By master: Mohamed talaat sayed

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Matter
construction
Matter consists of small units is called molecules
Matter consists of molecules consists of atoms
The molecule: it`s the smallest part of matter which can exist in a free
and keep the properties of matter.
The properties of the molecules of matter:
1 They are in a state of continuous motion.
2- There are intermolecular spaces between the molecules.
3 there are attraction forces between them.
G .R / 1- A drop of ink spreads through water?
Because the molecules of ink are in state of continuous motion in all
direction between water molecules.
2 the volume of mixture of water and alcohol is less than the sum of
their volumes before mixing?
Because some molecules of alcohol occupy the intermolecular spaces
between water molecules.
3 you can`t break the piece of iron into small parts by your hands?
Because they are strong attraction forces
between iron
molecules.
SOLIDS :
are characterized by
1 narrow intermolecular spaces
2- strong intermolecular attraction forces

NOTE ) a-

By master: Mohamed talaat sayed

mob : 0110235058

So the molecules of solid matters are fixed in their positions.

And have definite shape and volume.
B ) liquids : are characterized by
1 intermediate intermolecular spaces.
2 weak intermolecular forces.
So they have definite volumes but indefinite shapes.
They take the shape of container when they are put.
C) GASES: are characterized by
1 Very large intermolecular spaces
2- Very weak intermolecular forces
So the molecules are free and have indefinite shapes and volumes.
G. R) 1 solids have definite shapes and volumes?
2- Gases have in definite shapes and volumes?
THE CHANGE OF MATTER STATES
Any matter exists in three state solid, liquid and gas.
1 MELTING: it`s the change of matter from the solid state to liquid
state by heating.
G, R): heat changes matter from the solid state into liquid state.
Because when a solid substance is heated (gains heat of energy)

intermolecular

1 the velocity of its molecules

increases to
overcome the
intermolecular forces and

Spaces increase leading to the change of matter from solid to liquid.

By master: Mohamed talaat sayed

mob : 0110235058

VAPORIZATION: it`s the change of matter from liquid state to gaseous state by
heating.
G. R) heat changes matter from the liquid state to gaseous state?
Due to when a liquid substance is heated to its boiling point
The velocity of molecules increase so some of them overcome the
intermolecular forces and intermolecular spaces increase, so they escape in
the vapour form.
G. R) the molecules of different substances differ in their properties?
Because they differ in their chemical structure.
THE KINDS OF MOLECULES

They are three types of molecules

A) ELEMENT MOLECULE.
What is meant by
element?
Element: it's the simplest pure form of matter which can`t be analyzed
chemically into simpler form.
Element molecule may be
1 monatomic: it`s molecule consists of one atom as Fe, Na, Hg (liquid element),
noble gases as helium neon, argon, krypton, xenon.
2 diatomic: it`s one molecule consists of two atoms as N2, H2,
3 Tri atomic: it`s one molecule consists of three atoms as ozone
B) THE COMPOUND MOLECULE:
which is
atoms of two or
more different elements with

It`s a substance
formed from
combination of

By master: Mohamed talaat sayed

Constant weight rations. As water

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sodium chloride

ammonia

G. R: 1- BROMINE (liquid element) is diatomic element molecule while mercury

is monatomic element molecule?
2 Water is compound molecule?
3- Ozone tri atomic element molecule
Q: compare between bromine and mercury?