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Aliados y Aliadas

El solo "sabor dulce" en tu lengua


en tus papilas gustativas, activa el
centro
del
hambre
en
tu
hipotlamo -el hambre esta en el cerebro
no en el estomago-

Mientras ms dulce comas ms


hambre "falsa" tendrs
La solucin para los aliados y aliadas que
necesitan un poquito de dulce, es comer ms
protenas en la Maana temprano antes de las 8
am mientras mas temprano mejor y despus de
comer tu protena comerte un pedacito de
dulce dejar que se disuelva en tu boca no lo
mastiques djalo en tu boca lo ms que puedas
y solo un pedazo pequeo o mini porcin
Si es un panque o torta igual una mini porcin y
la masticas lo ms que puedas Esto mximo
tres veces por semana
Te pido que leas con atencin estas 10 mentiras
que nos cuentan desde hace aos los que dicen
tener la verdad!!

Lelo todo en tiempo presente te ser de gran


valor! A los aliados y aliadas Mdicos y a
quienes no creen lo que les escribo, los invito a
revisar la bibliografa anexa
10 Mentiras y Malos Consejos Promovidos
por los que dicen tener la verdad
Mentira #1: La Grasa Saturada Causa
Enfermedades Cardiacas
Recientemente en el 2002, el "experto Consejo de Nutricin y Alimentos emiti la
siguiente declaracin equivocada, que personifica este mito:
"Las grasas saturadas y el colesterol alimentario no tienen un papel benfico
conocido en la prevencin de enfermedades crnicas y no son necesarios en
ningn nivel en la alimentacin."
Del mismo modo, el Instituto de las Academias Nacionales de Medicina
recomienda que los adultos deben consumir de 45 a 65 por ciento de sus caloras
en forma de carbohidratos, de 20 a 35 por ciento de grasa y de 10 a 35 por ciento
de protenas. Esta es una relacin inversa de grasas-carbohidratos que
prcticamente lo guiara por el camino equivocado y ser el resultado de un mayor
riesgo de enfermedades crnicas.
La mayora de personas se benefician por el consumo de 50-70 por ciento de
grasas saludables en su alimentacin para una salud ptima, mientras que
necesita muy pocos, o nada de carbohidratos para mantener una buena salud...
Aunque eso puede parecer mucho, la grasa es mucho ms densa y consume una
menor porcin de sus alimentos.
Esta recomendacin peligrosa, que surgi de una hiptesis no probada desde
mediados de la dcada de 1950, ha estado daando su salud y la de sus seres
queridos durante unos 40 aos.
La verdad es que las grasas saturadas de origen animal y vegetal proporcionan
los bloques de construccin para las membranas celulares y una variedad de

hormonas y sustancias similares a las hormonas, sin ellas el cuerpo no puede


funcionar de manera ptima. Tambin actan como importantes portadores de
vitaminas liposolubles A, D, E y K. Las grasas alimentarias tambin son necesaria
para la conversin de caroteno en vitamina A, absorcin de minerales, y para una
serie de otros procesos biolgicos.
De hecho, las grasas saturadas son el combustible preferido para el corazn. Para
obtener ms informacin sobre las grasas saturadas y el papel esencial que
desempean en el mantenimiento de su salud

Mentira #2: Comer Grasa lo Hace Aumentar de Peso


El mito de los alimentos bajos en grasa puede haber hecho ms dao a la salud
de millones de personas que cualquier otra recomendacin alimenticia, ya que la
moda de los alimentos bajos en grasa condujo a un aumento del consumo de
grasas trans, que ahora sabemos que aumenta el riesgo de obesidad, diabetes y
enfermedades del coraznque son los problemas de salud atribuidos
errneamente a las grasas saturadas...
Para poner fin a la confusin, es muy importante entender que el consumo de
grasa no lo har engordar.
La causa principal del exceso de peso y todas las enfermedades crnicas
asociadas con esto, es en realidad el consumo de demasiada azcar especialmente fructosa y tambin todo tipo de granos, que se convierten
rpidamente en azcar en su cuerpo. Si esta moda de alimentacin baja en grasa
hubiera sido baja en azcar... entonces no tendramos tantas enfermedades
crnicas como las que tenemos hoy en da.

Mentira #3: Los Endulzantes Artificiales son Alternativas Seguras al


Azcar para los Diabticos y Ayudan a Promover la Prdida de Peso
La mayora de las personas utilizan endulzantes artificiales para bajar de peso y/o
porque son diabticos y la necesidad de evitar el azcar. La irona sorprendente es
que casi todos los estudios que han analizado cuidadosamente su eficacia
muestran que aquellos que utilizan endulzantes artificiales en realidad ganan
ms peso que aquellos que consumen endulzantes calricos. Los estudios
tambin han revelado que los endulzantes artificiales pueden ser peores para los
diabticos

En el 2005, los datos colectados de los 25 aos de duracin del Estudio San
Antonio Heart mostraron que el consumo de sodas de dieta aument la
probabilidad de un mayor aumento de peso, mucho ms que la soda regular.3 En
promedio, cada soda de dieta que los participantes tomaron por da aument su
riesgo de tener sobrepeso en un 65 por ciento dentro de los prximos siete u ocho
aos, y les hizo un 41 por ciento ms propensos a ser obesos. Hay varias causas
posibles para esto, incluyendo:
Solo el sabor dulce parece aumentar el hambre, independientemente de su
contenido calrico.
Los endulzantes artificiales parecen promover el deseo de dulces, y el
consumo total de azcar, por lo que en realidad no disminuye su consumo
causando as ms problemas para controlar su peso. 4
Los endulzantes artificiales pueden perturbar la capacidad natural del
cuerpo para "contar caloras," como se mostr en los estudios como en el
estudio realizado en 2004 por la Universidad de Purdue, 5 que encontr
que las ratas alimentadas con lquidos endulzados artificialmente comieron
ms alimentos de alto contenido calrico que las ratas alimentadas con
lquidos endulzados y mayor contenido calrico.
Tambin hay un gran nmero de peligros para la salud asociados con los
endulzantes artificiales y particularmente el aspartame. He reunido una lista cada
vez mayor de estudios relacionados con los problemas de salud asociados con el
aspartame, que puede encontrar -abajo- .

EN TFB SOLO RECOMENDAMOS STEVIA

Mentira #4: Su Cuerpo No Puede Notar la Diferencia Entre el Azcar


y la Fructosa
La fructosa contenida en los jugos de frutas mas que en la fruta picada- es quizs
la mayor amenaza para su salud. La evidencia creciente demuestra el hecho de
que el exceso de fructosa, principalmente en forma de jarabe de maz de alta
fructosa (JMAF), es un factor principal que no solo causa obesidad, sino tambin
la enfermedad crnica y mortal.
De hecho, estoy convencida de que la fructosa es una de las principales causas
de una gran cantidad de sufrimiento innecesario causado por la mala salud y
muerte prematura.

Muchos "expertos" convencionales de salud afirman que el azcar y la fructosa


con moderacin es perfectamente normal y parte de una alimentacin normal
"sana," y la industria del maz niega intensamente cualquier evidencia que muestre
que la fructosa es metablicamente ms daina que el azcar regular (sacarosa).
Esta negacin generalizada y que hace caso omiso a la evidencia, representa una
amenaza masiva para su salud, a menos que usted haga su propia investigacin.
Como recomendacin estndar, le aconsejo mantener su consumo total de
fructosa a menos de 25 gramos por da. Para la mayora de las personas tambin
sera prudente limitar la fructosa de las frutas a 15 gramos o menos.
Lamentablemente, si bien esto es tericamente posible, muy pocas personas
realmente estn haciendo esto.
Confirmado la Fructuosa puede aumentar su sensacin de Hambre

Mentira #5: La Soya Es un Alimento Saludable


El aumento meterico de la soya como un "alimento saludable" es un ejemplo
perfecto de cmo una estrategia inteligente de marketing puede engaar a
millones de personas. Pero no se deje engaar al respecto, los productos de soya
sin fermentar NO son saludables para su alimentacin y pueden ser igualmente
problemticos tanto para los hombres como mujeres de todas las edades.
Contrariamente a la creencia popular, miles de estudios en realidad han
relacionado a la soya sin fermentar a la mala nutricin, trastornos digestivos, dao
el sistema inmunolgico, disfuncin tiroidea, deterioro cognitivo, trastornos
reproductivos e infertilidad - incluso cncer y enfermedades cardiacas.

Mentira #6: Los Huevos Son Fuente de Colesterol


Los huevos son probablemente uno de los alimentos ms satanizado en el mundo,
principalmente a causa de la idea equivocada que implica la hiptesis de que el
consumo de yema de huevo aumenta los niveles de colesterol en su cuerpo.
Puede olvidarse de esas preocupaciones, porque contrariamente a la creencia
popular, los huevos son uno de los alimentos ms saludables que puede
comer y no causaran un impacto negativo en los niveles de colesterol. Numerosos
estudios nutricionales han desvanecido el mito de que debe evitar el consumo de
huevos, por lo que esta recomendacin est a punto de pasar de moda...

Uno de estos estudios,7 realizado por Yale Prevention Research Centery


publicado en el 2010, demostr que el consumo de huevos no tuvo un efecto
negativo sobre la funcin endotelial - una medida del riesgo cardaco y
tampoco caus un aumento en los niveles de colesterol. Los participantes del
estudio Yale comieron dos huevos por da durante un perodo de seis semanas.
Hay muchos beneficios asociados a los huevos, entre ellos:

Un huevo
contiene 6
gramos de
protena de alta
calidad y todos
los 9 aminocidos
esenciales

Los huevos son buenos para sus


ojos, debido a que contienen
lutena y zeaxantina, que son
antioxidantes encontrados en su
retina. Estos dos compuestos
ayudan a proteger a sus ojos del
dao causado por los radicales
libres y previene las
enfermedades oculares como la
degeneracin macular y cataratas.

Los huevos son una excelente fuente de


colina (un huevos contiene cerca de 300
miligramos) que es un pariente de la
familia de la vitamina B, esencial para el
funcionamiento normal de las clulas
humanas y ayuda a regular el sistema
nervioso y cardiovascular. La colina es
especialmente benfica para las mujeres
embarazadas ya que influye en el
desarrollo normal del cerebro del feto.

Los huevos son


uno de los pocos
alimentos que
contienen
vitamina D natural
(24.5 gramos )

Los huevos podran ayudar a


promover la salud de las uas y el
pelo debido a su alto contenido de
azufre

Los huevos tambin contienen biotina,


calcio, cobre, folato, yodo, hierro,
magnesio, manganeso, niacina, potasio,
selenio, sodio, tiamina, vitamina A,
vitamina B12, vitamina B2, vitamina E y
zinc

Mentira # 7: Los Granos Enteros Son Buenos para Todas las


Personas
El uso de granos enteros es un tema que crea mucha confusin sobre todo en las
personas que tienen una pasin por la nutricin, ya que durante mucho tiempo nos
dijeron que la fibra en los cereales integrales es muy benfica.
Desafortunadamente TODOS los granos, incluyendo los granos enteros y
variedades orgnicas, pueden elevar los niveles de insulina, lo que puede
aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades. Tambin contienen gluten, al que muchas
personas tienen sensibilidad o hasta alergias. En mi propia experiencia, ms del
85 por ciento de las personas en Estados Unidos tienen problemas para controlar
sus niveles de insulina - especialmente aquellos que tienen las siguientes
condiciones de salud:
Sobrepeso
Diabetes

Hipertensin
Colesterol alto
Adems, la intolerancia al gluten subclnica es mucho ms comn de lo que
piensa, lo que tambin puede causar estragos en su salud. Como regla general, le
recomiendo encarecidamente que elimine o por lo menos restringa de su
alimentacin el consumo de granos, as como los azcares/fructosa,
especialmente si tiene cualquiera de las condiciones anteriores mencionadas que
estn relacionadas con la resistencia a la insulina. Entre ms altos estn sus
niveles de insulina y ms destacados sern sus signos de sobrecarga de insulina,
ms serio tiene que ser en la eliminacin de todos los granos de su alimentacin.
Si usted es uno de los afortunados que no tiene resistencia a la insulina y tiene
peso corporal normal, entonces est bien consumir granos, especialmente granos
enterossiempre y cuando no tenga problemas con el gluten y seleccione tipos
orgnicos y sin refinar. Es aconsejable seguir monitoreando su consumo de
granos y su salud, ya que la vida es dinmica y est cambiando constantemente.
Lo que podra estar en perfecta sintona entre los 25 o 30 aos, podra convertirse
en un problema importante a los 40 cuando su hormona de crecimiento y nivel de
ejercicio son diferentes.

Mentira # 8: La Leche Es Buena para Usted


Lamentablemente, el mito de que la leche pasteurizada convencional tiene
beneficios para la salud es algo persistente aunque lejos de ser verdad. Las
agencias de salud convencionales tambin se niegan a abordar los peligros reales
de las hormonas de crecimiento y antibiticos que se encuentran en la leche
convencional. No recomiendo beber leche pasteurizada de ningn tipo, incluyendo
la orgnica, ya que una vez que la leche ha sido pasteurizada su estructura fsica
cambia de una manera que en realidad puede causar alergias y problemas
inmunolgicos.
Las enzimas importantes como la lactasa, se destruyen durante el proceso de
pasteurizacin, lo que provoca que muchas personas no sean capaces de digerir
la leche. Adems, las vitaminas (como la A, C, B6 y B12) estn mermadas y las
protenas de la leche frgiles son radicalmente transformadas de benficas en
configuraciones de aminocidos no naturales que en realidad pueden empeorar su
salud. Al eliminar las bacterias benficas a travs del proceso de pasteurizacin
tambin termina por promover los patgenos en lugar de protegerlo de ellos.

Sin embargo, una vez ms, si tiene problemas de insulina y problemas de peso,
presin arterial alta, diabetes, cncer o colesterol alto, sera mejor que restringiera
su consumo de leche y consumir mantequilla orgnica, ya que el contenido de
carbohidratos, lactosa, podra contribuir a la resistencia de insulina y leptina. Los
lcteos orgnicos fermentados eliminan el problema de lactosa y pueden ser ms
tolerados. Pero si es sensible a los lcteos, tambin podra ser mejor evitarlos.
Sin embargo si usted consume EL BATIDO DE PROTEINA y no lo tolera con agua
pues use leche LIQUIDA TOTAL mximo 4 meses

Mentira # 9: Los Alimentos Transgnicos Son Seguros y Similares a


los Alimentos Convencionales
No nos equivoquemos al respecto; los alimentos transgnicos pueden ser uno de
los aspectos ms peligrosos de nuestro actual suministro de alimentos. Le
recomiendo encarecidamente evitar todos los alimentos transgnicos. Dado que
ms del 90 por ciento de todo el maz cultivado en los Estados Unidos es
transgnico y ms del 95 por ciento de toda la soya es transgnica, lo que significa
que prcticamente todos los alimentos procesados que se encuentran en el
supermercado local que no tienen el sello "USDA Organic" probablemente
contienen uno o ms componentes transgnicos. Para evitar los alimentos
transgnicos, primero memorice la siguiente lista de los cultivos transgnicos
conocidos y ms comnmente utilizados:
Maz

Canola

Alfalfa (un nuevo cultivo que surgi en el 2011)

Soya

Algodn

Azcar derivada de la remolacha azucarera

El impacto final que estos alimentos tendrn sobre su salud an se desconoce,


pero el aumento de las enfermedades, infertilidad y defectos de nacimiento
parecen estar al inicio de la lista de los efectos secundarios.
Que bueno seria si puedieras cultivar tus vegetales y tener tus gallinas
alimentadas con alimento casero para consumir sus posturas Si puedes hazlo! Y
ensea a tu descendencia

Mentira # 10: Los Embutidos Son Excelentes Alternativas a los


Alimentos Nutritivos
Por ltimo, las carnes procesadas, que incluye todo, desde hotdogs, embutidos,
tocino, pepperoni, no son considerados como alimentos dainos- pero que en
realidad debera ser, si usted est preocupado por su salud. Prcticamente todos
los productos procesados de carne contienen compuestos peligrosos que son
parte de la lista de alimentos que debe evitar o eliminar por completo. Estos
compuestos incluyen:
Aminas heterocclicas (HCAs): un potente carcingeno, que se crea cuando
la carne o el pescado se cocinan a altas temperaturas.
Nitrito de sodio: un conservador utilizado y agente antimicrobiano que
tambin aade color y sabor a las carnes procesadas y curadas.
Hidrocarburos aromticos policclicos (HAP): Muchas carnes procesadas
son ahumadas como parte del proceso de curado, lo que hace que crea
HAP.
Productos finales de glicacin avanzada (AGEs): Cuando los alimentos son
cocinados a altas temperaturas, incluyendo cuando se pasteuriza o
esterilizan--aumentan la formacin de AGEs en los alimentos. Los AGEs
se acumulan en su cuerpo lo que podra causar estrs oxidativo,
inflamacin y un mayor riesgo de enfermedades del corazn, diabetes y
enfermedad renal.
Esta recomendacin est respaldada por un informe realizado por The World
Cancer Research Fund8 (WCRF). La revisin, que evalu los resultados de ms
de 7,000 estudios clnicos, fue financiado por fondos obtenidos del pblico en
general, as que los resultados no fueron influenciados por los intereses creados.
Tambin es la mayor revisin de la evidencia que se haya tomado, y confirma los
resultados anteriores: Las carnes procesadas aumentan el riesgo de cncer,
especialmente cncer de intestino, y ninguna cantidad de carne procesada es
segura. Un anlisis previo por el WCRF encontr que comer slo una salchicha
al da aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar cncer de colon en un 20 por ciento, y otros
estudios han encontrado que las carnes procesadas aumentan el riesgo de:
Cncer de colon en un 50 por ciento
Cncer de vejiga en un 59 por ciento

Cncer de estmago en un 38 por ciento


Cncer de pncreas en un 67 por ciento
Las carnes procesadas tambin pueden aumentar el riesgo de diabetes en un 50
por ciento, disminuir la funcin pulmonar y aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad
pulmonar obstructiva crnica (EPOC). Si independientemente de todo esto desea
comer de vez en cuando un hot dog u otro pedazo de carne procesada o
embutido, reduzca su riesgo buscando:
Variedades "no curadas" que NO contengan nitratos
Elija variedades que digan carne 100% de res, 100% de pollo, etc. Esta es
la nica manera de saber que la carne es de una sola especie y no incluye
subproductos (como piel del pollo o grasa de pollo u otras partes)
Evite cualquier tipo de carne que contenga MSG, jarabe de maz alto en
fructosa, conservadores, sabores artificiales o colorantes artificiales
Lo ideal sera comprar salchichas y otras carnes procesadas de un pequeo
agricultor, que le pueda decir exactamente el contenido de sus productos. Estos
son slo algunos de los mitos y conceptos errneos de la salud. Es verdad que
hay muchos ms. Los anteriores son algunos de los ms importantes, en mi
opinin, simplemente porque no tenemos un amplio conocimiento de ellos.
Tambin son fundamentales para corregir cualquier hbito si desea proteger su
salud y la salud de sus seres queridos. Para obtener ms consejos, por favor
revise las dos fuentes destacadas.

Si todava no est convencido de esto, le recomiendo revisar estos estudios


1.

Year Published: 1970


Full Reference: Brain Damage in Infant Mice Following Oral Intake of
Glutamate, Aspartate, or Cysteine; Nature 1970;227-609-610
Funded By: Washington University
Conclusion/Findings: Irreversible degenerative changes and acute
neuronal necrosis
Hyperlink to Study
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v227/n5258/pdf/227609b0.pdf

2.

Year Published: 2008


Full Reference: Direct and Indirect Cellular Effects of Aspartame on the
Brain. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 451-462; P.
Humphries, E. Pretorius, and H. Naude
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Excessive aspartame ingestion might cause
certain mental disorders, as well as compromised learning and
emotional functioning
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/aspartamebrain.pdf

3.

Year Published: 2007


Full Reference: Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame
Beginning During Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats,
Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Eva Tibaldi, Davide Degli Esposti,
Michelina Lauriola; Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(9) Sep
2007; 115:1293-1297. doi:10.1289/ehp.10271.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Carcinogenicity proven a second time; with
effects increased when exposure to aspartame begins during fetal life.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?
articleURI=info:doi/10.1289/ehp.10271

4.

Year Published: 1984


Full Reference: Effects of Aspartame and Glucose on Rat Brain Amino
Acids and Serotonin. Yokogoshi H, Roberst CH, Caballero B, Wurtman
RJ. American Journal of clinical Nutrition. 1984 July, 40(1):1-7
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: High aspartame doses can generate major
neurochemical changes in rats, especially when consumed along with
carbohydrate-containing foods
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6204522

5.

Year Published: 1984


Full Reference: Revelance of Animal Studies to Human Safety. Olney,
JW. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. 1984; 6:455-462
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Excitotoxins, as used in foods today, may
produce blood elevations high enough to cause damage to the nervous
system of young children, damage which is not detectable at the time of
occurrence but which may give rise to subtle disturbances in
neuroendocrine function in adolescence and/or adulthood.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6152304

6.

Year Published: 1996


Full Reference: Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There a Link to

Aspartame? Olney JW, Farber NB, Spitznagel E, Robins LN. Journal of


Neuropatholgy & Experimental Neurology. 1996 Nov; 55(11):1115-23
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Brain tumor incidence in the US implicates the
introduction of aspartame into the American diet.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8939194
7.

Year Published: 2000


Full Reference: Glutamate and Aspartate Impair Memory Retention and
Damage Hypothalamic Neurons in Adult Mice. Cheol Hyoung Park, Se
Hoon Coi, et al. Toxicology Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 2, May 19, 2000, pp.
117-125
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Found that aspartate shortens the memory
response, impairs memory retention and damages hypothalamic
neurons in mice
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?
_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TCR-408BJC14&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F19%2F2000&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_or
ig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view
=c&_searchStrId=1456058577&
_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&
_userid=10&md5=395a2fc9d4ef0ffceeea475146341607
& searchtype=a

8.

Year Published: 2002


Full Reference: Effect of Aspartame on N-Methyl-D Asparate Sensitive
L-(311) Glutamate Binding Sites in Rat Brain Synpatic Membranes, AV
Glushakov, DM Dennis, et al. Molecular Psychiatry, 2002, Vol. 7, No. 4,
pp. 359-367.
Funded By: University of Florida
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that aspartate has a role in causing
mental retardation, but the mechanism by which it does that is still
unknown.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v7/n4/full/4000976a.html

9.

Year Published: 2006


Full Reference: The Effect of Aspartame Metabolites on Human
Erythrocyte Membrane Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Stylianos Tsakiris,
Aglaia Giannoulia-Karantana, et al., Pharmacological Research, Volv.
53, Issue 1, Jan. 2006. pp. 1-5.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Found that high concentrations of aspartame
can cause neurological symptoms, including memory and learning
problems.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16129618

10. Year Published: 2008


Full Reference: Direct and Indirect Cellular Effects of Aspartame on the
Brain, P Humphries, E Pretorius and H Naude, European Journal of
Clinical Nutrition , 2008, 62, 451-462
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Asserts that excessive aspartame ingestion
might be involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders (DSMIV-TR 2000) and also in compromised learning and emotional
functioning.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v62/n4/abs/1602866a.html
11. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Evaluation of Reactions to Food Additives: The
Aspartame Experience. MK Bradstock, MK Serdula, JS Marks, RJ
Barnard, Nt Crane, PL Remington and FL Trowbridge. The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 43, pp. 464-469, 1986
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Identified some case reports in which the
symptoms may be attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed
amounts. Headache, mood alterations (anxiety, agitation, irritability, or
depression), insomnia, dizziness, and fatigue were the most frequently
reported symptoms, with one case of a child in a double-blind test who
became hyperactive after consuming products with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/43/3/464 and
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/3/464
12. Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: Aspartame: Clinical Update, Potenza DP, el-Mallakh
RS, Connecticut Medicine, 1990 Apr;54(4):235-6.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Raises concern that so many reports of
headaches, seizures, blindness, and cognitive and behavioral changes
with long-term, high-dose aspartame have been reported that health
officials need to be concerned.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2667892
13. Year Published: 1993
Full Reference: Adverse Reactions to Aspartame: Double-Blind
Challenge in Patients from a Vulnerable Population. Ralph G. Walton,
Robert Hudak, Ruth J. Green-Waite. Psychiatry. July 1, 1993. Vol. 34,
Issue 1, pp. 13-17.
Funded By: Dept. of Psychiatry Northeastern Ohio,Universities College
of Medicine and University Hospital of Cleveland
Conclusion/Findings: Found that individuals with mood disorders are
particularly sensitive to this artificial sweetener and its use in this
population should be discouraged. In the clinical study, the project was

halted by the Institutional Review Board after a total of 13 individuals


had completed the study because of the severity of reactions within the
group of patients with a history of depression
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/00063223%2893%2990251-8/abstract
14. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Seizure and Mania After High Intake of Aspartame
Funded By: Jamestown General Hospital, Jamestown, New York
Conclusion/Findings: Case report of a woman who drank in excessive
of 1 gallon per day of iced tea sweetened with aspartame, resulting in
manic episode and seizure that led to hospitalization.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pdf_extract/27/3/218
15. Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Effect of Aspartame and Protein, Administered in
Phenylalanine-Equivalent Doses, on Plasma Neutral Amino Acids,
Aspartate, Insulin and Glucose in Man, Svend E. Moller; Pharmacology
& Toxicology, Vol. 68, Issue 5, pp. 408-412.
Funded By: Clinical Research Laboratory, Denmark
Conclusion/Findings: The study showed that the intake of aspartame
in a not unrealistically high dose produced a marked and persistent
increase of the availability of Phe to the brain, which was not observed
after protein intake. The study indicated, furthermore, that Phe was
cleared faster from the plasma after consumption of protein compared
with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122214234/abstract
16. Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Effects of Diets High in Sucrose or Aspartame on the
Behavior and Cognitive Performance of Children. Mark L. Wolraich,
Scott D. Lingren, et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 3, 1994;
pp. 330:301-307
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Reported that it is possible that there are some
children who respond adversely to sugar or aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199402033300501#articleRe
sults
17. Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Loss of Intellectual Function in Children with
Phenylketonuria After Relaxation of Dietary Phenylalanine Restriction,
Margretta R. Seashore, Estelle Friedman, Robert A. Novelly P, Vijaya

Bapat MD. Pediatrics vol. 75, No. 2, Feb. 1985, pp. 226-232
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Shows decrease in intellectual function in
children with PKU who have phenylalnine introduced into their diets.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/75/2/226
18. Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Aspartame Effects on Brain Serotonin, RI Wurtman,
Letter in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1987 April; 45(4):799803
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Argues that using rodents to disprove
aspartames harm to humans is not relevant, and that it reacts more
negatively in humans than in mice
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/45/4/799.pdf
19. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Acute Effects of Oral or Parenteral Aspartame on
Catecholamine Metabolism in Various Regions of Rat Brain, Hidehiko
Yokogoshi and Richard J. Wurtman, The Journal of Nutrition, November
1986
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Found higher plasma tyrosine and phenylalanine
ratios and other effects on the brain.
Hyperlink to Study: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/116/3/356
20. Year Published: 1992
Full Reference: Aspartame Exacerbates EEG Spike Wave Discharge in
Children with Generalized Absence Epilepsy, PR Camfield, CS
Camfield, JM Dooley, et al;
Funded By: Ontario Ministry of Health
Conclusion/Findings: Neurology 1992:42:1000
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/5/1000
21. Year Published: 1993
Full Reference: The Effect of Food Chemicals on Cell Aging of Human
Diploid Cells in Vitro Culture, Kasamaki A and Urasawa S, The Journal
of Toxicological Sciences, 1993 Aug; 18(3):143-53
Funded By: Toxicological Sciences, 1993 Aug; 18(3):143-53. Sapporo
Conclusion/Findings: Showed aging of cells when treated with
aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8246307
22. Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Neuropharmacological Evaltuation of Movement

Disorders that are Adverse Reactions to Specific Foods Including


Aspartame, John W. Gerrard, J Steven Richardson and Jeffrey Donat;
International Journal of Neuroscience, 1994, Vol. 76, No. 1-2, pp. 61-69
Funded By: University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that in susceptible individuals, certain
foods or additives, including aspartame, can trigger movement disorders
through an action on dopamine and other neurotransmitter pathways in
the brain.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00207459408985992
23. Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: Effects of Aspartame on 45 CA Influx and LDH Leakage
from Nerve Cells in Culture, Sonnewald U, Unsgard G, Petersen SB;
Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, 1995, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Funded By: Research Council of Norway
Conclusion/Findings: Showed signs of severe cell damage and other
neurological events with aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Abstract/1995/01000/Effects_of_asp
artame_on_45Ca_influx_and_LDH.23.aspx
24. Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Increasing Brain Tumor Rates: Is There A Link to
Aspartame? JW Olney, Nuri B Farber, et al.; Journal of Neuropathology
& Experimental Neurology, Nov. 1996, Vol. 55, Issue 11
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Evidence implicates aspartame as a causative
agent of high incidence of brain tumors in aspartame-fed rats.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://journals.lww.com/jneuropath/Abstract/1996/11000/Increasing_Brai
n_Tumor_Rates__Is_There_a_Link_to.2.aspx
25. Year Published: 1998
Full Reference: Formaldehyde Derived from Dietary Aspartame Binds
to Tissues Components in Vivo, C. Trocho, R. Pardo, I. Rafecas, et al
Funded By: University of Barcelona, Spain
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that aspartame consumption may
constitute a hazard because of its contribution to the formation of
formaldehyde adducts.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.wnho.net/formaldehyde_from_aspartame.pdf
Health Problem: Headache/Migraines
26. Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Aspartame: Possible Effect on Seizure Susceptibility.

Wurtman, RJ. Lancet. Vol. 2, no. 8463, 1060 p. 1985


Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Woman who drank large amounts of Diet Coke
and other aspartame-flavored beverages experienced headaches,
nausea, visual hallucinations, and a grand-mal seizure.
Hyperlink to Study: http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?
requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=1354938&q=Aspartame
%3A+Possible+Effects+on+Seizure+Suspectibility&
uid=789675711&setcookie=yes
27. Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: The Effect of Aspartame on Migraine Headache.
Shirley M. Koehler, Alan Glaros. Headache: The Journal of Head and
Face Pain. Vol 28, Issue 1, Nov. 12, 1987
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Ingestion of aspartame by migraine sufferers
causes significant increases in headache frequency
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119449495/abstract
28. Year Published: 1998
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache. Richard
B. Lipton, MD, Lawrence C. Newman, MD, Joel S. Cohen, MD, Seymour
Solomon, MD. The Journal of Head and Face Pain. Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp.
90-92. Sept. 1998
Funded By
Conclusion/Findings: Finds that aspartame may be an important
dietary trigger of headache in some people.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119429393/abstract
29. Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Platelet Glycine, Glutamate and Aspartate in Primary
Headache, D'Andrea, G., et al., 1991. Cephalalgia, Vol. 11, pp. 197-200.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: High levels of these amino acids were found in
patients with migraine with aura compared to normal subjects and other
headache groups
Hyperlink to Study: http://cep.sagepub.com/content/11/4/197.abstract
30. Year Published: 1997
Full Reference: Chewing Gum Headaches, Blumenthal, H.J., D.A.
Vance, Headache, Volume 37, Number 10, pages 665-666. 1997
Funded By: Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma College
of Medicine, Tulsa
Conclusion/Findings: Chewing gum with aspartame provokes
headaches

Hyperlink to Study:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119166706/abstract
31. Year Published: 2003
Full Reference: The Diet Factor in Pediatric and Adolescent Migraine,
Millichap JG, Yee MM. Pediatric Neurology, 2003 Jan;28(1):9-15
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame is one of the substances that trigger
migraines in children and adolescents
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.drcordas.com/education/Headaches/1doc.pdf
32. Year Published: 1994
Full Reference: Aspartame Ingestion and Headaches: a Randomized
Crossover Trial. S. K. Van Den Eeden, PhD, T. D. Koepsell, MD, MPH,
W. T. Longstreth, Jr., MD, MPH, G. van Belle, PhD, J. R. Daling, PhD
and B. McKnight, PhD, American Academy of Neurology, Neurology.
1994;44:1787
Funded By: University of Washington
Conclusion/Findings: This experiment provides evidence that, among
individuals with self-reported headaches after ingestion of aspartame, a
subset of this group report more headaches when tested under
controlled conditions. It appears that some people are particularly
susceptible to headaches caused by aspartame and may want to limit
their consumption.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/44/10/1787?
ijkey=4b59bcfcba6c01af70844762469ca00f7f358c5f&keytype2=tf_ipsec
sha
33. Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: The Concept of Migraine as a State of Central
Neuronal Hyperexcitability, KMA Welch, et all, 1990. Headache, Vol. 8,
No. 4, pp 817-828.
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Finds that aspartate can cause migraine with
aura associated with a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1979655
34. Year Published: 2001
Full Reference: Migraine MLT-Down: An Unusual Presentation of
Migraine in Patients with Aspartame-Triggered Headaches. Lawrence C.
Newman, Richard B. Lipton, Headache: The Journal of Head and Face
Pain, Vol. 41, Issue 9, pp. 899-901
Funded By: The Headache Institute, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital
Center, New York
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that aspartame may trigger headaches

in susceptible individuals, and can worsen an ongoing attack of


migraine.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120697481/abstract
35. Year Published: 1988
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Dietary Trigger of Headache, Richard
B. Lipton, Lawrence C. Newman, Joel S. Cohen, Seymour Solomon,
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 9092
Funded By: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that some patients with migraines
reported aspartame as a trigger three times more often than those with
other types of headache.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119429393/abstract

Health Problem: Increase in hunger, body weight, BMI


36. Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Chen, L. N., and Parham, E. S. College StudentsUse
of High-Intensity Sweeteners Is Not Consistently Associated with Sugar
Consumption. J Am Diet Assoc. 91(1991): 68690
Funded By: Department of Human and Family Resources at Northern
Illinois University
Conclusion/Findings: In a study of high-intensity artificial sweeteners
performed on college students, there was no evidence that artificial
sweetener use was associated with a decrease in their overall sugar
intake. These results indicate that eating artificial sweeteners simply
perpetuates a craving for sweets, and overall sugar consumption is not
reducedleading to further problems controlling your weight
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2040783
37. Year Published: 2005
Full Reference: New Analysis Suggests Diet Soda Paradox Less
Sugar, More Weight. UT Health Center San Antonio Press Release.
June 14, 2005 Volume: XXXVIII Issue: 24
Funded By: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Conclusion/Findings: In 2005, data gathered from the 25-year long
San Antonio Heart Study also showed that drinking diet soft drinks
increased the likelihood of serious weight gain far more so than
regular soda.

According to Sharon Fowler, M.P.H:


On average, for each diet soft drink our participants drank per day, they were 65
percent more likely to become overweight during the next seven to eight years,
and 41 percent more likely to become obese.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.uthscsa.edu/hscnews/singleformat2.asp?
newID=1539
38. Year Published: 2004
Full Reference: A Pavlovian Approach to the Problem of Obesity,
Davidson, TL and Swithers Se, International Journal of Obesity and
Related Metabolic Disorders 2004 Jul;28(7):933-5.
Funded By: Department of Psychological Science, Ingestive Behavior
Research Center, Purdue University
Conclusion/Findings: Found that rats fed artificially sweetened liquids
ate more high-calorie food than rats fed high-caloric sweetened liquids.
The researchers believe the experience of drinking artificially sweetened
liquids disrupted the animals' natural ability to compensate for the
calories in the food.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=933[page]
+AND+2004/07[pdat]+AND+Davidson[author]&cmd=detailssearch
39. Year Published: 1988
Full Reference: Uncoupling Sweet Taste and Calories, Comparison of
Glucose and Three Intense Sweeteners on Hunger and Food Intake.
Peter J. Rogers, Jo-ASnne Carlyle, Andrew J. Hill and John E. Blundell.
Physiology & Behavior. Vol. 43; Issue 5, 1988. pp. 547-552
Funded By: Biopsychology Group, Psychology Dept., University of
Leeds, Leeds UK
Conclusion/Findings: Intense sweeteners can produce significant
changes in appetite, with aspartame causing the most pronounced
effects.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3200909
40. Year Published: 1990
Full Reference: Oral Stimulation with Aspartame Increases Hunger,
Michael G. Tordoff and Annette M. Alleva, Physiology & Behavior, Vol.
47, Issue 3, March 1990; pp. 555-559.
Funded By: Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that aspartame can increase the feeling
of hunger
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2359769
41. Year Published: 2010
Full Reference: Gain Weight by Going Diet? Artificial Sweeteners and
the Neurobiology of Sugar Cravings. Qing Yang, Yale Journal of
Biological Medicine, 2010 June; 83(2): 101-108. Department of

Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology


Funded By: Yale University
Conclusion/Findings: Several large scale prospective cohort studies
found positive correlation between artificial sweetener use and weight
gain. When matched for initial body mass index (BMI), gender, ethnicity,
and diet, drinkers of artificially sweetened beverages consistently had
higher BMIs. Similar observations have been reported in children.
Artificial sweeteners, precisely because they are sweet, encourage
sugar craving and sugar dependence.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892765/?tool=pubmed

Other Health Problems: Multiple symptoms including retinal damage, disruption


of odor-associated learning, miscellaneous toxicity problems, elevations in plasma,
pre-term delivery, rise in serum methanol
42. Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: A Metabolite of Aspartame Inhibits Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme. Grobelny D, Galardy RE. Biochemical &
BioPhysical Research Communications. 1985: 128(2):960-964.
Funded By: University of Kentucky
Conclusion/Findings: Possibility exists that consuming large amounts
of aspartame inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986632
43. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Serum Methanol Concentrations in Rats and in Men
after a Single Dose of Aspartame," Davoli, E., et al., 1986. Food and
Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 187-189
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Both treatments caused a temporary rise in
serum methanol. Methanol is a highly toxic alcohol commonly found in
automobile windshield washer solvent, gas line antifreeze, copy
machine fluid, fuel for small stoves, paint strippers, and as an industrial
solvent.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3957170
44. Year Published: 1977
Full Reference: Effect of a Dipeptide, Aspartame, on Lactic Acid
Production in Human Whole Saliva. Y. Mishiro and H. Kaneko. Journal
of Dental Research, 1977 56(11):1427
Funded By: Nippon Dental University, Japan
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame affects levels of saliva lactation and
pH levels.
Hyperlink to Study: http://jdr.sagepub.com/content/56/11/1427.full.pdf

45. Year Published: 2010


Full Reference: Intake of Artificially Sweetened Soft Drinks and Risk of
Preterm Delivery: a Prospective Cohort Study of 59,334 Danish
Pregnant Women. Halldorsson TI, Strom M, Petersen SB, Olsen SF,
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 30, 2010
Funded By: Center for Fetal Programming, Division of Epidemiology,
Statens serum Institute, Denmark
Conclusion/Findings: There was an association between intake of
artificially sweetened carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and an
increased risk of preterm delivery.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592133
46. Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Effects of Oral Aspartame on Plasma Phenylalanine in
Humans and Experimental Rodents, RJ Wurtman and TJ Maher.
Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol. 70, Nos. 1-2, March 1987, pp. 169173
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame causes greater elevations in plasma
phenylalanine than plasma tyrosine in humans.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/l148w94568vt33hw/
47. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Acute Effects of Aspartame on Systolic Blood Pressure
in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. P.J. Kiritsy and T.J. Maher. Journal
of Neural Transmission, Vol 66, No. 2, June 1986, pp 121-128
Funded By: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology,
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Science, Boston
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame elevates blood and brain tyrosine
levels, and cause neurochemical changes that lead to tyrosine-induced
drop in blood pressure.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/p33231m752721l5x/?
p=41116b2cb5284004987aaa24f8a945c9&pi=37
48. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Aspartame-Induced Uricaria. Anthony Kulczycki Jr.,
M.D. Annals of Internal Medicine. Feb. 1, 1986. Volv 104. No 2. pp. 207208
Funded By: Grant support NIH.
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame-induced urticaria confirmed by
double-blind challenge.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.annals.org/content/104/2/207.extract
49. Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Behavioral Assessment of the Toxicity of Aspartame,

Mark D. Holder, Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, Vol. 32, pp. 1726
Funded By: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Conclusion/Findings: Found that aspartame may have adverse effects
when intrapeitoneally injected.
Hyperlink to Study:
http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msrazy/PDF/HolderPBB89.pdf
50. Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Impaired Performance on Odor-Aversion Testing
Following Prenatal Aspartame Exposure in the Guinea Pig, Diana L.
Dow-Edwards, Louise A. Scribani and Edward P. Riley, Neuurotoxicity
and Teratology, Vol. 11, Issue 4, July-August 1989, pp. 413-416
Funded By: Dept. of Neurosurgery State University, New York
Conclusion/Findings: These data indicate that aspartame exposure at
500 mg/kg throughout gestation disrupts odor-associative learning in 15day-old guinea pigs.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2796897
51. Year Published: 2006
Full Reference: Aspartame Products as a Potential Danger to Infants,
Children & Future Generations, Dr. HJ Roberts, director, Palm Beach
Institute for Medical Research
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Aspartame causes a variety of disease in
children including headaches, convulsions, unexplained visual loss,
rashes, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, obesity, marked weight loss,
hypoglycemia, diabetes, addiction (probably largely due to the methyl
alcohol), hyperthyroidism, and a host of neuropsychiatric features. The
latter include extreme fatigue, irritability, hyperactivity, depression,
antisocial behavior (including suicide), poor school performance, the
deterioration of intelligence, and brain tumors.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.rense.com/general70/duut.htm
52. Year Published: 1986
Full Reference: Plasma Amino Acid Levels After Single Dose
Aspartame Consumption in Phenylketonuria Mild II
Hyperphenylalaninemia and Heterozygous State for Phenylkeonuria.
The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 668-671, October
1986.Benjamin Caballero, Barbara E. Mahon, Frances J. Rohr, Harvey
L. Levy, and Richard J. Wurtman. M.D
Funded By: MIT
Conclusion/Findings: Plasma phenylalanine concentrations may
increase to unacceptable levels when patients with PKU on
phenylalanine-restricted diets consume aspartame-containing soft
drinks or after loading doses of the sweetener
Hyperlink to Study: http://wurtmanlab.mit.edu/static/pdf/673.pdf

53. Year Published: 1985


Full Reference: Aspartame-Induced Granulomatous Panniculitis.
Nelson Lee Novick, MD. Annals of Internal Medicine., Vol 102, No. 2, pp.
206-207
Funded By: Mt. Sinai Medical Center; New York
Conclusion/Findings: This report describes the first confirmed case of
aspartame-induced granulomatous panniculitis
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.annals.org/content/102/2/206.short
54. Year Published: 1984
Full Reference: Aspartame: Methanol and the Public Health. Woodrow
C.Monte. Journal Applied Nutrition 36(1):42-54
Funded By
Conclusion/Findings: Consumption of aspartame sweetened drinks at
levels commonly used to replace lost fluid during exercise yields
methanol intake between 15 and 100 times normal intakes.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.dorway.com/wmonte.txt
55. Year Published: 1989
Full Reference: Excitoxins: A Possible New Mechanism for the
Pathogenesis of Ischemic Retinal Damage, George H. Bresnick,
Archives of Opthalmology, 1989; 107(3):339-341
Funded By: NIH
Conclusion/Findings: Reports that aspartame is a possible mechanism
to cause retinal damage.
Hyperlink to Study: http://archopht.amaassn.org/cgi/content/summary/107/3/339
56. Year published: 1987
Full reference: Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Normal Adults
Administered Aspartame in Capsules or Solution: Lack of
Bioequivalence, Lewis D. Stegin, L.J. Filer Jr, E.F. Bell, and E.E.
Ziegler, Metabolism Volume 36, Issue 5 May 1987, Pages 507-512
Funded by: Supported in part by a grant-in-aid from G.D. Searle
Conclusion/Findings: The data indicate different plasma phenylalanine
and aspartate pharmacokinetics between aspartame in solution and
capsule administration of aspartame. Peak plasma phenylalanine levels
were significantly higher and were reached significantly earlier when
aspartame was administered in solution than when it was administered
in capsules. Administration in solution also produced a significantly
higher ratio of plasma phenylalanine concentration to the sum of the
plasma concentrations of the other large neutral amino acids. Similarly,
peak plasma aspartate concentrations were significantly higher and
were reached significantly earlier when aspartame was administered in
solution.
Hyperlink to study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3574137

57. Year published: 1984


Full reference: Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to
Aspartame Use, MK Bradstock, MK Serdula, JS Marks, RJ Barnard, NT
Crane, PL Remington and FL Trowbridge, American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, November 1984, Vol 43, 464-469
Funded by: Division of Nutrition, Center for Health Promotion and
Education, Centers for Disease Control
Conclusion/Findings: In some case reports, the symptoms may be
attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed amounts
Hyperlink to study: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/3/464

Health Problem: Seizures/Convulsions


58. Year Published: 1987
Full Reference: Possible Neurologic Effects of Aspartame, a Widely
Used Food Additive; Timothy J. Maher and Richard J. Wurtman.
Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 75, pp 53-57, 1987
Funded By: MIT and Federal Government
Conclusion/Findings: Shows that aspartame can induce seizures
Hyperlink to Study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1474447/pdf/envhper0043
4-0053.pdf
59. Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Interspecies and Interstrain Studies on the Increased
Susceptibility to Metrazol-Induced Convulsions in Animals given
Aspartame, L. Diomede, M. Romano, et al, Milan, Italy, Food and
Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 29, Issue 2, 1991; pp. 101-106
Funded By: Istituto di Richerche, Milan, Italy
Conclusion/Findings: Showed that they are more susceptible to
convulsions when given higher doses of aspartame
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2010138
Letters and Other Commentary from Health Sources
60. Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: Emerging Facts about Aspartame. Dr. J. Barua, Dr. A
Bal. Journal of the Diabetic Association of India. 1995; Vol. 35, No. 4
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Cites numerous studies showing dangers of
aspartame
Hyperlink to Study:
http://basichealthinfo.weebly.com/uploads/4/2/5/9/425984/article-onaspartame.pdf

61. Year Published: 2004


Full Reference: Aspartame: An FDA-Approved Epidemic, HJ Roberts,
Palm Beach Institute for Medical Research.
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: Cites thousands of consumer complaints to the
FDA that include serious adverse events, that the FDA and CDC refused
to acknowledge as substantive.
62. Year Published: 1991
Full Reference: Recurrent Vulvovaginitis Resulting from Heavy Dietary
Use of Aspartame, Strathman I, The Journal of Reproductive Medicine.
1991 Aug;36(8):572
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: (This is a letter; title implies that vulvovaginitis
was triggered by heavy use of aspartame)
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1941798
63. Year Published: 1985
Full Reference: Interaction of Aspartame and Carbohydrates in an
Eating Disordered Patient. Ferguson A Jr. A Letter in the American
Journal of Psychiatry. 1985, Feb. 142(2):271
Funded By: Not applicable
Conclusion/Findings: Reports a clinical case where aspartame
combined with carbohydrates causes headaches and other symptoms
typical of elevated CNS level of tyrosine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?
articleid=162185
64. Year Published: 1995
Full Reference: A Health Alert: Emerging Facts About Aspartame, Dr. J
Barua, Dr. A Bal, The Journal of the Diabetic Association of India, 1995:
Vol. 35, No. 4
Funded By: No funding
Conclusion/Findings: This article summarizes a number of other
peoples studies on aspartame.
Hyperlink to Study: http://smfi.is/media/misc/article-on-aspartame.pdf
65. Year Published: 1996
Full Reference: Aspartame as a Cause of Allgeric Reactions, Including
Anaphylaxis, Archives of Internal Medicine, 1996; 156(9):1027
Funded By: Not known
Conclusion/Findings: Letter arguing that aspartame should have been
included as a causative agent of allergic reactions. Cites FDA 7,300person database of complaints.
Hyperlink to Study: http://archinte.amaassn.org/cgi/content/summary/156/9/1027-a

66. Year Published: Updated April 23, 2008


Full Reference: Is Aspartame Safe? From an FDA Q&A about
aspartame
Funded By: Not applicable
Conclusion/Findings: While denying that aspartame is an allergen, the
FDA says: However, certain people with the genetic disease
phenylketonuria (PKU), those with advanced liver disease, and pregnant
women with hyperphenylalanine (high levels of phenylalanine in blood)
have a problem with aspartame because they do not effectively
metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, one of aspartame's
components. High levels of this amino acid in body fluids can cause
brain damage. Therefore, FDA has ruled that all products containing
aspartame must include a warning to phenylketonurics that the
sweetener contains phenylalanine.
Hyperlink to Study: http://answers.hhs.gov/questions/3011
67. Year published:
Full reference: Scientific Abuse in Methanol/Formaldehyde Research
Related to Aspartame
Funded by: no funding
Conclusion/Findings: Exposes studies proving safety of aspartame
as deceptive, erroneous, and based on industry research using
outdated plasma methanol measuring tests. No date of publication.
Hyperlink to Study: http://thetruthaboutstuff.com/pdf/
%2847%29%20Scientific%20Abuse%20in%20Methanol.pdf

Health Problem: Cancer


68. Year published: 2010
Full reference:Aspartame administered in feed, beginning prenatally
through life span, induces cancers of the liver and lung in male Swiss
mice. American Journal of Industrial Medicine December 2010; 53(12):
1197-1206
Conclusion/Findings:The results of the present study confirm that
[aspartame] is a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites in rodents, and that
this effect is induced in two species, rats (males and females) and mice
(males). Autopsies revealed a significantly increased risk of liver and
lung cancer.
Hyperlink to Study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886530

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