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0 Scope of Work
RAM CONSULTANT shall carry out RAM study to establish / predict the level of the
Reliability / Availability / Maintainability of the components for the 100 MBD DAS
FACILITIES UPGRADE PROJECT. RAM CONSULTANT will submit an assumption
report prior to start of work and get it approved from COMPANY through
CONSULTANT. RAM study report shall include, but not limited to, the following:
1. Identify the potential bottlenecks.
2. Estimate the on-stream availability of the units
3. Outline the planned and unplanned maintenance demands.
4. Predict the impact of equipment redundancy and sparing.
5. Develop optimum shutdown strategies.
6. Develop mitigation strategies for expected failure modes.
7. Perform preliminary equipment criticality analysis.
8. Optimise reliability by analysing wide range of scenarios that are critical from
1. reliability point of view.
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2.0 Approach and Methodology
2.3 Workshop
No workshop has been identified as being required for the project. The list of
equipment that shall be within the RAM scope shall be provided to COMPANY for
review and approval.
Output: List of equipment that will taken forward into RAM study
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3.0 Reliability Availability Maintainability Study
The failure rates reported in OREDA are based on the assumption that the failure
rate function is constant and independent of time (sometimes referred to as an
exponential distribution). This is appropriate as equipment is subject to regular
inspection and preventive maintenance which restores equipment to its original
state.
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a) Logistic delays associated with planning the task, obtaining permits to work,
waiting for personnel, tools or parts, etc.
b) Access time includes time for isolation, depressurisation and inerting as
appropriate.
c) Repair time spent diagnosing the problem and repairing or replacing the
failed item.
d) Testing the repaired equipment to confirm correct operation.
e) Restoration time required to bring the equipment back into service and
return to normal production levels.
OREDA 2002 contains repair time information in the form of an Active Repair
Time, which covers diagnosing, repair or replacement of the affected part, and
testing after assembly.
To this, additional time is added for preparation and finalisation, i.e., planning,
work permits, mobilisation of personnel, isolation, depressurisation, inerting and
bringing the equipment back in service.
The average times have been estimated using the following assumptions:
o An effective Permit To Work (PTW) system is in place
o Resources including manpower, tools, test equipment and spares are
assumed to be available when required and do not contribute to the
logistic delay
A full list of repair times for different equipment types will be presented.
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4.0 Avsim Computer Program
For the modelling and Monte Carlo simulation, Consultant suggest to use the
Availability Workbench 1.0.0.29, which includes AvSim 10.
Modelling features
There are no buffers incorporated in the model, therefore the exact value of the
standard deviation is theoretically not important to the result.
If a number of systems have redundant components installed, these redundant
components are modelled as ‘hot stand by’. In this mode the failure
characteristics do not change when the component is non-operational. This
approach for the model is consistent with the ‘calendar time’ data used for the
MTBF.
If multiple components of a group of parallel components fail, the capacity of the
installation is reduced according to the nominal capacity of the component. The
capacity of each of the components is for that purpose put into the model.
However, the efficiency effects on the capacity due to changes in the flows can
not be modelled. Examples; the output of 1 centrifugal pump is higher then 50%
of the combined output of 2 pumps placed parallel in the same system. Also, the
heat transfer in heat exchangers is influenced by changes of the velocities of the
flows through these heat exchangers.
The simulation of a system is done by generating and calculating the effects of
simulated ‘events’ that occur according to the element data in the model. An
‘event’ is anything that can change the state of a model or a group. The possible
states for an element are as follows:
o State 1Undergoing preventive maintenance
o State 2Being repaired following a failure
o State 3Failed but not detected (a dormant failure)
o State 4‘Up’ and passive (available, but not being currently used)
o State 5‘Up’ and active (being used)
The possible transitions between these states is shown in the figure below.
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Figure 5.1 – Element State Transition Diagram
The time spent by each element in these states and the resultant capacity
propagates through the groups which interact according to their rules and
S
configuration and allows the overall system availability and reliability to be
calculated.
When the data has been specified for, the model is run and simulates the process
running for a period of time. It averages the capacity of the process taking into
account random and common cause failures. This cycle is repeated many times
'Up'
to give an average capacity and hence the availability.
The availability of an individual element depends on both the reliability and the
maintainability and can be expressed as the ratio of ‘up time’ over total time:
MTBF
A=
MTBF + MTTR
Where the MTBF is the Mean Time Between Failures, and MTTR is the Mean Time
To Repair, including the mean logistic delay.
Output: RAM Report
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5.0 Cost Time Resources
5.1 Cost
Overall
No. Task
Cost
1 RAM Study $21,460
5.2 Deliverables
RAM Consultant will deliver the following:
o Data manual including assumptions, data sources, block diagrams
o Draft RAM Report
o Final RAM Report
• Resources
Task Name
RAM Study Mr. Kakade (Principal
Consultant – RAM)
CVs for the above personnel are presented in Appendix A.
• Payment Terms
70% upon submission of draft report.
30% on submission of final report.
• Validity
This proposal is valid for 120 days.
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