Diseo de Sistemas Elctricos I:

Residencial y Comercial
Dr. Lionel R. Orama Exclusa, PE
enero de 2006

Introduccin al Diseo
I.

Qu es diseo?
A.
B.

Trabajo en equipo (arq., inci, inme, inel)

Interesante, pero con complicaciones
1.
2.
3.

C.
D.
E.
F.
18-Jan-2006

el papel aguanta todo

el campo no
la sociedad tampoco

Limitaciones (constraints) que cumplir

Certificado por Ingeniero Licenciado
Existen Cdigos y Reglamentos
tica
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Puerto Ricos Laws

Electrical Design must be certified by a
licensed engineer
Graduate from a Credited University
Board Exams (revlida) must be approved
Fundamental, Professional
Active Member of CIAPR
Two years of supervised engineering
experience
The design must comply with:
National Electrical Code (NEC)
Reglamento Complementario al Cdigo
Elctrico Nacional (AEE)
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Proceso de Diseo
II. Proceso
A.

Propuestas de diseo, arq. Solicita costos de

electricidad para el proyecto
En general, INEL ltimo en comenzar y terminar
una vez se aprueba la propuesta
La AEE tiene que Endosar el proyecto

B.
C.
1.
2.

Si la carga computada >50kVA (200A)

Pasos para solicitar endoso
a.
b.
c.

Estudio de campo; lneas y voltaje disponibles

Proyectos grandes, estudio de corto circuito
Punto de conexin, donde se conectaran las lneas del
edificio con las de la AEE
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Electrical Design for Buildings

Electrical systems do not exist on a vacuum
They are part of a product, a sub-system of an
equipment or an structure

In this course we will confine ourselves to

design of electrical systems for buildings
Residential - small and large dwellings units, multiple
dwellings (apartments)
Commercial general purpose units, offices, dining
Industrial basic, light industrial facilities

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El diseo en s
A.

Computo de cargas
1.
2.

Tablas para estimados (RS Means-Electrical Cost Data,

otros), para propuesta
Por diseo, utilizando como gua el NEC

B. Circuitos ramales de iluminacin

C. Circuitos ramales de receptculos
D. Circuitos ramales para cargas de potencia
1.
2.
3.

E.
F.

Acondicionadores de aire
Elevadores y escaleras automticas
Otros, equipos de cocina, etc.

Alimentadores y paneles de distribucin

Subestacin y bases de contadores
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National Electrical Code (NEC)

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) &
the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) regards the Code as purely advisory
States make it mandatory i.e. it becomes Law
with the exceptions, provisions, clarifications
that the State decides to adopt, hence the
Reglamento Complementario al Cdigo
Elctrico Nacional in Puerto Rico
Can be difficult to read and understand
Reading the NEC from beginning to end is worst
than reading a dictionary from beginning to end
20-Jan-2006

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NEC Article 90 - Introduction

90-1 Purpose
a) Practical Safeguarding. The purpose of the
code is the practical safeguarding of persons
and property from hazards arising from the
use of electricity
b) Adequacy compliance (with the Code) and
proper maintenance will result in an
installation free from hazard but not
necessarily efficient, convenient or adequate
for good service or future expansion of
electrical use.
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National Electrical Code

Article 90 - Introduction
90-1 Purpose
c) Intention. This Code is not intended as a
design specification nor an instruction
manual for untrained persons.
90-2 Scope
a) Covered
1. Installation of electric conductors and equipment
within or on public and private buildings or other
structures (mobile homes, recreational vehicles,
floating bldg, yards, carnivals, parking, other lots,
and industrial substations.
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National Electrical Code

Article 90 - Introduction
90-2 Scope
b) Not Covered
1. Installations in ships, watercrafts other than
floating bldg, railway rolling stock, aircraft, or
automobile vehicles other than mobile homes and
recreational vehicles.
2. Installations underground in mines
3. Installations of railways for generation,
transformation, transmission, or distribution to
operate rolling stock, signaling and
communications

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National Electrical Code

Article 90 - Introduction
90-2 Scope
b) Not Covered
4. Installations of communication equipment under
the exclusive control of communication utilities
located outdoors or in building spaces
exclusively for such installations.
5. Installations under the exclusive control of
electric utilities for the purpose of
communications, metering, generation, control,
transformation, transmission or distribution of
electric energy.
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National Electrical Code

Article 90 - Introduction
90-3 Code Arrangement
Introduction and nine chapters
Ch. 1-4 apply generally
Ch. 5-7 special occupancies, special equipment or
other special conditions. Ch. 1-4 apply except as
amended by Ch. 5-7 for the particular conditions.
Ch. 8 covers communications systems and it is
independent of the other chapters except where
they are specifically referenced therein.
Ch. 9 are Tables

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National Electrical Code

Article 90 - Introduction
90-8 Wiring Planning
a) Future Expansion and Convenience.
Future expansion via ample space in raceways
Convenience via readily accessible distribution
centers
b) Number of Circuits in Enclosures.
The number of wires and circuits confined in a
single enclosure will be varyingly restricted.
Limiting the number of circuits in a single
enclosure will minimize the effects from a short
circuit or ground fault in one circuit.
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Reglamento Complementario al
Cdigo Elctrico Nacional (AEE)

Published by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority

(PREPA) the authority having jurisdiction
Defines electrical constructions in three types

1. Tipo 1 instalaciones elctricas interiores y exteriores

2. Tipo 2 distribucin elctrica urbanizaciones o lotes
3. Tipo 3 extensiones de lneas elctricas instalaciones
de lneas para llevar facilidades elctricas desde lneas
de la AEE hasta urbanizaciones, lotes y edificios
*For every installation over 50kVA it includes substations
23-Jan-2006

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Reglamento Complementario al
Cdigo Elctrico Nacional
Seccion II Disposiciones Generales
Artculo A. Propsito
Establece, junto al NEC, las normas y requisitos mnimos
necesarios para garantizar la seguridad de personas y
estructuras en la instalacin de conductores y equipo
elctrico en Puerto Rico.

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ANSI Std Y32.9 1972 (1989)

The standard provides a basis for
1) Showing the general physical location and
arrangement of the sections of the required
wiring system
2) Identifying the physical requirements for
various types of materials needed to provide
the electrical installation in buildings

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Drafting Graphic Symbols

Electrical layouts shall be drawn:
to an appropriate scale or figure dimensions noted
on drawing sheets separate from the architectural
or structural drawings or the drawing sheets for
mechanical or other facilities.
Clearly. DO NOT lay out on the same drawing
sheet all different electrical systems to be installed
in the same building area. Use separate drawing
sheets for different systems such as signal system
outlets and circuits vs. lighting and power branch
circuit wiring.

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Drafting Graphic Symbols

Outlet and equipment locations with respect to
the building should be shown as accurately as
possible on the electrical drawing sheets to
reduce reference to architectural drawings.
All branch circuits, control circuits, and signal
system circuits shall be laid out in complete
detail on the electrical drawings, including
identification of the number, size, and type of
all conductors.
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Drafting Graphic Symbols

Complete drawings of the design shall have:
Floor plan layout, to scale, of all outlet and
equipment locations and wiring runs
A complete schedule of all of the symbols used with
appropriate description of the requirements
Riser diagram showing the physical relationship of
the service, feeder and major power runs, unit
substations, isolated power transformers,
switchboards, panel boards, pull boxes, terminal
cabinets, and other systems and equipment.

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Drafting Graphic Symbols

4) Where necessary for clearness. a single line diagram showing the
electrical relationship of the component items and sections of the
wiring system.
5) Where necessary to provide adequate information, elevations,
sections and details of equipment and special installations, and
details of special lighting fixtures and devices
6) Sections of the building or elevation of the structure showing floorto-floor, outlet, and equipment heights, relation to the established
grade, general type of building construction, etc. Where
practicable, suspended ceiling heights indicated by figure
dimensions on either the electrical floor plan layout drawings or
on the electrical building section or elevation drawings

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Drafting Graphic Symbols

7) Where necessary to provide adequate information,
plot plan to scale, showing the relation of the building
or structure to other buildings or structures, service
poles, service manholes, exterior area lighting, exterior
wiring runs, etc
8) In the case of exterior wiring systems for street and
highway lighting, area drawings showing the complete
system
9) Any changes to the electrical layout should be clearly
indicated on the drawings, when such changes are
made after the original drawings have been
completed, and should be identified on the drawing by
a revision symbol

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Examples of Electrical Symbols on an

Architectural Plan
Outlet (salida) a point on a
wiring system where current
is taken to supply utilization
equipment
receptacle outlet an
outlet where one or more
receptacles are installed

receptacle outlets symbols

single
duplex
IG
WP

Insulated Ground
Water Proof
Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupter
triplex

GFCI
F

Fan

Clock
Floor Outlet
Floor Single

Floor Duplex
Single
Floor Special
Purpose
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R
D

Range
Clothes Dryer

22

Examples of Electrical Symbols on an

Architecturallighting
Planoutlets symbols
lighting outlet an outlet
intended for the direct
connection of a lampholder,
lightning fixture, or a
pendant cord terminating in
a lampholder.

incandescent
incandescent
wall

surface fluorescent

RX
J

surface or
pendant exit

recessed exit

RX

junction box

J
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surface fluorescent
wall
surface or
pendant exit (wall)
recessed exit (wall)
junction box wall
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Examples of Electrical Symbols on an

Architectural Plan
Switch symbols
S

single-pole

S2

double-pole

S3

three-way

S4

four-way

SD

door

SDS

dimmer

SK

key

SWP

water proof

Circuiting symbols

cable or raceway
contains two wires
three wires on
cable or raceway
wiring concealed in
ceiling or wall
wiring concealed in
floor
wiring exposed
CO
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conduit only
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Examples of Electrical Symbols on an

Architectural Plan
push button

lighting panel

buzzer

power panel

bell

heating panel

telephone
(private system)

transformer

TV

television outlet

telephone
(outside line)
T

thermostat

motor

circuit breaker
overcurrent protection
device

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System voltages
There may be several system voltages available to
supply a given load but not all service voltages are
available for any load.
3 service may not be available for residential loads
For 3 service a minimum load may be required
Minimum service voltage may be specified for large loads

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RC Secc IV. Artculo N: Clases de

servicio
1. Monofsico, 120/240 V, 3 hilos. Es el servicio ms comn para
cargas monofsicas.
120 V
240 V
120 V
Voltaje primario de distribucin - Al presente la AEE tiene 4 voltajes
de distribucin: 4.16, 7.2, 8.32 y 13.2 kV. Las subestaciones de
distribucin se conectan al sistema de transmisin a travs de 38
115 kV y sus capacidades varan desde 3.0 MVA hasta 50.0 MVA.
Toda subestacin nueva se construye a 13.2 kV y su capacidad ser
de 22.4 MVA si se conecta a voltaje 38 kV (estrella-estrella). Si la
subestacin se conecta a 115 kV su capacidad podra ser de 33.6
44.8 MVA (delta-estrella), segn las proyecciones de carga.
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120 V
240 V
120 V
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1 transf. connections
(a) and (b) show two
secondary coils
rated at 120 V
connected in
parallel to supply a
two-wire 120 V
circuit. No longer
used.
(c) and (d) show two
secondary coils
rated at 120 V
connected in series
to supply a threewire 120/240 V
circuit.

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RC Secc IV. Artculo N: Clases de servicio

2. Trifsico, 208Y/120 V, 4 hilos. Comn para cargas trifsicas
pequeas.

120 V

208 V
208 V

120 V

208 V

primario en
120 V
Sirve cargas trifsicas a 208 y cargas monofsicas a 208 y 120 V
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3 transformer connections Y four wire grounded secondary

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RC Secc IV. Artculo N: Clases de servicio

3. Trifsico, 480Y/277 V, 4 hilos. Comn para cargas trifsicas
mayores.
277 V

480 V
480 V

277 V

480 V

primario en
277 V
Sirve cargas trifsicas a 480 y cargas monofsicas a 277 y 480 V
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Otros (NO en RC)

Trifsico, 240 V ( 480) V, 3 hilos.
A
240 V ( 480 V)
B
C

240 V ( 480 V)

primario en
Sirve cargas trifsicas a 240 V ( 480 V) entre las fases A, B y C
Sirve cargas monofsicas a 240 V ( 480 V) entre dos fases

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RC Secc IV. Artculo B: Asuntos Generales

Se requiere subestacin (1 3) para cualquier tipo de
edificio con carga calculada mayor de 50 kVA.
Cualquier edificion con carga estimada que no exceda 75
kVA 1 150 kVA 3 puede servirse de un transformador
o banco de transformadores instalado en poste de
hormign de 40 pies mnimo (o entre dos postes de
hormign de 40 pies mnimo o estructura de metal
certificada para servir graveros, hormigoneras y edificios en
construccin).
En areas con problemas de espacio se permitir, con
permiso de la AEE, subestaciones 1 de 75 kVA en postes
de la AEE si la subestacin sirve ms de un cliente.

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References
1. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, NFPA, 2005.
2. Reglamento Complementario al Cdigo Elctrico Nacional,
AEE, 2000.
3. ANSI Std Y32.9 1972 (1989) American National Standard
Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout Diagrams
Used in Architecture and Building Construction. American
National Standard Institute.

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