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I.
INTRODUCTION
The three basic mechanisms of radio propagation are
attributed to reflection, diffraction and scattering. All three of
these phenomenon cause radio signal distortions and give rise
to signal fades as well as additional signal propagation losses
[1]. When establishing any radio or wireless system, it is
necessary to consider the unique features of the propagation
environment and also to have good knowledge about the
parameters that give rise to signal loss. For accurate design,
coverage of modem cellular networks and signal strength
measurement will be considered as source of data, in order to
provide reliable and efficient coverage locality [2].
The coverage area is the total area covered by a radiated
signal from any global system for mobile communication
(GSM) network provider. In a cellular system, the
communication between the GSM radio station and the mobile
phone is bi-directional. However, the system is designed so
that if there is sufficient signal strength at the mobile phone
from the Base station, then there is also enough signals from
the mobile station to the base station [3,4]. A mobile phone is
said to be in coverage, if the signal at the mobile phone from
then Base station is sufficient to place and maintain a call [4,5].
Sometimes the mobile unit (MU) experiences no network
within this coverage area due to failure of a successful
communication link between the base station (BS) and the
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III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to the international acceptable standard of
RSSL, a test point is said to have good coverage when the
RSSL (dBm) at that test point is greater than -93dBm [11].
The average of the RSSL (dBm) taken for each test point and
the coverage level (%) of each network provider are calculated
from equations (1) and (2) respectively.
Average RSSL = RSSL / N -------------------------- (1)
CL (%) = NTPGC / TNTP 100% ------------------- (2)
Where N is the number of RSSL measured,
NTPGC is the number of test points with good coverage and
TNTP is the total number of test points.
Analysis of Coverage Level for May to August 2014
From table 1
TNTP is 41, which is the total number of test points for the
period of the investigation.
Net A (NTPGC) = 33
Net B (NTPGC) = 38
Net C (NTPGC) = 32
Net D (NTPGC) = 36
.`.
CL (%) for Net A = 33/41 x 100% = 80.46 %
CL (%) for Net B = 38/41 x 100% = 92.68 %
CL (%) for Net = 32/41 x 100% = 78.04 %
CL (%) for Net D = 36/41 x 100% = 87.80 %
The coverage level of Net A, Net B, Net C and Net D for the
period of investigation are 80.46%, 92.68%, 78.04 % ,
87.80% respectively.
Analysis of Coverage Level for September 2014 to
December 2014
From table 1
TNTP is 41, which is the total number of test points for the
period of the investigation.
Net A (NTPGC) = 36
Net B (NTPGC) = 39
Net C (NTPGC) = 37
Net D (NTPGC) = 36
.`.CL (%) for Net A = 36/41 x 100% = 87.80 %
CL (%) for Net B = 39/41 x 100% = 95.12 %
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Fig. 5 Analysis of the Average Coverage Level from May 2014 to April 2015.
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Fig. 6 Combine Coverage Level Plot for Operators from May 2014 to April 2015 and the mean coverage level for the operators
IV.
CONCLUSION
The result of this investigation shows that no single
network provider gave an excellent coverage for the period of
the investigation. However, Net B offered a very good level of
coverage and quality of service compared with Net A, Net C
and Net D during the period of the investigation. The quality
of services provided by the network provider generally needs
improvement. It was also observed that Net A, Net C and Net
D experience more periods of no signal (no network) and
fluctuations of signals within the period of the investigation.
In order to ensure a better coverage and a better quality of
service, Net A, Net C and Net D need to increase the number
of their Base Stations to ensure a satisfactory service to its
subscriber.
REFERENCES
[1]. http://www.sss-mag.com/indoor.html2015
[2]. Rakesh .N. and Srivatsa, (2013). A study on path loss
analysis for GSM mobile networks for Urban, Rural and
Suburban regions of Karnataka state. International journal
of distributed and journal parallel system (IJDPS) 4(1)
[3]. Peter F.D. (2000). Prediction of Multipath Delay Profile in
Mountainous terrain. IEEE journal on selected areas in
communication. 18(3): 336 346.
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