Preface

Our project is an attempt to apply our learning and make

connections between our thoughts and experiences. Our
dream sprang from the success stones of our
predecessors for five consecutive years. We conceived
the idea, believed it and hope to achieve it.
Our settlement is titled CYGNUS, named after a
northern constellation lying on the plane of the milky
way. Cygnus meaning Swan in Latin is most frequently
associated with the myth of Zeus & Leda.
Our team, the existors consists of Yamini, Bhavana,
Aparna, Susruth and Dinesh. We believed in what is real
and exists, yet, wish to connect ourselves with human
existence in space.
We take this opportunity to thank our parents who have
encouraged us and supported all through our endeavour.
Our heartfelt thanks also go to our Principal and our
teachers Mr.Ramesh,Mr. Bala Paramesh, Mr. Sreekanth
Reddy and Mrs. Lakshmi Devi for their guidance.
We have been inspired by great personalities like
Stephen hawking & Dr. Abdul Kalam. We hope to be
present at the ISDC 2014 at California, meet Al Globus
& Buzz Aldrin, and explore whats beyond the earth.

CYGNUSPage 2

Index
S.N
o.

CONTENT

Pag
e
no.

1.

Acknowledgement

2.

Why space settlement?

10

Why Cygnus?

10

About us

11

Structural
Engineering

Hull Components
Placement

CYGNUSPage 3

12-14
15-16

Top view Symmetry

17

Vertical Symmetry

18

19
19
20
21
21
22

Dimensions
Sphere
Layout of sphere
Torus A
Layout of torus
Torus B1
Torus B2

Torus C1
Torus C2
Cylinder A1
Cylinder A2
Solar Adaptors
Spoke
Phases of Construction

22
23
24
25
26
27

Time
required
for
construction
Materials required for
settlement
Artificial gravity

35

Squash and proffer

mechanism
Advantages of squash
and proffer
Spokes in Cygnus

39

Solar Adaptors

39

Advantages of Solar
Adaptors
Thrusters and black
bodies
Accommodation in
Cygnus

40

6
CYGNUSPage 4

Basic life factors

28-34

36-37
38

39

39

40

40

 Atmosphere
composition

40

Bio diversity
Aeroponics
Hydroponics
Global warming
agriculture
Geoponics
Breeding of cows

41
41
42
43
43
44

Water management
Sabatier process
By the means of iridium
Ways to purify water

45
45
46-48

Waste management

49

Docking
7

8
CYGNUSPage 5

50

Security systems
Security

51-52

Radiation Shield

53

Asteroid attack

54-56

Communication

57-58

Transportation
Types of transportation
Extrinsic
Intramural

10

11
12

13

CYGNUSPage 6

58
59
59-61

Electricity
From bio gas

62

From solar energy

62

From urine

62

From coal

62

Food chart

63

Nutrition table

64

House plan
Model of house

65-67

House requirements

68

Life existence
factors
Hospitals

69-70

Schools

70

14

Universities

70-71

Recreation
Patent Parks
Devout Places
Shopping malls
Rivers and Lakes
Hotels
Stadiums
Amusement parks
Multiplex theatres
Space tour
Auditoriums
Gyms

72-73
73
74
75
75
75-76
76
76-77
77
78
79

Government
Distribution of powers
among different
ministers

15

Robotic culture
Types of robots
Serial
Parallel
Mobile
Walking
Application of robots
Humanoid
Industrial
Field

CYGNUSPage 7

80-81

83
83
84
84
84
84
84

 Filed
Service
Skyba

16

85
85

Mining
Types of mining
Lunar
Asteroid
Mars
Earth
Comet

17

85
85

86
87
87
88
88

Business Hub
Trade

90

Industries
Automobiles
Chemicals
Consumer Durables
Energy
Industrials
Infrastructure
Metals
Services

18
CYGNUSPage 8

Spacesuit

91
91
91
92
92
92
93
93
95

19
20

Credence to the
People
Cost of Cygnus

96-98

Bibliography
Demographic
charts
Time period

100
101
102

99

Success is not final, failure is not fatal.

Acknowledgement
We pay our gratitude to NASA Ames design
contest for giving us a prospect to provoke our
talents in the international Dias.
We thank our parents, friends, teachers and
management who cheered us for a better project.
As we know Known is a drop, unknown is an
ocean, we did this project for exhibiting our ideas
for an international privilege.
CYGNUSPage 9

Research is what I am doing when I

dont know what I am doing.

What is the need of a space settlement?

CYGNUSPage 10

Now in this contemporary world, man has the power to

destroy or create things. To create revitalized things he
has devastated our mother earth with the same
creativity, he had fabricated settlements in space for
endure of our future generations.

Why the name Cygnus?

Cygnus is one of the brightest constellations in the clear
night sky which can be easily identified. It has the
brightest star called Deneb. According to Greek
mythology, Cygnus represents a swan and in Indian
mythology, Cygnus means a legend according to
Brahma, we hope our settlement also shine like Cygnus
and remain in the history of space.

CYGNUSPage 11

Style and structure are the essence of a

book.

Structural Engineering:
Hull Components:
Sphere
Main torus
Cylinders
Solar adaptors
Mini torus
Solar panels
Solar disc

CYGNUSPage 12

COMPRESSED STAGE

CYGNUSPage 13

EXPANDED STAGE
Lagrange points or liberation points
Placement of the settlement in space:
According to Joseph-Louis Lagrange, there are five other
locations around a planets orbit where the gravitational
forces and the orbital motion of the settlement, Sun and
planet interact to create a stable location from which to
make observations. These points are known as
Lagrangian or L points, after the name of louis
langrange.

Descriptions of Lagrange points

L1,L2,L3
A spacecraft at L1, L2, or L3 is meta-stable, like a ball
sitting on top of a peak. A little push to the settlement
will make the settlement move away.

L4 and L5
As seen from the Sun, the L4 and L5 points lie at 60
degrees ahead of and behind Earth, close to its orbit.
Because of the stability, objects such as dust and
asteroids, debris tend to accumulate in these regions.
At L4 or L5, a spacecraft is truly stable, like a ball kept in
a large bucket. When gently pulled out of place, it orbits
the Lagrange point without moving away.
We are planning to place our settlement at L4, as
L5 contain more debris in it .
CYGNUSPage 14

LAGRANGE POINTS

CYGNUSPage 15

TOP VIEW SYMMETRY

CYGNUSPage 16

VERTICAL SYMMETRY
Dimensions:
Sphere:
We wholeheartedly inscribe our sphere to Stephen
Hawkins. It consists Security systems, Communicational
units, transport inauguration, research labs, sensor
managing units etc

Area:
A = 4**r2
= (4*22*1*1) / 7
= 12.5 km2

Volume:
V = 4* *r3/3
= (4*22*1*1*1) / 21
= 4.20 km3

Layout of
sphere
Security systems
Communication
CYGNUSPage 17

Percentag
e (%)

Area
(sq.km)

20
20

1.42
1.42

units
Transport
inauguration
Research labs
Sensor managing
Total

15

1.06

25
20
100

1.75
1.42
7.07

Torus A:
We wholeheartedly inscribe this torus to Dr. APJ. Abdul
Kalam. This consists all the living, Agriculture and
recreation, Hospitals, Schools, Universities, Hyper
markets, Religious places like temples, churches and
mosques etc

Area:
A = (R2-r2)
Where R = major radius = 3.8 km
r = minor radius = 3.5 km
A = (R2-r2)
= 22[(3.8)2-(3.5)2]/7
= 22*2.19 /7
= 6.88km2

Volume:
V = Area*Height
= 6.88*0.25
CYGNUSPage 18

= 1.72 km3

Layout of
torus

Percent
age (%)

Area(m
2
)

Dwelling
Tillage (Agriculture)
Hospitals
Refreshment hubs
Patent parks(Public
parks)
Devout places
Shopping malls
River (or) lakes
Hotels
Others
Total

40%
25%
9%
5%
5%

2.26
1.41
0.50
0.28
0.28

4%
4%
3%
2%
3%
100%

0.26
0.26
0.17
0.11
0.17
5.7

Torus B1:
We wholeheartedly inscribe this torus to Neil
Armstrong. This consists of all the production units,
Business hubs for trade purposes.

Area:
A = (R2-r2)
= 22[(2.9)2-(2.6)2] / 7
= 22(1.65) / 7
CYGNUSPage 19

= 5.18 km2

Volume:
V = A*h
= 5.18*0.25
= 1.295 km3

Torus B2:
We wholeheartedly inscribe this torus to Buzz Aldrin.
This consists of all production units and Business hubs
for trade purposes.

Area:
A = (R2-r2)
= 22[(2.9)2-(2.6)2] / 7
= 22(1.65) / 7
= 5.18 km2

Volume:
V = A*h
= 5.18*0.25
= 1.295 km3

Torus C1:
CYGNUSPage 20

We wholeheartedly inscribe this torus to

Bhaskaracharya. It consists of industries of all kinds.

Area:
A = (R2-r2)
= 22 [(2.025)2-(1.775)2] / 7
= 22(0.95) / 7
= 2.98 km2

Volume:
V = A*h
= 2.98*0.25
= 0.745 km3

TORUS C2:
We wholeheartedly inscribe this torus to Arya Bhatta. It
consists of industries of all kinds.

Area:
A = (R2-r2)
= 22 [(2.025)2-(1.775)2] / 7
= 22(0.95) / 7
= 2.98 km2

Volume:
V = A*h
= 2.98*0.25
CYGNUSPage 21

= 0.745 km3

Cylinder (A1):
We wholeheartedly inscribe this cylinder to Yuri
Gagarin. It consists of recreational activities and
transportation.

Area:
A = 2**r*h
= (2*22*500*1000) / 7
= 22000000 / 7
=3142800m2
= 3.14 km2

Volume:
V = *r2*h
= 22*(500)2*1000 / 7
=785714285m3
= 0.75 km3
CYGNUSPage 22

Cylinder (A2):
We wholeheartedly inscribe this cylinder to
Varahamihira. It consists of recreational activities
and transportation.

Area:
A = 2**r*h
= (2*22*500*1000) / 7
= 22000000 / 7
=3142800m2
= 3.14 km2

Volume:
V = *r2*h
= 22*(500)2*1000 / 7
= 785714285m3
= 0.75 km3
CYGNUSPage 23

Solar adaptors:
We wholeheartedly inscribe this cylinder (solar
adaptors) to Rakesh Sharma, Valentina
Tereshkova, Kalpana Chawla & Sunitha
Williams. These are present in the mini torus (B1,
B2) which helps to conserve and adapt solar
energy.

Area:
A = 2**r*h
= (2*22*500*500) / 7
= 1571400m2= 1.5 km2

Volume:
V =*r2*h
= [22*(500)2*500] / 7
=392857143m3
= 0.4 km3

CYGNUSPage 24

Long Spoke:
Area:
A = 2**r*h
= (2*22*10*2500) / 7
= 0.15 km2

Volume:
V = r2h
=22*10*10*2500 /7
=5500000/7
=785714m3
=0.00078km3

CYGNUSPage 25

PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION

PHASE - 1

CYGNUSPage 26

PHASE - 2

CYGNUSPage 27

PHASE 3
CYGNUSPage 28

PHASE - 4
CYGNUSPage 29

PHASE -5
CYGNUSPage 30

PHASE - 6
CYGNUSPage 31

PHASE - 7
CYGNUSPage 32

Time required for construction.

CYGNUSPage 33

Phases

Time required

Phase-1

4 years

Phase-2

6 years

Phase-3

7.5 years

Phase-4

6 years

Phase-5

8 years

Phase-6

10 years

Phase-7

2 years

Total

43.5 years

Materials required for settlement

CYGNUSPage 34

Most of the materials that will be used for the

construction of settlement are readily available on the
surface of Mars and Asteroid belt and the materials
which cannot be synthesized within the settlement will
be brought from Earths Moon.
Our settlements outer wall is a multi layer of various
materials. Our settlements outer most layer is layered
with Kevlar-49 in the form of dimensioned tiles. The
next most layer is with regolith mixed water in equal
proportions of mass. To keep these materials un
damaged a thin layer of RTS adhesive will be put.
Titanium layer will be put to the wall to increase its
strength which will be followed by a couple of layers of

Alveolux FR-B-3020 (polyethylene foam) which

will help in absorbing and dispersing radiations due to
its hydrogen content. And then the innermost layer of
Ferro nickel alloy coated with aluminum.
The materials required for the
construction of Cygnus have high tensile strength, low
melting points, high boiling points and low conductivity.

CYGNUSPage 35

Material

Usage

Source

Ferro-nickel

Primary
construction
material
Sealing walls to
provide extra
protection
Solar panels,
electronics,
chips, to
manufacture
glass olivine
To make
transparent
walls of torii
Used as
effective
radiation shield
Impact resistant
outer tiles

Meteorites
Asteroids

Titanium
Silicate raw
material

Lead glass
Regolith
Kelvar-49

CYGNUSPage 36

Asteroids
Asteroids

Asteroids
Lunar soil
Metal alloys of
iron

Artificial gravity

F=maeq.1
F=mv2/r eq.2
ma=mv2/r
a= (2r/t) 2 *1/r
a= 4*(22/7)2*r2/t2*r
a= (4*22*22*2048)/7*7*90*90 (let
T=90sec)
= 3964928/396900
= 9.8ms-2

CYGNUSPage 37

Squash and proffer mechanism:

Squash and proffer means extensible and
compressible. Our structure expands and compresses
during the ambush of asteroid .In the first our structure
will be in the compressed stage and all the founts will be
concentrated in the main torus. But later on when the
population increases our structure will be expanded and
all the population in the main torus and the authorities in
other hull components of Cygnus

Advantages of squash and proffer

When our structure is expanded the solar energy will be
well deployed
Thrusters can well perform their function during the
squash and proffer
We can easily avoid the ambush of asteroid
There is significance given to the growth of population

Spokes In Compressed and Expanded

Stage
The spokes in compressed stage and expanded stage
are compressible extensible which is a model of antenna
.During the time of compression the spoke merges into
itself and expands during compression and expansion.

Solar adaptors:

CYGNUSPage 38

When solar rays fall on the solar panels, the solar energy
collected and adapted in the solar adaptors through
spokes

Advantages of it: These are used to conserve solar

energy in the case of depletable cases.

Thrusters and the use of black bodies:

We are planning for ion thrusters in Cygnus which emits
heat energy. This heat energy emitted is absorbed by
the black bodies which are present above the thrusters.
The heat energy absorbed by the black bodies is used
for industries.

Accommodation in Cygnus:
Our Cygnus can accommodate a population of 50,000
people.

Life span of human in Cygnus when

compared with earth:
When compared to earth a human lives more years in
Cygnus. Because there is less pollution in the space
settlement when compared to the Earth. By research
conducted by the scientists on the earth, proved that a
man in the modern world can live 66.6 years
approximately. Life span of a human is decreased by 10
years due to pollution, 5 years due to consumption of
un-nutritional food and 2.4 years due to other factors.
CYGNUSPage 39

But in Cygnus there will be less pollution when

compared with earth. So the life span of human in
Cygnus is 84 years approximately.

Basic life factors:

Atmospheric Composition
Substa
nce

Percent
age (%)

Amount
required(
m3)

Sourc
e

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
dioxide
Argon
Hydrogen
Others

78.08 %
20.94 %
0.0314 %

2.2 x 106
10.16 x 105
11.12 x 102

Earth
Moon
Earth

0.094%
0.00005%
0.0026%

2.2 x 104
2.44
63.17

Earth
Moon
Earth

Biodiversity
Agriculture:
Agriculture is one of the main factors for the survival of
man. Agriculture in space can be done by
Aeroponics
Hydroponics
CYGNUSPage 40

 Geoponics
Global warming agriculture

Aeroponics: It is a process of agriculture where the

air or mist is used as a medium for the sake of
production.

Hydroponicsis a subset of hydro culture and is a

method of growing plants using mineral nutrient
solutions, in water, without soil. Hydroponics is also a
standard technique in biology research and teaching.

CYGNUSPage 41

Geoponicsis a farming practice; refer to growing

plants in normal soil.

Global warmingagriculture: Thisis a method

used for growing plants of extreme hot conditions. A
dome like structure is build and plants are grown in it.
Methane gas is sent into the dome which helps for
growth of plants.

CYGNUSPage 42

Breeding of cows: As cows play an important role

in our life, we are thinking to breed cows in Cygnus.
From cows we get beef, dairy products etc but it is
very difficult to take more number of cows from earth to
Cygnus .So, in Cygnus to reduce the number of cows we
are planning for artificial insemination and super
ovulation techniques.

Artificial insemination: In this method, semen

(containing sperm) is collected under sterile and
hygienic conditions from the native cows and stored at
-196 c0 in liquid nitrogen. This is transported from earth
to Cygnus and in Cygnus we are taking only cows, so by
inducing that sperm into the ovum we can fertile the
ovum.

Advantages of it:
The transportation of cows can be reduced, as semen of
one bull is used for 3000 cows approximately
Increases the production of milk and beef.

Super

ovulation:

A hormone called serum

gonadotropin is induced into the animal which used to
release more number of ovum at a time. This process is
called super ovulation. After super ovulation the cow is
artificially in seminated and produces more number of
cows.

Advantages of it:
CYGNUSPage 43

 Cattle population is increased in less time.

Cattle can be produced in less area.
A large number of species can be reproduced from single
animal.

Water Management
Water is one of the basic and most essential
requirements for any human settlement. A human can
live without water for maximum 3days. Since a space
settlement can carry a finite amount of water hence it
becomes necessary to replenish and produce it. Various
chemical reactions and processes involving catalysts
shall be used to produce water.
Example:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Some processes are listed below:

Sabatier process:

This is one of the process for production of water in

which carbon di oxide combines with hydrogen gas to
form water and methane gas.
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O
The by-product of this reaction ,METHANE can be used
for a number of purposes such as propellants of aircrafts
CYGNUSPage 44

and for other industrial uses and also for global warming
agriculture.

With the iridium:

Hydrogen doesnt react with oxygen in general

conditions to form water but, in the presence of iridium
they combine with each other as it has the capacity to
increase the rate of reaction .Hence; iridium is used as
catalyst in the preparation of water.
2H2 + O2 2H2O

Ways to purify and recycle water:

Some of the main methods
CYGNUSPage 45

Solar ball:The solar ball is a water purification

device. Sunlight enters inside of the ball passing through

a transparent layer and evaporates dirty water, in the
other side of the ball water vapors get condensed and
form clean water.

[From Google images]

- Pre-chlorination:purifies the water from the

attack of algae and other bacteria.
CYGNUSPage 46

- Aeration: For removal of dissolved iron and

manganesein water

- Coagulation:Coagulation aids also known as

polyelectrolyte to
floc formation

improve coagulation and for thicker

- Sedimentation: For removal of suspended solids

called floc in water.
- Filtration: For removal of carried floc

- Disinfection:For killing bacteria

CYGNUSPage 47

- Reverse osmosis:For removal of molecules

larger than water

- UV rays:To inactivate microbes

- Solar distillation: This process uses sun rays for
evaporation of water.

Waste management
The best way to use the waste is to recycle it. Recycling
is a process to change useful materials into new
products to prevent the waste, reduce the consumption
of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, and reduce
pollution by reducing the need for convectional waste
disposal and lower green house emission as compared to
plastic production.
The types of recycling in Cygnus

Physical recycling
Chemical recycling
Plastic recycling

CYGNUSPage 48

From Google images

Docking in Cygnus:
Docking is the place where space crafts land. In Cygnus
docking is placed below the thruster that is in the last
torus as it is non rotating non pressurized.
Docking is of two kinds:
Internal docking
External docking

CYGNUSPage 49

Security
Cygnus should be a safe place for the
people residing in it?
Security plays a vital role for the protection of people in
Cygnus .So all the houses, recreational hubs, banks,
national buildings etc are secured by the following
security setups:

CYGNUSPage 50

Iris scanning
Security robots
Password verification
Finger scanning

Every house in Cygnus is contributed with finger print

scanner.
The finger prints of the family are saved in the scanner,
so that
The strangers will not enter the house.

Iris scanners and password verification systems are

present in Cygnus in banks, labs and official places
etc.. Whenever a code
Is wrongly typed alarms are given to alert the internal
organizations.
Security robots are like guards for houses on earth.
They help us to
CYGNUSPage 51

Safeguard the people of Cygnus.

Radiation shield
Extant radiation will include gamma rays, X-rays,
ultraviolet rays, neutrons, protons, pi mesons, energetic
ions and electrons, among others, and several types of
these radiation particles can be received simultaneously.
Each type of particle has its own energy transfer
characteristics and requires particular materials and
apparatus for radiation protection. Simultaneous receipt
of several types of such radiation makes it difficult to
protect the personnel and equipment without increasing
the mass of the protective apparatus beyond reasonable
bounds. Further, the dominant radiation can be
protected by radiation shield.
The radiation shielding system protects personnel
equipment from radiation particles. In one embodiment,
a first substrate is connected to a first array or
CYGNUSPage 52

perpendicularly oriented metal-like fingers, and a

second, electrically conducting substrate has an array of
carbon nanostructure(CNS) fingers, coated with an
electro-active polymer extending toward, but spaced
apart from, the first substrate fingers. An electric current
and electric charge discharge and dissipation system,
connected to the second substrate, receives a current
and/or voltage pulse initially generated when the first
substrate receives incident radiation. In another
embodiment, an array of CNSs is immersed in a first
layer of hydrogen-rich polymers and in a second layer of
metal-like material. In another embodiment, a one or
two-dimensional assembly of fibers containing
CNSs embedded in a metal-like matrix serve as a
radiation-protective fabric or body covering. The
patented radiation shielding system protects sensitive
electronic equipment from radiation damage.

Asteroid attack:
Our system is completely based on sensor technology.
Sensors play a vital role. Sensors receive the information
of asteroids and detect the attack of it and the data is
analyzed by the security control units.
Asteroids, Meteors and comets are the huge massive
rocks of space debris which are a part of space.
Sizes of asteroids are of three kinds:
Mini asteroids
Medieval asteroids
Major asteroids
CYGNUSPage 53

 When mini asteroids pass through Cygnus, photon sails

and magnetic torches are activated.
When medieval asteroids pass through Cygnus, laser
bees are activated.
When major asteroids pass through Cygnus, our
settlement compresses such that we can allow the
asteroid to pass.

Application of magnetic torch and laser bees:

When magnetic torches and laser bees are used, they
devast some part of asteroid. Asteroids are losing their
mass change their direction and the remaining pieces
cannot cause any destruction and will be used for mining
purposes.
How the settlement is expanded in the same manner the
settlement compresses too by which we can easily avoid
the attack of huge massive asteroids. The sensors help
us to detect the asteroids and make the settlement
compress.

CYGNUSPage 54

CYGNUSPage 55

CYGNUSPage 56

Communication
Communication is the one of the factor for man to
communicate with his fellow neighbor in a society.
Communication is extremely important for, Cygnus as it
is a means of keeping in touch with Earth, as well as the
miners on the moon and spacecraft. It is achieved by
two large arrays of antennae that transmit and receive
signals from Earth, the moon and near or distant
spacecraft. The array located is for communication with
the moon and near or distant spacecraft (ex. interstellar
probes, moon-station transport ships, etc.)Additional
antennae can also be found on the end faces of the
rotational vestibules.Sattelites play a major role for the
communication in Cygnus.

CYGNUSPage 57

Sound cannot travel through the vacuum of space, but

visible light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation
can. One of these forms is commonly called radio. The
people have devices in their houses or with themselves
which transfer the sound waves from their voices into
radio waves and transmit it to the ground .This is exactly
the same as how the radio in earth works. Radio waves
are often thought of as a form of sound because of their
use in this way, but radio waves are NOT sound waves they are a form of electromagnetic radiation analogous
to visible light, and therefore can propagate through a
vacuum

Transportation:
Transportation also plays a vital role in mans life.
Transportation in Cygnus is of two types

Extrinsic or external Transportation

Intramural or internal Transportation
External Transportation: This includes space
crafts for the transportation from Cygnus to earth and
other settlements.

CYGNUSPage 58

Internal Transportation:This includes trains, buses,

cars, motor vehicles for transportation internally in
Cygnus.

CYGNUSPage 59

CYGNUSPage 60

CYGNUSPage 61

Electricity

From
From
From
From

biogas
solar energy
urine
coal

From biogas: A large amount of manure from the

cattle in animal rearing will produce electricity.

From solar energy: The solar energy from the sun

is observed by the solar disc in the main torus. The solar
panels in B1 and B2 torus observe the solar energy and
adapt them in solar adaptors, which give as huge
amount of electricity.

From urine: the salts andminerals present in the

urine helps for the production of electricity with the help
of the microbial chip.

From coal: Electricity is also produced from coal in

Cygnus.

CYGNUSPage 62

Food chart

CYGNUSPage 63

Nutrition table:
Nutrient
s
Carbohydra
tes
Proteins
Spices

Oils and
fats
Total

CYGNUSPage 64

Materials
Fruits
Vegetables
Grains
Meat
Dairy products
Sage
Garlic
Cilantro
Cinnamon
Butter
Cheese
Olive oil

Amoun
t
64%
14%
8%

4%
100%

House plans
The adage of Cygnus is to furnish people with all the
commodities they want which give them an opulent life.

CYGNUSPage 65

CYGNUSPage 66

CYGNUSPage 67

House Requirements

The commodities that a person requires are:

Electronics
Laptops
Mobiles
A.C
Heaters
Geysers
Sofa sets
microwave oven
Refrigerators
Television
Fans
Beds
Home theaters
Dining tables

CYGNUSPage 68

Total number of
them
3
5
3
2
3
5
2
2
5
10
6
2
1

Hospitals

As we know God gave us life and doctor made us

live , hospitals play a vital role in Cygnus to provide
health care to people. Hospitals work 24 hours a day in
serving the people in Cygnus. Hospitals present in
Cygnus are provided with specialized doctors and
equipments. Some critical surgeries are done by medical
robots in the hospitals present in Cygnus. Some cameras
are arranged in roads so that hospitals can get
information about accidents. Ambulance present in
Cygnus consists almost of all the equipments present in
hospitals so that treatment is given to the patient who is
in critical conditions.

Schools
As we know Knowledge is Divine we have to assimilate
new things and should ameliorate our learning.
Attending schools is the best way to improve our
knowledge. School is a place where student comes there
to perceive new things
CYGNUSPage 69

Universities
Higher studies such as medicine, engineering etc, are
taught in universities. Different branches of studies are
taught
here.

CYGNUSPage 70

Recreation
Recreation is very utilitarian for human to relieve
mentally. Recreational activities bestowed in Cygnus to
entertain people which help to reduce stress. In Cygnus
recreational activities are allotted in Torus-A and
Cylinders-A and B.
Refreshment Hubs, Patent Parks, Devout Places,gyms,
Shopping Malls, Rivers and Lakes and Hotels are present
in Torus-A.
Stadiums, Amusement Parks, Multiplex Theaters, Hyper
Marts, Auditoriums, Space Tourism are present in
Cylinders A and B.

Patent Parks: Patent Parks are none other than

Parks. These parks are provided to equip mental peace.
In Cygnus parks are very serene. So, everyone can enjoy
it .Rides are provide in those parks to give entertainment
to children.

Devout Places: There are various religions in the

world. In Cygnus people belonging to different religions

CYGNUSPage 71

are present. So, in Cygnus there are several devout

places like temples, churches, mosques etc,

Shopping malls: Shopping malls are present in

Cygnus to issue provender required for people.
Everything what a person required is furnished in those
shopping malls.

CYGNUSPage 72

Rivers and Lakes: Rivers and Lakes are extant in

Cygnus. Fishes are grown in those rivers and lakes so
people in Cygnus enjoy fishing.

Hotels: Hotels are present in Cygnus to supply

delicious food with all type of cuisines for the people.

CYGNUSPage 73

Stadiums:

Stadiums

in

Cygnus

are

of

two

categories.

1) Indoor stadiums
2) Outdoor stadiums
Indoor games such as table tennis ,basket ball,
badminton etc,are played in Indoor Stadiums and
Outdoor games are cricket, foot ball ,rugby etc, are
played in Outdoor Stadiums .Tournaments are held once
in a year.

Stadiums:

CYGNUSPage 74

(From Google images)

Amusement Parks: Amusement Parks are present

in Cygnus to equip entertainment to its people. An
amusement park is the best holiday place. Everyone in
Cygnus enjoys the rides, parks, play grounds, swimming,
surfing and other events.

Multiplex Theatres: Now-a-days the best mode to

entertain people is Cinema. So, Cygnus contains two
multiplex theaters. There are 6 screens for each theater
movies of different languages are played in those
theaters to entertain people. Every theater in Cygnus
has a unique 3D projector to furnish best and
stereoscopic 3D effect. They are also furnished by
present Dolby-Atoms sound system for marvelous sound
effects.

CYGNUSPage 75

Space tour:
Space tour is another mode of entertainment. People
living in Cygnus can explore space and enjoy zero
gravity. Everyone enjoys the space tours.

Auditoriums: Auditoriums are which a group of

people are allowed to hear and watch performances
such as conference, community and political meeting
and also marriages.

CYGNUSPage 76

In general a myriad of seating variations have been

devised to allow an audience appreciate a performance
with in a theater or concert heart fully. Most make us of
tiered seating angle to give spectators an unobstructed
view of the stage. So, in Cygnus auditoriums have
balconies and seating behind the stage has been added
to maximize audience capacity.

Gyms:

CYGNUSPage 77

Government
Why Does Cygnus need a government?
CYGNUSPage 78

Government is a group of people who govern a state. So,

Cygnus needs a government to decree its people.
Government is divided into two categories.

Monarchy
Democracy
In Cygnus we are tacting for democratic government in
which people have corresponding rights. Democracy is
derived from Greek words demos means people and
kratia means rule. Literally means rule by the people.
In Cygnus governor acts as the chief of the government.
He is elected directly by the people where as ministers
are indirectly elected by the people by the governor.

Governor

Healthy minister
Educational minister
Finance minister
Agricultural minister
Minister of industries

Health minister: He is one who furnishes the

medical care to people and also establishes hospitals,
clinics etc.

Educational minister: He is one who marshals

schools, colleges, universities and executes competitive
exams to rehabilitate dexterity of the students.
CYGNUSPage 79

Finance minister:He is one who jurisdicts the

economy in Cygnus. He also accumulates tax from
people and uses it for evolution of our settlement.

Agricultural minister: He is one who flourishes

agricultural techniques. He also executes plans to swing
agriculture.

Minister

of

industries:

He is one who
inaugurates industries and look over them. He executes
new industries and industrial plans, policies for
developing industrial sector.

CYGNUSPage 80

CYGNUSPage 81

Robotic culture
Robots are specially designed electro-mechanical
machines that are guided by a computer programmer. In
Cygnus, robots provided, replaces human in performing
dangerous tasks and difficult works. The term Robot is
termed by the Czech play writer Karel Capek in 1920.
Robot can also be defined as an intelligent mechanical
device which is in the form of human.

Main elements of robots

1)
2)
3)
4)

Manipulator
End Effectors, Grippers
Controller
Power supplier

Types of robots
1)
2)
3)
4)

Serial type robots

Walking type robots
Mobile type robots
Parallel type robots

Serial type robots:Serial type robots are simple and

open chained structured. Their accuracy and pay load is
low and they need large work space.

Parallel type robots: They are closed chain and

complex structures. Their accuracy and payload are
high. They need less work space.

CYGNUSPage 82

Mobile type robots:They have wheels to move

around and mostly they are used in military and
exploration.

Walking type robots:These robots have legs which

are used to walk. Most humanoids belong to these types
of robots.

Application of robots in Cygnus:

Humanoid robots: They are robots with the body

which resembles human. Most humanoids have a torso,
a head, two arms, two legs. They are used in surgeries,
serving people and also for entertainment.

Industrial Robots:The robots provided in industries

to reduce human effort are known as Industrial Robots.
Using of these robots reduces time and increases the
production.

Field Robots:These types of robots are provided in

Cygnus to help its people in agricultural activities.

Filed Robots:These types of robots are provided in

Cygnus for security purposes. These robots also perform
dangerous and difficult surgeries in the hospitals present
in Cygnus.

CYGNUSPage 83

Service Robots:These types of robots are provided in

Cygnus to serve its people and are present in Houses,
Hotels etc

Skyba:
We have introduced a new type of robot which is based
on the idea of iron man. We are going to place mini
thrusters in the hands and legs of the robot so that it can
fly by the pressure exerted by the thrusters downward.

Uses of skyba:
It is used for mining activities.
It is used for testing Cygnus.

MINING:
Mining is essential thing to be done in space settlement
to get required materials which are used to build the
settlement etc In Cygnus we are thinking of lunar
mining, Earth mining, Asteroid mining, Mars mining,
CYGNUSPage 84

Comet mining etc Mining robots are provided in

Cygnus to perform mining activities.

Lunar mining: It Cygnus we are planning for lunar

mining. The minerals present in the moon are oxygen,
water and other materials which are used for
construction. The lunar regolith present in lunar soil is
converted in to the titanium, iron, silicon and calcium
which are used as construction materials.

Uses of minerals obtained from lunar

mining:
Titanium: It is used in preparation of space crafts,
settlement for replacement of hip joints, pipes etc
Iron: It is used in manufacturing of steel which is used
as a basic product of many machinery goods.
Silicon: It is used in preparation of glass. It is a
component of steel.
Calcium: It is essential for human nutrition. Calcium
compounds are used in making lime, bricks, cement,
glass, paint, paper, sugar, glazes as well as for many
other uses. It is also used as reducing agent.

Mining on Moon: Mining robots are sent from

Cygnus to the moon. These robots search a place where
there would be more amounts of minerals and start
digging in that place. We are planning for a mining
station on the moon. After completion of mining these
robots carry minerals and deposit them down in the
CYGNUSPage 85

mining station. Later these minerals are sent to Cygnus

by using space shuttles.

Asteroid mining: It is a type of mining. In Cygnus

we are planning for it. Some of the asteroids contain
carbon compounds and water.
The minerals present in asteroid are:
There are three categories of asteroids. They are:
C - type
S - type
M - type

C Type: These asteroids contain hydrogen, helium

and other volatiles.

S Type: These contain nickel, Iron, Magnesium.

M Type: These asteroids contain nickel and iron.
Other than these, they contain oxygen, gold, platinum
and water.

Uses of asteroid mining:

The metal ore on the asteroids could be mined and used
for building space craft and other structures for space
settlement.
They can also be used as potential for industries.
Some asteroids contain million tons of platinum and
cobalt.

CYGNUSPage 86

Mars mining: The materials present in mars are

magnesium, Iron, nickel, clay and silicate which can be
used in many ways.

Uses of minerals present in mars:

Clay containing honey comb monoliths is used in the
extraction of heavy metals.

Earth mining: Many metals are available in the

earth like gold, silver, cobalt, aluminum, nickel, iron, coal
and platinum etc

Comet mining: Comets contain water, carbon

dioxide, ammonia, methane etcThey also contain
titanium, nickel and iron. Comet mining is also a source
for water.

CYGNUSPage 87

CYGNUSPage 88

Mining machine

Business hub
Trade:
Cygnus follows trade to improve economic living of the
citizens present in the settlement. The trade in Cygnus is
done with the people living in Earth, raw materials; cows
etc are transported to the Cygnus from the Earth by
external transportation.
Types of industries in Cygnus:

Industries:
Automobiles
Consumer Durables
Energy
Chemicals
Industrials
Infrastructure
Metals
Textile
Services
CYGNUSPage 89

Automobiles
Sr
.

Industry
Name

Sr
.

Industry
Name

Automotive
Components
Cars and utility
vehicles
Commercial
Vehicles

Tractors

Two wheelers

Tyres

2
3

Chemicals
Sr
.
1
2

Industry
Name
Chloro Alkalis
Commodity
Chemicals

CYGNUSPage 90

Sr
.
3
4

Industry Name
Petro-chemicals
Pharmaceuticals

Consumer Durables
Sr
.
1
2

Industry Name

Sr
.
4
5

Industry Name

Sr.
1
2

Industry Name
Coal
Crude Oil

Sr.
4
5

Natural Gas

Industry Name
Power
Refining and
Marketing
Renewable
Energy

Coffee
Distillers &
Brewer
3
Household
Appliances
Energy

Sugar
Tea

Industrials
Sr.
1
2

Industry Name
Cement
Fertilizers

Infrastructure

CYGNUSPage 91

Sr.
3

Industry Name
Paper

Sr
.
1
2
3

Industry Name
Airport
Roads
Construction

Sr
.
4
5
6

Industry
Name
Ports
Telecom
Housing

Sr.
3

Industry Name
Steel Products

Sr
.
6
7
8

Industry
Name
Hospitals
Hotels
IT Services

Educational
Services

Metals
Sr.
1
2

Industry Name
Aluminum
Steel

Services
Sr
.
1
2
3
4

Industry Name
Airlines Services
Banking
Domestic flight
transportation
Retail

CYGNUSPage 92

Media &
Entertainment

Industries in Cygnus

Space suit:

CYGNUSPage 93

Credence to the people

CYGNUSPage 94

Taking a large population at a time to Cygnus

without having any guarantee of their lives is
dangerous. So before taking the people we
want to test the atmospheric composition on
Cygnus. To test the composition our
introduced robot skyba will go to Cygnus and
test the gases in the following manner.
Test for Oxygen:
Brief Description:
Skyba will be taking a piece of magnesium to test
oxygen.

Materials Required:
6-8 cm magnesium ribbon sanded to remove oxide
coating
Bunsen burner,
Charcoal grill lighter
Tongs

Explanation of Experiment:
The magnesium ribbon burns by combining with
atmospheric oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s)
Any combustion reaction requires oxygen and hence we
can conclude the presence of oxygen in air.
CYGNUSPage 95

Test for carbon dioxide

Goal:
Presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Cygnus.

Materials required:
Lime water
Beaker

Explanation of experiment:
Take some lime water in a beaker and allow the air to
pass through it. The lime water turns milky this proves
the presence of Carbon dioxide.
CO2 +Ca (OH) 2 CaCO3 + H2O

Test for Nitrogen:

As there is no direct method to prove the presence of
nitrogen, so by separating the components of air we can
conclude the presence of nitrogen as at 3ppm pressure
99.9% of nitrogen is released.

Test for hydrogen:

After separating air well test hydrogen as it puts off the
flame of Bunsen burner with pop sound.
CYGNUSPage 96

Test for water vapour:

The presence of water can be proved by a simple
experiment.
Take a glass vessel which is absolutely dry on the
outside. Put some ice cubes in it. Within a short time you
will observe that tiny droplets of a colorless liquid get
condensed on the outside surface. This occurs because
the air layer touching the outer surface of the vessel
becomes very cold and condenses the water vapour in it
to droplets.
Hence we can prove the presence of water vapour in our
Cygnus.

CYGNUSPage 97

Expense of Cygnus
Cost of Cygnus

$56254275
7327

CYGNUSPage 98

Compone
nts
Torus A
Torus B1
Torus
Torus C1
Torus C2
Cylinders
A1, A2
Solar
Adaptors
Solar
Panels
Solar Disc
Thrusters
Black
bodies
Spokes

Bibliography
We would thank the Nasa team for
providing us this wonderful opportunity
and we would also thank many websites
which helped us to submit the project
before you.
www.howstuffworks.com
www.nss.gov.in
www.sciencedaily.com
www.spacescience.com
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.yahooanswers.com
www.askme.com
www.livescience.com
www.scientificamerican.com

CYGNUSPage 99

DEMO GRAPHIC CHARTS

CYGNUSPage 100