engines. These engines are used when coupling PIPESIM
to R2SL and ECLIPSE running on Linux clusters, as used in the Avocet IAM workflows. The new 64-bit engine
is recommended for use with 64-bit versions of ECLIPSE and R2SL as it simplifies the cross-process
communication.
Vista Compatible
PIPESIM 2007.2 can now be run on Windows Vista in the same way as other Windows operating systems.
However, if you use Vista you have to make a copy of the Case Studies if you wish to use them. The default
path for the Case Studies is:
C:\Program Files\Schlumberger\Pipesim\Case Studies
You may copy this directory to a personal document folder (outside C:\Program Files).
A number of other changes have been made to the way PIPESIM works, but these should not the end user.
Some of these details are given below.
In PIPESIM 2007.2 all user settings, which were stored in the registry, have been moved into a configuration
file. This file is created during the installation process and it serves as a template configuration for any
PIPESIM user. The default path for this file is
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Schlumberger Private - Customer Use
C:\Program Files\Schlumberger\Pipesim\programs\pipesim.config
The first time you run PIPESIM a new configuration file is copied into your personal application data folder
and it provides storage for the user-specific configuration for all subsequent PIPESIM runs. The application
data folder is a common repository for application-specific data. For Windows XP or Windows Vista it will
typically be, respectively:
(XP) C:\Documents and Settings\username\Application Data\Schlumberger\pipesim\
(Vista) C:\Users\username\AppData\roaming\ Schlumberger\pipesim\
Files from the folder
C:\Program Files\common files\schlumberger\pipesim
have been moved to the main PIPESIM programs folder, which defaults to
C:\Program Files\Schlumberger\Pipesim\programs\
Vertical completions have been enhanced with downhole flow control valves (FCV) to provide the
capabilities for modeling intelligent or smart wells. The FCV currently operates in two different modes,
either the valve settings are input to control the flow, or a maximum flowrate is set to evaluate the valve
size. Specific FCV data have also been added to the PIPESIM database and can be selected by the users.
Black Oil Correlations for Heavy Oil
A range of additional black oil correlations are geared towards the needs of simulating heavy oils. The
correlations by De Ghetto et al. and Hossain et al., which were designed for estimating the dead, live and
undersaturated viscosities of heavy and extra heavy oils, have been implemented. Two others general
purpose viscosity correlations by Petrosky & Farshad and Elsharkawy & Alikhan have also been
Page 33
implemented. For undersaturated oil viscosity, the Bergman & Sutton correlation, which is based on vast
database containing 1400 different oils, can also be selected.
In addition, the dead oil viscosity can be specified with a user-provided table of measured viscosity against
temperature.
The correlations of De Ghetto et al. and Petrosky & Farshad have also been added for the bubblepoint
pressure, solution gas-oil ratio (GOR) and oil formation volume factor.
Emulsions
Modeling of Oil/water emulsions has been enhanced. The black oil fluid model has an expanded range of
correlations to model emulsion viscosity as a function of liquid watercut. The new correlations are:
Brinkman, Vand, Leviton & Leighton, Richardson, and a new implementation of the Woelflin correlations for
loose, medium and tight water-in-oil emulsions. In addition, a user-supplied table of viscosity against
watercut can be specified. The phase inversion watercut (the cutoff) can be calculated with the Brauner &
Ullman correlation.
Erosion and corrosion
Pipeline erosion and corrosion can now be modeled. The new dialog may be found under Setup/Erosion &
Corrosion properties.
Two erosion models are available: The existing API 14 E, and the new Salama 2000. Salamas model
calculates the erosion rate resulting from solids (sand) entrained in the liquid phase. Sand production is
specified per-well, and in a network model the sand inventory is tracked across manifolds and junctions so
an accurate sand rate is automatically available in link branches. An acceptable erosion rate can be
specified, this allows calculation of a maximum recommenced velocity (the so-called Erosional Velocity).
Erosion rates and velocity are printed in the auxiliary output page and the profile plot file. Maximum rates
and velocities are in the system plot file.
A new corrosion model, de Waard, is now available. This models the corrosion caused by CO2 in the liquid
water phase. Once enabled, the model uses the concentrations of liquid water and CO2 as specified by the
selected fluid model (black oil or compositional). Corrosion rate is reported in the Auxiliary output page and
the profile plot file, and the maximum rate for the case or branch appears in the system plot file.
Global override of flow correlations in network models
Global flow correlations can now be set for all branches in a network from the Setup menu.
New TUFFP unified 2-phase flow correlations
New unified 2-phase flow correlations are available from Tulsa (in the bja source). Initial testing has
shown that in some cases these correlations may lead to convergence problems.
OLGA-S 2000 v 5.0.2 flow correlations
OLGA-S 2000 v 5.0.2 two phase and three phase correlations are now available in additional to version 4.13.
Multiflash 3.5
The Infochem flash package has been upgraded from Multiflash 3.4 to Multiflash 3.5.
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The pre-2006 engines pnengine.exe and psengine.exe have been retired and are not on the 2007.1 CD.
HoSim
As noted above, the old pnengine program has been retired. Therefore, users of HoSim will need to go to
Setup>Choose Paths and change the net engine from pnengine.exe to pnetstub.exe.
New Engine Preference
A new engine preference Run engine via batch file (via Setup>Preferences>Engine) has been made
available as one of the defaults. This option will prompt an error message when a PIPESIM model fails
abnormally; it reads: Abnormal termination! See the PIPESIM Engine window for more information. This
is particularly useful for problem diagnostic and investigation.
Note for PIPESIM-FPT users
FPT has not changed for this release. However, the compositional package used with both PIPESIM and FPT
has been updated, and is no longer compatible with FPT. Users running FPT compositional tank models will
not be able to use this version. As with PIPESIM 2006.2, FPTEclipse link is not supported in PIPESIM 2007.1.
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