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Digital Booklet - The Wizard of Oz
Digital Booklet - The Wizard of Oz
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Main Title
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Cyclone
(1:58)
Performed by the M-G-M Studio Orchestra and Chorus
Composed and/or Arranged by Herbert Stothart
Orchestrated by Murray Cutter
Recorded 5/6/39 and 7/9/39
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(:42)
Performed by Billie Burke and The Munchkins
METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER PICTURE
from the famous story by L. FRANK BAUM
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Screenplay by
Music by
Harold Arlen
Lyrics by
E.Y. Harburg
Musical Adaptation by
Herbert Stothart
Herbert Stothart
Associate Conductor
George Stoll
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quartet (:26)
Performed by Judy Garland, Ray Bolger,
Buddy Ebsen, and Bert Lahr
Music by Harold Arlen
Lyric by E.Y. Yip Harburg
Orchestrated by Murray Cutter
Recorded 10/11/38 and 7/9/39
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An Appreciation
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayers The Wizard Of Oz has been seen by more people
than any other entertainment in the history of the world. It was an Academy
Award nominee for Best Picture of 1939 and one of the Top 10 box office
attractions of that year. Since 1956 it has enjoyed an unprecedented 37 national telecasts in the United States and become an international television
favorite as well. Its home video sales to date top five million units.
Those are the facts. But theres a more heartwarming definition of the
films impact (and place in pop culture history). It is now virtually impossible
to say Dorothyor mention any of L. Frank Baums immortal creations
to anyone in America over the age of 20 months and not receive immediate,
happy recognition.
Back in 1939, M-G-Ms Oz was one of the
most expensive films of its day, costing over $3
million to produce, promote, and exhibit. It took
nine months of preproduction, five months of
filming, and four months of editing and scoring
to create the picture. At least five directors and
three choreographers worked to stage the action
and dances. Some 14 writers contributed to (or
provided counsel for) the scenario.
But its one of the understatements of
the twentieth century to note that the final result
was worth all the effort, creativity, and enthusiasm. What has ever been more memorable to
any child than Margaret Hamiltons overwhelming portrayal of the Wicked Witch? What has
caused more juvenile nightmares than the
Haley, Lahr, and Bolger achieved pop culture
immortality for their incomparable
Winged
Monkeys? What characters in literature
Ozian portrayals.
or life have ever been better companions than
the Scarecrow, Tin Woodman, and Cowardly
Lion? And who has ever encompassed believability, sincerity, joy, sorrow,
and song as well as Judy Garland as Dorothy?
The achievement of M-G-Ms Oz is not only unique but incomparable.
What with a public response that has grown stronger with each passing year,
decade, and generation, Oz and its legend seem unlikely to be surpassed in
longevity or popularity by any other motion picture. No other film approaches
its power to enchantor its power to command, excite, and maintain the
emotions, minds, and hearts of its viewers. The Wizard Of Oz provides a
remarkable opportunity to share joy, jubilation, and love.
The Music
The music of Oz was primarily the work of three men, although at least
nine others made substantial contributions as well. The songs for the picture
were the work of composer Harold Arlen and lyricist E. Y. Yip Harburg,
among the top Broadway and Hollywood craftsmen of the age. The
composition of the background score was done (and/or overseen)
by M-G-Ms legendary Herbert Stothart; heand his associate
George Stollalso conducted the orchestra for the Oz recording
sessions. (They were aided in writing, arranging, and orchestrating by George Bassman, Murray Cutter, Bob Stringer, Paul
Marquardt, Leo Arnaud, and Conrad Salinger; Roger Edens and
Ken Darby handled vocal arrangements for the cast.)
Oz producer Mervyn LeRoy and his associate Arthur Freed
instructed Arlen and Harburg to write an integrated score for
the film, which meant that all the songs were designed to tell the
audience something about the characters or advance the story
line. Stothart was asked to provide background music for virtualJudy Garland received a
ly the entire movie, so that every scene would be accompanied
special juvenile Oscar
for her work in Oz gleefully
by melody. (In the end, not all of the work done by Stothart and
presented by frequent costar
Mickey Rooney.
his associates was used, but they did compose and record a score
for almost the whole picture; their musiceven the outtakes
can be heard on The Wizard Of Oz/The Deluxe Edition [Rhino
71964; two compact discs].)
The genius and dedication of the Oz musical staff provided
both a classic and award-winning score. Arlen and Harburgs
Over The Rainbow was presented the Oscar for Best Song of
1939, and Stothart won another Academy Award for Oz for
Best Score.
The Main Title introduces several Oz melodies in an overture to the picture. As the story begins, a frightened Dorothy
Gale (Judy Garland) is running home from school; her dog, Toto,
has snapped at Almira Gulch (Margaret Hamilton), and the sour
neighbor has sworn revenge. But Dorothys Aunt Em and Uncle
Henry (Clara Blandick and Charley Grapewin) are too busy to listen to the
girls problemsas are the three farmhands, Hunk, Hickory, and Zeke (Ray
Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr). Aunt Em suggests that Dorothy find herself
a place where you wont get into any trouble, and the girl can only wonder
if there is such a place: Over The Rainbow.
Suddenly, Miss Gulch arrives at the Kansas farmhouse with a sheriffs
order allowing her to have Toto destroyed. Although the dog escapes and
sprints home to Dorothy, the girl realizes that theyll both have to run away.
They meet kindly Professor Marvel (Frank Morgan), who convinces Dorothy
that Aunt Em needs her at home. But before the girl can return, a tornado
swirls into view, and a flying window knocks her unconscious. Delirious, she
imagines the house aloft in the Cyclone as debris and neighbors float past
her windowincluding Miss Gulch, who abruptly turns into a witch on a
and theyre nearly to the Emerald City when the Wicked Witch poisons them
in a Poppy Field. But Glinda sends a magical snowstorm to save the day, and
the furious Witch flies off to intercept the travelers in person. Meanwhile, an
unseen choir offers their Optimistic Voices as a musical escort to the gates
of Emerald City. The company is welcomed by the Guardian of the Gate
(Frank Morgan in the first of five Emerald City incarnations); then a cabbie
(Morgan again) introduces them to the horse of a different color, offers the city
philosophy in song (The Merry Old Land Of Oz), and takes them to a little
place where you can tidy up a bit: the Wash and Brush-Up Co.
The quartet and Toto are again interrupted by the Witch as she skywrites
Surrender Dorothy overhead, and the palace soldier (Frank Morgan) offers
to announce such important visitors to the Wizard at once. Expecting their
requests to be granted, Dorothy and her friends are exultantespecially the
Lion: If I Were King Of The Forest. (This full version of Lahrs routine
includes the unused middle section and tag of the song. Buddy Ebsen is
again heard in the group singing.)
When admitted to the Wizards throne room, the
travelers are confronted by an enormous, disembodied
head (Frank Morgan). He vows to send Dorothy home
and provide a brain, heart, and courage for her friends
in return for the Witchs broomstick.
Horrified but determined, the wayfarers set off for the
Winkie Country. The Witch sends her winged monkeys to
attack them and capture Dorothy, Toto, and the ruby slippers. She even has an evil advance agenta little insect
designed to sting the company and send them into such an
exhausting dance that they wont be able to fight off the
monkeys. (This situation set up The Jitterbug routine,
sung and danced by the principals with the participation of
the trees of the Haunted Forest. The upbeat number broke
The musical genius of Herbert
Stothart provided unforgettable
the tension of the film plot and was ultimately deemed
accompaniment for some 100 M-G-M
inappropriate; it was dropped from Oz before release.)
films between 1929 and 1949.
Dorothy is imprisoned by the Witch, but the stalwart
Toto leads the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion to the rescue;
they are helping the girl escape when cornered by the Winkie Guards. When
the Witch sets the Scarecrow on fire, Dorothy throws a bucket of water to save
him. It also douses the Witch, who quickly melts awayand the elated
Winkies, free from her tyrannical bondage, present Dorothy with the broomstick. (Ding-Dong! Emerald City was another deleted musical number, led
off by the Winkies as they sing about the Witchs demise. On-screen, their
refrain dissolved into a scene back at the Emerald City, where 300 green-clad
villagers danced Dorothy and company back to the Wizards palace. Arranger
Ken Darby dubbed the test voice for the Winkie who begins this outtake [the
multivoice and background tracks for his stanza no longer exist], and the fullscale Emerald City choral rendition actually combines three Arlen songs.)
The Wizard of Oz is soon revealed to be a meek little humbug from Omaha
(Frank Morgan). Nonetheless, he satisfies the dreams of Dorothys companions
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and promises to take the girl back to Kansas in his hot-air balloon. But Toto
runs off after a cat, and the Wizard leaves alone. It takes Glindas presence
to reveal that Dorothy has always had the power to return home. Now she
realizes it herselfand that home is defined by the people you love and the
people who love you. After an emotional farewell with her friends, Dorothy
clicks the heels of her ruby slippers three times and repeats, Theres no place
like home. She wakes up in her own room to wonderingly recognize her
Ozian companions in Hunk, Hickory, Zeke, and the visiting Professor Marvel.
But best of all, she is there with Aunt Em, Uncle Henryand Toto, too.
(Delirious Escape includes the music for Dorothys return-to-Kansas
montage; it originally featured many more brief visions of her adventures in
Oz and is thus longer here than in the edited sequence used in the film.
Delirious Escape Continued underscored Dorothys Kansas reunion, and the
End Title accompanied the cast list with a final refrain of Over The Rainbow.)
John Fricke
John Fricke is the author of The Wizard Of Oz/The Official 50th Anniversary Pictorial History
(Warner Books/1989) and Judy Garland/Worlds Greatest Entertainer (Henry Holt/1992).
Steve Cox, Vicki Donnellan, Norma Edwards, Michael Feinstein, Mark Feld, George Feltenstein,
Allan Fisch, Patty Fricke, Nancy L. Hopkins, Craig Kamins, Michael Kerker, Andrea Kinloch,
Tod Machin, Rob Roy MacVeigh, Dick May, Roger Mayer, Colonel James E. Nitch,
Margaret Pellegrini, Scott Perry, William Rosar, Brent Phillips, Charles Shultz,
Daniel Smith, Herbert Stothart Jr., and Mary Beth Verhunce
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Produced by
and Bradley
Marilee Bradford
Flanagan
P&C 2012 Turner Entertainment Co. The Wizard of Oz and all related characters and elements are trademarks of and Turner Entertainment Co.
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