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BSC 315-001
Genotype/Phenotype relationships
Depends on the trait and the pair of alleles being considered
Strict dominance/recessiveness
o Heterozygous genotype has the same phenotype as one of the
homozygous genotypes
o Example: Aa has the same phenotype as AA
The A allele is dominant; the a allele is recessive
o Example: Seed color (trait) in peas
Two phenotypes:
Yellow: Genotypes YY and Yy
Green: Genotype yy
Yellow is the dominant phenotype. The Y allele is dominant
to the y allele.
Mendel
Recognized the relationship between genotype and phenotype ~150
years ago
Austrian monk; published studies on pea genetics in 1866
Started with pure-breeding strains of peas
o Pure-breeding: strain that produces the same phenotype
generation after generation
Mendels observations:
o Cross between two pure-breeding strains all of the progeny
have one of the two phenotypes.
o When progeny are self-crossed both phenotypes are present in
the second generation progeny in a 3:1 ratio, ie., of one and
of the other
Self-cross: self-mating, or cross to a genetically identical
individual.
o Only one of the phenotypes is observed in the first generation
Melanie Painter
BSC 315-001
Melanie Painter
BSC 315-001
Melanie Painter
BSC 315-001
Melanie Painter