(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems.

Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013

Design and Development of GSM-Controlled

Electric Consumption and Monitoring System
Mirador G. Labrador, Miguel Lorenz D. Tabon, Al-Benyashier M. Sahhibal
College of Engineering, Samar State University
Catblaogan City, Samar Philippines, 6700

Abstract The present electrical energy consumption

monitoring is being done manually. The electric utilities have
keeps on going to each consumers house to conduct meter
reading and produce bills. This process provides inconvenience
both on the part of the consumer and power provider and in
most cases the mechanism leads to meter reading errors and
miscalculations of bills. In additions, control and monitoring is
inefficient and ineffective and as such, an effective and efficient
electrical energy savings mechanism could not be undertaken
both by the consumer and power provider. This paper addresses
the stated problems and aims to automate the said processes.
The system made use of the different electrical and electronics
components anchored to embedded system application and
development. The system provides real time calculations and
data transmission of electric energy consumption for an effective
control and monitoring mechanism and further provides a
mechanism that updates the consumer of their current
consumption from time to time.
Keywords Electric System Automation, Power Line
Communication, GSM-Based System, Embedded System, Power
Consumption Monitoring

I. INTRODUCTION
Automation brought about by technology has saved human
effort in accomplishing tasks and/or processes. It is somehow
hard to imagine how our lives would be if technology did not
exist which could perform task faster and efficient than
human. And as such, it is therefore imperative that
automation or technology integration in electricity utilization,
control and monitoring be applied considering the pressing
issues and problems on its supply, demand and production.
The present electric power utilization and monitoring is
found to be ineffective. Losses along distribution lines, overloading and pilferage which lead to energy wastage and
disastrous occurrences are common things that happen. These
problems in extreme cases ends up to unwanted incidences
such as fire, lost of life (due to electrocution) and in most
cases increase of electric power prize rate. Hence, the design
and development of an effective and efficient electric energy
meter and monitoring system is found to be an answer to the
said problems.
Further, electric utilities visit each house to do metering
system which requires longer working hour and human effort
for them to finish the meter reading and billing in a particular
area. Errors in calculation of readings and billing are common
issues that happen as well as maintenance, control and
management becomes a difficult task which leads to data
inconsistency and service inefficiency that results to conflict
between the consumer and power provider. Moreover,
manual process could lead to some malpractices carried out

by consumers either to reduce the power rate consumption or

for any other intentions.
On the other hand, the system is to be designed and
developed primarily to have an effective and efficient electric
energy meter with a provision of monitoring and control
mechanism on its processes. In specific the system is to be
designed capable of monitoring and control of electric energy
meter with the corresponding software and hardware
requirements and at the same time with a real time capability
in computing the power consumption which can be seen both
by the consumer and power provider and has a provision of
reminding the consumer of their present consumption and
other information and a provision for control and
management on the part of the provider.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Project Development
The Design and Development for Global System for
Mobile (GSM)) Controlled Electric Consumption Meter and
Monitoring System (GSM-ECMM) follows the Iterative
Four-Stages Approach in Designing Assistive Technology
Products and Devices (Hersh, 2010) which includes
requirement specifications (as user inputs), architectural
design, control algorithm design, database design, and user
interface design. The figure 1.0 shows the Architectural
layout-out of the GSM-ECMMS.
Considering its architecture, the study is concerns on the
development of GSM-Controlled Electric Consumption
Meter (GSM- ECM) which is to be installed on
client/consumer house premises as well as the development
of server based application program for control and
monitoring system of the said device. The figure also depicts
the required Information Technology Infrastructure such as
the GSM Infrastructure, the Short Messages System (SMS)
Infrastructure and the Computer System Server
Infrastructure. The server Infrastructure includes databases
system, control system and monitoring system
B. System Process Operation

Figure 2 shows the detailed system process

operation. It shows the entire process of the system.
The amount of electricity that enters into consumers
residence is automatically calculated and determined
by the GSM-ECM which has the following subcomponents as Alternating Current (AC), Power
Analyser, Relay Circuit, Liquefied Crystal Display (LCD)

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(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013

Module,
Microcontroller
Communication Module.

Circuits,

and

the

LCD Module for Household consumers reference and the

same data would be forwarded to GSM modem for
transmission to the Server. The PIC microcontroller
continually check also the GSM modem for any data received
from the server and analyse the same for activation of an
appropriate function which include control of relay for
automatic power line disconnection and/or reconnection.

Fig.1 GSM-ECMMS Architectural Layout

Real time Readings of this device would automatically be

forwarded to the Electric Company/Power Producer Server
and an automatic Database records update within the system
will takes place. The system also sends an SMS message to
the consumers registered mobile number regarding their
electric consumption and other messages as deemed
necessary such as alert messages for occurrences of
unwarranted events and other announcements relative to the
their power system subscription.

Fig.2 System Process Operation Diagram

C. System Design
1) Hardware Design: The hardware was designed
based on the GSM-ECM device internal structure as shown in
fig.3. The Programmable Integrated Chip (PIC)
microcontroller was programmed as a controller of all other
subcomponents of GSM-ECM. It will continuously receive
data from power analyser and computes its corresponding
amount. The result would be forwarded and displayed in

Fig. 3 GSM-ECM Internal Architecture

2) Software Design: Software Design includes both

embedded system program development and application
system program development with database application. The
embedded system program was designed in accordance to the
functions of the hardware system which primarily focused on
hardware control. The program was loaded into PIC
microcontroller. It has been coded and compiled in MikroC
Programming Language as well converted into hexadecimal
code equivalent using PiC Kit version 2 software
applications.
On the other-hand, the Application program is to be
designed using Visual Basic.Net Programming Language.
The different control and monitoring function of remote
system (server) for controlling the functionality of the GSMECM are all incorporated on this system which includes the
database records of all the consumers electric consumption,
consumers information, location, the status of their electric
meter and other functionality such as presence of power
overloading, and the possibility of pilferages. Also a
provision of information dissemination and reminders
mechanism to the consumer is also within the context of the
developed application program. The mechanism can be done
by sending messages to the consumer registered number with
regards to the status of their electric energy consumption, bill
payments, account due date, possibility of overloading,
pilferages and other issues and concern relative to their power
supply subscription.
D. System Testing and Evaluation
Testing and evaluation is limited to the functionality,
accuracy and reliability of the system. The system is
evaluated if the desired functions such as: auto calculation of
consumed electricity, sending and receiving of information to
and from remote server, remote activation and deactivation of
the electric meter device, remote connection and reconnection

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(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013
of meter device, reception of information from the meter
device, auto updating of records and databases and activation
of alarm signal or activation of an alert system for problems
occurrences.
The application program flow is being presented in fig.4.

System Functionality Criteria

No.
1

2
3

4
5

9
Fig. 4 Program Flow Chart

The evaluation of the system also includes comparative

power consumption reading analysis of the developed system
as compared to the computed Index of Error for electrical
power meter system. The computation of the Index of error is
based on Electric Meter Error Computation stipulated by
Stephen English and Dave Smith (2001) and compared to the
allowable index of error stipulated in the Australian National
Measurement Institute Metrological and Technical
Requirement (NM1 MG-1,2011). This has been undertaken
to ensure system accuracy and the same time ensure system
reliability.
The System functionality evaluation is limited and is based
on the functions of the system. The functionality levels were
analysed using the Likert Scale (Wuensch, 2005). The system
functionality criteria are shown in figure 9. In addition a
purposive sampling procedure in the determination of the
respondent has been utilized. In particular, respondents
technical knowledge in Information Technology and/or
Electronics Technology is the primary basis in identifying
them. In other words, system functionalities are validated
through experts validation. The system functionality criteria
are shown in table 1.
On the contrary, the evaluation did not cover software
design evaluation which includes but not limited to program
codes evaluation, Graphical User Interface (GUI) design
evaluation as perceived by other experts and the system user.

10
11

Functionality Criteria
Transmission and Reception (Rx and Tx) of Data Between
the developed GSM-ECM device and the remote central
server
Real-time determination and calculation of consumed
electricity
Auto-activation of alarm indicator for the occurrence of
power loading, possible pilferage occurrence, power
disruption, and other power problems.
Remote-control operation of power line disconnection
and/or reconnection
Automatic Database Record update such records as electric
power consumption and its corresponding amount, Payment
date, power line disconnection date, payment over due date,
and other consumers information relative to their power line
subscription
Automatic daily SMS message reminder sent to the
consumer registered number about their updated consumed
electric energy and its corresponding amount
Automatic alert SMS message sent to the consumers
registered number about the status of their account payables
such as account due date and disconnection date
Automatic SMS message sent to the consumer registered
number occurrences of power overloading, possible
pilferage, and other power line problems along their power
line connection for their immediate attention and/or solution
Announcement SMS message sent to the consumer
registered number such announcement as power disruption
due to maintenance and other disruption as caused by fire,
typhoon and other calamities/activities that warrant power
disconnection
Provision of remote power line disconnection/reconnection
as stipulated in item 6 to 9
Real time display of consumed electricity and its
corresponding amount in the developed GSM-ECM

The developed GSM-ECM utilizes different components

such as microcontroller, LCD module, relay circuits modules,
device power supply module, communication module, and
power analyzer module.
The microcontroller module acts as the brain of the entire
system. It handles and controls all the processes and
interactions within the system. As a result, PIC18F4450 had
been found to be the most appropriate PIC for GSM-ECM
device considering the memory space requirement of the
developed embedded system program as well as the hardware
requirements of the device itself.
The resulting microcontroller circuit is shown in figure 5.
The said circuit is being simulated in Proteus ISI Professional
V7 SP1 software environment. Proteus ISI professional is an
Application Software used in simulating designed circuits.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. GSM-Controlled Electric Consumption Meter
The outcome of the system following the methods
delineated in chapter 2 is the developed GSM-ECMMS
which comprises of GSM-ECM and the Server based Control
and Monitoring Application Program.
Fig. 5 GSM-ECM Circuit Layout

TABLE I

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(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013

As generally describe, the device has an LCD module used

for displaying the consumed electric energy and the
corresponding payable amount (in a real time settings) which
can be access by the consumer itself. This mechanism allows
the consumer to be updated of his/her electric consumption
and payables which might trigger the consumer to conduct
electric power conservation and economy measure.(Peterser
et. al., 2007). For this particular device a 4x20 LCD module
as shown in figure is being utilized. Though there are several
types of display modules available on the market but based
on the requirement analysis of the system this type of display
module is the most appropriate considering that the
information that are being displayed are the real-time
consumed electric energy and its corresponding amount to
which the total number of characters can be accommodated
by the said module. Also circuit layout of the said LCD
module had been found to be compatible and easy to be
integrated into a PIC microcontroller.

sections along this line and the consumers connected on each

section. Though this study is concerned only on real-time
determination and calculations of the consumed electric
energy and the associated control and monitoring mechanism,
however, figure 8 provides more than enough information
and control mechanism not presently required in the system
operation.
Considering the present power line distribution,
transformers are used to step down the Voltage in the primary
line before it is supplied to the secondary line where the
consumers power lines are connected as being represented
and shown by figures in figure 8. Each main section where
transformers are located, a GSM-ECM device can also be
incorporated but for this case, its functions is to monitor the
electric consumption along that section and an appropriate
control and monitoring mechanism can also be incorporated
as shown in figure 9.

Fig.6 4x20 LCD Module

The system made use of GSM module as its

communication module. This particular module transmits and
receives information from and to the Server Application and
microcontroller circuit. For this project, a GSM/GPRS Model
340 GSM Module is used as shown if figure 7.

Fig. 7. GSM/GPRS Model 340 Modem

The relay circuit and device power supply circuit modules

are designed and implemented adapting the common design
standards stipulated in Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory
Reference Book by Boylestad and Nashelky (2009) and other
published Electronic Books.
B. Server Based Control and Monitoring System
The Visual Basic.Net Programming Language was
specifically used in the design of the Control and Monitoring
System. It made use also of the MySQL Database as its
Database platform. Following the flowchart diagram of the
system, the different GUI interfaces has been generated
coupled with a program code.
The main form page was shown in figure 8. The form
reflects the entire power distribution line, the different

Fig. 8 Power Line Distribution and Alarm Indicator

A light indicator inicates occurrence of problems within a

section or within a consumer power line. When it occurs a
system user may just click the specified section and a detailed
information would be displayed on that section as well as the
necessary control mechansim that could be executed as
shown in figure 9.
The same process can be done if errors or problems arises
on the powerline connection of a consumer. A detailed
Information and Control Mechanism is shown in figure
10.Incorporated to the page form of figure 10 are program
codes that automatically forward an SMS message to the
consumer registered number the present elctric consumption
and its corresponding amount on a daily basis. And an
additional SMS messages would be sent by the system as
deemed necessary for the occurrence of problems such as
power overloading, pilfirage and other announcement or
information such as power disrruption and or disconnection
as triggered by unwanted incidents such as fire, natural
calamities and other problems.
Alarm indicator are triggered not only by power supply
distribution system problems but also by the internal program
process such as non-payment of overdue account and power
overloading.

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(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013
the entire time trials. The accuracy index of error is compared
to that of accepted allowable accuracy index as stipulated in
methodology. Table 3 shows the computed Index of Error for
each test period.
TABLE III
Computed Index of Error over period of Time

Test
Trial
1
2
3
4
5
Average
Fig.9. GUI for each power line section Control and Monitoring

Computed Index of Error per Trial over a period of

Time
1 hr
2 hrs
3hrs
4hrs
5 hrs
average
+1.03
+0.51
+0.07
+0.40
+0.03
+0.41
-0.51
-0.74
+0.09
+0.26
+0.02
+0.32
+0.51
-0.26
+0.02
+0.24
+0.04
+0.21
+0.77
+0.26
+0.00
+0.12
+0.03
+0.24
-0.10
-1.26
+0.05
+0.16
+0.01
+0.32
+0.58
+0.61
+0.05
+0.24
+0.03
+0.32
*Allowable Accuracy Index of Error < 1.5

It can be noted that all computed index of error in all trial

period are always less than the allowable accuracy index of
error which is (plus or minus) 1.5. The mean average index of
error for each test trial is shown in table 4 and the average
mean index of error for each time period is shown in table 5.
It can be deduced based on the summary of results as
reflected in table 4 that the average computed index of error
is 0.23 which is less than the allowable accuracy index of
error which only means that the device readings are more
than accurate enough. In addition, the highest computed
degree of error occurs during the initial testing which can be
attributed to some device problems during the initial testing.
But generally data shows that it is sufficient enough to say
that the device is accurately operating.
TABLE IV
Average Index of Error per Test Trial
Fig.10. GUI for the Control and Monitoring for each Consumer Power Line
Connection

C. Testing Result and Evaluation

1) System Device Accuracy and Reliability: System
Device Accuracy analysis has been undertaken to ensure
system validity. As indicated in the methodology,
comparative data analysis of computed electric power
consumption over the actual measured electric energy
consumption was undertaken. The results of actual load
consumption are reflected in table II.
TABLE II
Measured Electric Consumption over a period of time in Kilowatt-Hour

Test
Trial
1
2
3
4
5

Measured Electric Consumption Over a period of

Time in Kilowatt-hours
1 hr
2 hrs
3 hrs
4hrs
5hrs
1.970
3.928
5.854
7.831
9.753
1.990
3.871
5.855
7.820
9.752
1.960
3.890
5.851
7.819
9.754
1.965
3.910
5.850
7.809
9.753
1.897
3.851
5.857
7.813
9.691

The GSM-ECM device accuracy testing was done using a

controlled device with a fix load. An electric consumption of
the controlled device has been pre-computed over a period of
time and the accuracy index of error is then computed.
The accuracy index of error for each trial period
corresponding to each time trial period has been determined
and compared to the allowable degree of error for the GSMECM device, and the mean accuracy index is determined for

Trial Number
1
2
3
4
5
Average

Computed Index of
Error
0.41
0.32
0.21
0.24
0.32
0.23

Table V shows the Computed Index of Error per time trial

period. As reflected on the table the overall average index of
error is 0.36 which is less than with that of the allowable
accuracy index of error for the electric meter. Hence, it
affirms also the results and the corresponding analysis of
table IV.
TABLE V
Average Index of Error per Time Trial Period

Time Trial
Period
1 hour
2 hours
3hours
4 hours
5 hours
Average

Computed Index of
Error
0.58
0.61
0.05
0.24
0.30
0.36

2) System Functionality: The system functionality has

been verified and validated with the use of the developed
system functionality questionnaire. Results are reflected in
table 6.

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(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013
2.

TABLE VI
System Functionality Evaluation Result

No.
1

2
3

4
5

10

11

Functionality Criteria

Functionality
Level
Transmission and Reception (Rx and Tx) of Data 4.8
Between the developed GSM-ECM device and the
remote central server
Real-time determination and calculation of 4.8
consumed electricity
Auto-activation of alarm indicator for the 4.9
occurrence of power loading, possible pilferage
occurrence, power disruption, and other power
problems.
Remote-control operation of power line 5.0
disconnection and/or reconnection
Automatic Database Record update such records as 4.8
electric power consumption and its corresponding
amount, Payment date, power line disconnection
date, payment over due date, and other consumers
information relative to their power line
subscription
Automatic daily SMS message reminder sent to the 4.8
consumer registered number about their updated
consumed electric energy and its corresponding
amount
Automatic alert SMS message sent to the 4.8
consumers registered number about the status of
their account payables such as account due date
and disconnection date
Automatic SMS message sent to the consumer 4.8
registered number for occurrences of power
overloading, possible pilferage, and other power
line problems along their power line connection for
their immediate attention and/or solution
SMS message announcement sent to the consumer 4.8
registered number such announcement as power
disruption due to maintenance and other disruption
as caused by fire, typhoon and
other
calamities/activities
that
warrant
power
disconnection
Provision
of
remote
power
line 5.0
disconnection/reconnection as stipulated in item 6
to 9
Real time display of consumed electricity and its 5.0
corresponding amount in the developed GSMECM
Average 4.9

The computed weighted mean for each criterions as

reflected in table have been interpreted using 5 point Likert
Scale (Wuensch, 2005) as follows: very functional,
functional, moderately functional, poorly functional and not
functional at all.
As reflected on the table the computed functionality level
in all criterions ranges from 4.8 to 5.0 which can be
interpreted that system is very functional as observed and
tested by Information Technology Experts/ Electronics
Technology Experts. The results further validate the accuracy
and reliability level of the entire system based on system
accuracy evaluation. Anchored with projected system
operations and performance stipulated in chapter II, the
following summary of system operations are achieved:
1. The transmission and Reception of data between the
developed GSM-ECM and remote server is very
functional with a weighted mean index of 4.8;

Real-time determination and Calculation of Consumed

Electricity is very functional with a weighted mean
index of 4.8;
3. Auto-activation of alarm indicator for the occurrence
of power over-loading, possible pilferage, power
disruption, and other power system problems is very
functional;
4. Remote Operation of Power line disconnection and/or
reconnection in certain power line section as well as
consumers specific power line connection is very
functional with a computed mean of 5.0;
5. Automatic Database Record update of a server based
application which includes payment date, power line
disconnection date, payment overdue date, and other
information relative to power line subscription is very
functional;
6. Automatic daily SMS message reminder sent to the
consumer registered number about their updated
consumed electric energy and its corresponding
amount is very functional. This mechanism will allow
the consumer to conduct electricity conservation
measures and undertaking as claimed by Peterser
(Peterser, 2007);
7. Automatic alert SMS message sent to the consumers
registered number about the status of their account
payables such as account due date and disconnection
date as deemed required and necessary is very
functional;
8. Automatic alert message sent to the consumer
registered number for occurrences of power
overloading, possible pilferage and other power line
problems along their power line connection for their
immediate attention, verification and solution,;
9. SMS message announcement sent to the consumer
registered number such announcement as power
disruption due to maintenance and other disruption as
caused by the presence of fire, typhoon and other
calamities/activities that warrant power disconnection
is very functional;
10. Provision of remote power line disconnection and/or
reconnection as stipulated in item 6 to 9 if necessary is
very functional;
11. Real time Display of consumed electricity and its
corresponding amount in the developed GSM-ECM.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In this study, the Visual Basic.Net and MySQL Database
are integrated in the design of microcontroller based GSMECM and Server Based Application Program are found to be
effective, accurate and very functional as indicated and
reflected on the result of system Testing and Evaluation. The
system therefore can be considered as a new technological
innovation in Electric Power Automation.
With its high accuracy level and functionality level the
system is recommended for application and adaption for any
Electric Consumption Monitoring Activities and in any
Power Line automation system, provided that a pilot testing
be undertaken prior to actual utilization.

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(IJEECS) International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Vol: 16 Issue: 02, October 2013
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to extend their earnest gratitude
to the persons who contributed to the success of this study.
Without them this study would have not been made possible.
To Dr. Felisa E. Gomba, VP for Planning Research and
Extension, Samar State University for the encouragement and
support.
To Dr. Ronald L. Orale, Director Research and
Extension, Samar State University for sharing his expertise
and for the comments and suggestions.
To Engr. Ma. Lourdes P. Amante, Dean College of
Engineering, Samar State University for the unwavering
support, assistance and guidance to the researchers.

[8]

[9]

[10]

Mirador G. Labrador, was born in Calbayog

City, Samar Philippines on March 2, 1981. A
graduate of Bachelor of Science in Computer
Engineering,
Completed
the
Academic
Requirements both for Master of Science
Teaching - Mathematics (MAST-Mathematics)
and Master of Science in Information
Technology (MSIT).

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A Program Head and Full time Faculty of the College of Engineering, Samar
State University, Philippines from 2006 to present. A Full time Information
Technology Lecturer in System Technology Institute from 2004 to 2006,
serve also as Technical Laboratory In-Charge and Facilitator in the same
institution. Serve as a part time lecturer at Northwest Samar State University,
Calbayog City from 2003 to 2005. An Accreditor/Consultant for Computer
Hardware Servicing which assess the skills and knowledge of examinee in
areas of computer networks, computer repairs and maintenance, and
maintenance and repair of computer peripherals of Technical Skills and
Development Authority (TESDA) Philippines.
Engr. Mirador G. Labrador is a member of the Institute of Computer
Engineers of the Philippines (ICpEP), A member of Circle of
Accridetor/Consultant in Information Technology, Technical Skills and
Development Authority, Philippines and a Member of Employees
Organization, Samar State University.

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