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FUNCTION
AND
LIMIT
2.1 FUNCTION
BACKGROUND
The term of function was first used by
Leibniz in 1673 to denote the dependence
of one quantity on another
Example :
The area of a circle depends on its radius r
by the equation A = r2;
We say that A is a function of r
Notation
Leonard Euler introduced the using
of a letter of alphabet such as f to
denote a function or relationship.
Example :
y = f(x)
is read y equals f of x, that is the
value of y depends on the value of x
DEFINITION
A function is a rule that assigns to each
element of set A one and only one
element of set B
The set A is called domain of the
function
The set of all possible value of f(x) as x
varies over the domain is called the
range of f
DEFINITION
y = f(x)
y is called dependent variable
x is called independent variable
The graph of a function f is the graph
of the equation y = f(x)
Example
Example
f(x)=2x-1
g(x)=x^2
Which is a function?
Classification of Functions
Constant function, f(x)=c, c is a constant value
Monomial in x, f(x)=cxn, c is a constant value, n
is a nonnegative
Polynomial in x, f(x)=a0+a1x+a2x2++anxn
Linear, f(x)=a0+a1x
Quadratic, f(x)=a0+a1x+a2x2
Cubic f(x)=a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3
Rational function, ratio of two polynomial
y1-y0
x1-x0
f(x1)-f(x0)
=
x1-x0
mtan=
limiting value as h
approaches zero of
f(x0+h)-f(x0)
h
Velocity
The average velocity of an object moving in
one direction along a line is :
Distance traveled
Average velocity =
Time elapsed
s1-s0
t1-t0
Geometric Interpretation of
Average Velocity
For a particle moving in one direction on a
straight line, the average velocity between
time t0 and t1 is represented geometrically
by the slope of the secant line connecting
(t0, s0) and (t1,s1 ) on the position versus
time curve.
Geometric Interpretation of
Instantaneous Velocity
For a particle moving in one direction on a
straight line, the instantaneous velocity at
time t0 is represented geometrically by the
slope of the tangent line at (t0,s0) on the
position versus time curve.
lim f ( x) L1
x x0
lim f ( x) L2
x x0
lim f ( x) lim f ( x) L
x x0
x x0
Then we write
lim f ( x) L
x x0
THEOREM
EXERCISE