Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their loads in trucksize intermodal containers, in a technique called

containerization. They are a

common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most
seagoing non-bulk cargo. Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot
equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISOstandard containers, with the latter predominant. Today, about 90% of non-bulk
cargo worldwide is transported by container, and modern container ships can carry
up to 16,020 TEU. Container ships now rival crude oil tanker and bulk carriers as the
largest commercial vessels on the ocean.
Container ship size categories
Name

Capacit
y(TEU)

Length

Beam

Draft

Example

Ultra
Large
Containe
r Vessel
(ULCV)

14,501
and
higher

1,200 f
t
(366 m
) and
longer

160.7
ft
(49 m)
and
wider

49.9 ft
(15.2
m)
and
deepe
r

With a length of 400 m, a

width of 59 m, draft of 14.5
m, and a capacity of 18,270
TEU, ships of the Maersk
Triple E class class are able
to transit the Suez canal.
(MV Maersk Mc-Kinney
Moller.)

New
panama

10,000
14,500

Post
panama

5,101
10,000

1,200 f
t
(366 m
)

160.7
ft
(49 m)

49.9 ft
(15.2
m)

With a beam of 43 m, ships

of the COSCO
Guangzhou class are much
too big to fit through the
Panama Canal's old locks,
but could easily fit through
the new expansion. (The
9,500 TEU MV COSCO
Guangzhou pierside in
Hamburg)

Panamax

3,001
5,100

965 ft
294.13
m

106 ft
32.31
m

39.5 ft
12.04
m

Ships of the Bay-class are

at the upper limit of the
Panamax class, with an
overall length of 292.15 m,
beam of 32.2m, and
maximum depth of 13.3 m.
(The 4,224 TEU MV
Providence Bay passing
through the Panama Canal.)

Feederm
ax

2,001
3,000

Container ships under

3,000 TEU are typically

Feeder

1,001
2,000

Small
feeder

Up to
1,000

called feeders. In some

areas of the world, they
might be outfitted with
cargo cranes. The 384
TEU MV TransAtlantic at
anchor.

A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially

designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, and
cement in its cargo holds. Since the first specialized bulk carrier was built in
1852, economic forces have fuelled the development of these ships, causing
them to grow in size and sophistication. Today's bulkers are specially
designed to maximize capacity, safety, efficiency, and durability. Cargo
volume up to 400,000 DWT, takes around 120 hours to load and unload
cargoes, speed is typically 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h).
General bulk carrier types
Example

Description
Geared bulk carriers are typically in the handysize to
handymax size range although there are a small number of
geared panamax vessels, like all bulkers they feature a series
of holds covered by prominent hatch covers. They
have cranes, derricks or conveyors that allow them to load or
discharge cargo in ports without shore-based equipment. This
gives geared bulkers flexibility in the cargoes they can carry
and the routes they can travel.
( typical geared
handysize bulk carrier.)
Combined carrier are designed to transport both liquid and
dry bulk cargoes. If both are carried simultaneously, they are
segregated in separate holds and tanks. Combined carriers
require special design and are expensive. They were
prevalent in the 1970s, but their numbers have dwindled
since 1990. (Photo: The oil pipeline and dry bulk hold aboard
the Maya.)
Gearless carriers are bulkers without cranes or conveyors.
These ships depend on shore-based equipment at their ports
of call for loading and discharging. They range across all
sizes, the larger bulk carriers (VLOCs) can only dock at the
largest ports, some of these are designed with a single portto-port trade in mind. The use of gearless bulkers avoids the
costs of installing, operating, and maintaining cranes.
( 225,000 ton gearless bulker.)

Self-dischargers are bulkers with conveyor belts, or with the

use of an excavator that is fitted on a traverse running over
the vessel's entire hatch, and that is able to move sideways
as well. This allows them to discharge their cargo quickly and
efficiently. (self-discharging lake freighter.)
Lakers are the bulkers prominent on the Great Lakes, often
identifiable by having a forward house which helps in
transiting locks. Operating in fresh water, these ships suffer
much less corrosion damage and have a much longer lifespan
than saltwater ships.[31] As of 2005, there were 98 lakers of
10,000 DWT or over.(Great Lakes bulker.)
BIBO or "Bulk In, Bags Out" bulkers are equipped to bag cargo
as it is unloaded. The CHL Innovator, shown in the photo, is a
BIBO bulker. In one hour, this ship can unload 300 tons of bulk
sugar and package it into 50 kg sacks.

A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship designed to transport chemicals in bulk. Chemical
tanker means a ship constructed or adapted for carrying in bulk of any liquid product. Oceangoing
chemical tankers range from 5,000 tones deadweight (DWT) to 35,000 DWT in size, which is smaller
than the average size of other tanker types due to the specialized nature of their cargo and the size
restrictions of the port terminals where they call to load and discharge. Chemical tankers normally have a
series of separate cargo tanks which are either coated with specialized coatings such as phenolic epoxy or
zinc paint, or made from stainless steel. The coating or cargo tank material determines what types of
cargo a particular tank can carry: stainless steel tanks are required for aggressive acid cargoes such
as sulfuric and phosphoric acid, while 'easier' cargoes such as vegetable oil can be carried in epoxy coated
tanks. The coating or tank material also influences how quickly tanks can be cleaned. Typically, ships
with stainless steel tanks can carry a wider range of cargoes and can clean more quickly between one
cargo and another, which justifies the additional cost of their construction. Typically carries up to 40,000
tones deadweight with multiple small cargo tanks. Speed is typically 2125 knots (38.9-46.3 km/h).
M/T TRANS CATALONIA

Heavy lift ships are of two types, semi-submerging capable of lifting another ship out of the
water and transporting it, and vessels that augment unloading facilities at inadequately equipped ports.
Semi-submerging are more commonly known as a "flo/flo" for float-on/float-off. These vessels have a
long and low well deck that can go down under water allowing oil platforms, other vessels, or other
floating cargo to be moved into position for loading. The tanks are then pumped out, and the well deck
rises higher in the water, lifting its cargo, and is ready to sail wherever in the world the cargo needs to be
transported. Propulsion System which using diesel engine. Speed is typically 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h).
Possible Cargo is Heavy or bulky objects, drilling rings, Multipurpose / general cargo.

Blue Marlin

An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through icecovered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships. Although the term usually refers to
ice-breaking ships, it may also refer to smaller vessels, such as the icebreaking boats that were once used
on the canals of the United Kingdom. For a ship to be considered an icebreaker, it requires three traits
most normal ships lack: a strengthened hull, an ice-clearing shape, and the power to push through sea ice.
Has a speed of 3 knots (5.5 km/h). Mostly used at Antarctic in North Pole.

The Yamal - a Nuclear Powered Icebreaker

Specifications
Length: 150m (136m at the waterline), Breadth: 30m (28m at the waterline), Draft:
11.08m, Height: keel to mast head 55m.
Displacement: 23,455 tonnes.
Power is supplied by two pressurized water nuclear reactors, each contains 245
enriched uranium fuel rods. Each reactor weighs 160 tonnes and are in a closed
compartment under reduced pressure - in the event of a leak, the leak would be in
and not out.
Maximum fuel use is 300g of heavy uranium isotopes per day when breaking thick
ice. Reactors hold 500kg each when fully fuelled, enough for about 5 years.