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Section
18
Telecommunications Structured Cabling
Systems
18.1.0 Introduction
18.1.1 Important Codes and Standards
18.1.2 Comparison of ANSI/TIA/EIA, ISO/IEC, and CENELEC Cabling Standards
18.2.0 Major Elements of a Telecommunications Structured Cabling System.
18.2.1 Typical Ranges of Cable Diameter
18.2.2 Conduit Sizing-Number of Cables
18.2.3 Bend Radii Guidelines for Conduits
18.2.4 Guidelines for Adapting Designs to Conduits with Bends
18.2.5 Recommended Pull Box Configurations
18.2.6 Minimum Space Requirements in Pull Boxes Having One Conduit Each
in Opposite Ends of the Box
18.2.7 Cable Tray Dimensions (Common Types)
18.2.8 Topology
18.2.9 Horizontal Cabling to Two Individual Work Areas
18.2.10 Cable Lengths
18.2.11 Twisted-Pair (Balanced) Cabling Categories
18.2.12 Optical Fiber Cable Performance
18.2.13 Twisted-Pair Work Area Cable
18.2.14 Eight-Position Jack Pin/Pair Assignments (TIA-568A)(Front View of
Connector)
18.2.15 Optional Eight-Position Jack Pin/Pair Assignments (TIA-568B)(Front
View of Connector)
18.2.16 Termination Hardware for Category-Rated Cabling Systems
18.2.17 Patch Cord Wire Color Codes
18.2.18 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568A Categories of Horizontal Copper Cables (Twisted-
Pair Media)
18.2.19 Work Area Copper Cable Lengths to a Multi-User Telecommunications
Outlet Assembly (MUTOA)
18.2.20 U.S. Twisted-Pair Cable Standards
18.2.21 Optical Fiber Sample Connector Types
18.2.22 Duplex SC Interface
18.2.23 Duplex SC Adapter with Simplex and Duplex Plugs
18.2.24 Duplex SC Patch Cord Crossover Orientation
18.2.25 Optical Fibers
18.2.26 Backbone System Components
18.2.27 Backbone Star Wiring Topology
18.2.28 Example of Combined Copper/Fiber Backbone Supporting Voice and
Data Traffic
18.2.29 Backbone Distances
18.2.30 Determining 100 mm (4 in) Floor Sleeves
18.1
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18.1.0 Introduction
Structured cabling is a term widely used to describe a generic voice, data, and
video (telecommunications) cabling system design that supports a multiproduct,
multivendor, and multimedia environment. It is an information technology (IT)
infrastructure which provides direction for the cabling system design based on the
end user’s requirements, and it enables cabling installations where there is little
or no knowledge of the active equipment to be installed.
The following provides an overview of the industry standards.
(NRC-IRC)
■ Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA)
TABLE 18.1.2*
(continued)
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*Here,
and throughout chapter, indicates that this material is reprinted with permission from BICSI’s Telecommunications Distribution Methods
Manual, 9th Edition.
TABLE 18.2.1*
TABLE 18.2.2*
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TABLE 18.2.3*
TABLE 18.2.4*
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18.2.5*
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TABLE 18.2.6*
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TABLE 18.2.7*
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18.2.8 Topology
ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A specifies a star topology—a hierarchical series of distribution
levels. Each WA outlet must be cabled directly to a horizontal cross-connect {HC
[floor distributor (FD)]} in the telecommunications room (TR) except when a con-
solidation point (CP) is required to open office cabling, or a transition point (TP) is
required to connect undercarpet cable. Horizontal cabling should be terminated in
a TR that is on the same floor as the area being served.
NOTES: Splices are not permitted for twisted-pair horizontal cabling.
Bridged taps (multiple appearances of the same cable pairs at several distribution
points) are not permitted in horizontal cabling.
Cabling between TRs is considered part of the backbone cabling. Such connections
between TRs may be used for configuring “virtual bus” and “virtual ring” cabling
schemes using a star topology.
18.2.9*
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TABLE 18.2.10*
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TABLE 18.2.11*
NOTES:
Categories 1 and 2 are not recognized cables.
Category 4 is not recommended.
Categories 3 and 5e meet ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 and B.2.
Categories 6 and 7 specifications are under development in TIA and ISO/IEC.
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TABLE 18.2.12*
18.2.13*
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18.2.14*
18.2.15*
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TABLE 18.2.16
TABLE 18.2.17
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TABLE 18.2.18*
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TABLE 18.2.19*
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TABLE 18.2.20*
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18.2.21*
18.2.22*
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18.2.23*
18.2.24*
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18.2.25
TABLE 18.2.26*
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18.2.27*
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18.2.28*
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18.2.29*
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TABLE 18.2.30*
TABLE 18.2.31*
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TABLE 18.2.32*
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TABLE 18.2.33*
TABLE 18.2.34*
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TABLE 18.2.35*
TABLE 18.2.36*
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18.2.37*
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TABLE 18.2.38*
TABLE 18.2.39*
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TABLE 18.2.40*
TABLE 18.2.41*
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18.2.42*
TABLE 18.2.43
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TABLE 18.2.44
TABLE 18.2.45
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TABLE 18.2.46
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TABLE 18.2.47*
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Fiber is then installed, or “blown,” into the microduct. The fiber is fed into the
microduct and rides on a current of compressed air. Carried by viscous drag, the
fibers are lifted into the airstream and away from the wall of the microduct, there-
by eliminating friction even around tight bends.
The practical benefits of BOFT systems translate directly into financial benefits
for the end user. For most installations, a BOFT infrastructure is similar to or
slightly higher than the cost for conventional fiber cabling. Savings can be realized
during the initial installation because (1) it simplifies the cable installation by
allowing the pulling of empty or unpopulated microduct, (2) fewer, if any, fiber
splices may be required, and (3) you only pay upfront for those fibers that you need
immediately. The additional expense of hybrid cables is eliminated.
True cost savings and the convenience of blown optical fiber are realized during the
first fiber upgrade or moves, adds, and changes. An upgrade of an existing fiber
backbone generally will incur workplace disruptions such as removing a ceiling
grid, moving office furniture, and network downtime that requires the work to be
done outside normal business hours. New fibers can be added to a BOFT system
simply by accessing an existing unpopulated microduct and blowing in the fibers.
There is no disruption to the workplace, and the process requires a minimal
amount of time to complete. In the event that there are no empty microducts, the
existing fiber can be blown out in minutes and replaced with the new fiber(s)
immediately.
18.3.2
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18.3.3
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18.3.4