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ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
ISAThe Instrumentation,
Systems, and
Automation Society
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Control Valve Terminology
ISBN: 1-55617-741-0
Copyright 2000 by ISAThe Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society. All rights
reserved. Not for resale. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the
Publisher.
ISA
67 Alexander Drive
P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
USA
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Preface
This preface, as well as all footnotes and annexes, is included for information purposes and is not part of
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000.
The standards referenced within this document may contain provisions which, through reference in this
text, constitute requirements of this document. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.
All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this document are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated within this
document. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ANSI
maintain registers of currently valid U.S. National Standards.
This document has been prepared as part of the service of ISAThe Instrumentation, Systems, and
Automation Society, toward a goal of uniformity in the field of instrumentation. To be of real value, this
document should not be static but should be subject to periodic review. Toward this end, the Society
welcomes all comments and criticisms and asks that they be addressed to the Secretary, Standards and
Practices Board; ISA; 67 Alexander Drive; P. O. Box 12277; Research Triangle Park, NC 27709;
Telephone (919) 549-8411; Fax (919) 549-8288; E-mail: standards@isa.org.
The ISA Standards and Practices Department is aware of the growing need for attention to the metric
system of units in general, and the International System of Units (SI) in particular, in the preparation of
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greatest extent possible. Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric
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revisions, will be the reference guide for definitions, symbols, abbreviations, and conversion factors.
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ISA standards-making process by an individual in no way constitutes endorsement by the employer of that
individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical reports that ISA
develops.
CAUTION ISA ADHERES TO THE POLICY OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS
INSTITUTE WITH REGARD TO PATENTS. IF ISA IS INFORMED OF AN EXISTING PATENT THAT IS
REQUIRED FOR USE OF THE STANDARD, IT WILL REQUIRE THE OWNER OF THE PATENT TO
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EVEN IF ISA IS UNAWARE OF ANY PATENT COVERING THIS STANDARD, THE USER IS
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USERS INTENDED APPLICATION.
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
HOWEVER, ISA ASKS THAT ANYONE REVIEWING THIS STANDARD WHO IS AWARE OF ANY
PATENTS THAT MAY IMPACT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD NOTIFY THE ISA
STANDARDS AND PRACTICES DEPARTMENT OF THE PATENT AND ITS OWNER.
ADDITIONALLY, THE USE OF THIS STANDARD MAY INVOLVE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,
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GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY LIMITATIONS AND ESTABLISHED SAFETY AND HEALTH
PRACTICES BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THIS STANDARD.
The following people served as members of ISA Subcommittee SP75.05:
NAME
COMPANY
J. Reed, Chairman
W. Weidman, Managing Director
T. Abromaitis
G. Barb
H. Baumann
H. Boger
J. Brett*
R. Brodin
D. Buchanan,
F. Cain
C. Corson
M. Glavin
F. Harthun
C. Koloboff
G. Kovecses
G. Richards
K. Schoonover*
L. Stratton
F. Sullivan
R. Terhune
Norriseal
Parsons Energy and Chemicals Group, Inc.
Red Valve Company, Inc.
Consultant
H B Services Partners LLC
Masoneilan/Dresser
Con-Tek Valves, Inc.
Fisher Controls International, Inc.
Union Carbide Corporation
Flowserve-FCD
Fluor Daniel, Inc.
Grinnell Corporation
Consultant
Consultant
Yarway Company
Richards Industries, Inc.
Con-Tek Valves, Inc.
Control Components, Inc.
Consultant
Consultant
COMPANY
D. Buchanan, Chairman
W. Weidman, Managing Director
A. Abromaitis
H. Backinger
G. Barb
H. Baumann
H. Boger
G. Borden
______
* One vote per company.
S. Boyle
R. Brodin
F. Cain
C. Corson
M. Coughran
A. Engels
H. Fuller
J. George
A. Glenn
L. Griffith
B. Guinon
F. Harthun
B. Hatton
J. Jamison
R. Jeanes
J. Kersh
C. Langford
A. Libke
R. Louviere
O. Lovett
A. McCauley
R. McEver
H. Miller
T. Molloy
L. Ormanoski
J. Ozol
W. Rahmeyer
J. Reed
K. Schoonover
A. Shea
E. Skovgaard
H. Sonderegger
R. Terhune
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Neles Automation
Fisher Controls International, Inc.
Flowserve Corporation
Fluor Daniel Inc.
Fisher Controls
Praxair, Inc.
Valvcon Corporation
Richards Industries
Flowserve Corp.
Consultant/Retired
Shell Chemical
Retired
DeZurik Division Unit
Bantrel, Inc.
TXU Electric
M. W. Kellogg Company
Cullen G. Langford, Inc.
DeZurik Valve Company
Creole Engineering Sales Company
Consultant/Retired
Chagrin Valley Controls, Inc.
Bettis Corporation
Control Components, Inc.
CMES Inc.
Frick Company
Commonwealth Edison
Utah State University
Norriseal
Con-Tek Valves, Inc.
Copes-Vulcan, Inc.
Leslie Controls, Inc.
Tyco Flow Control
Retired
This published standard was approved for publication by the ISA Standards and Practices Board on
30 December 2000.
NAME
COMPANY
M. Zielinski
D. Bishop
P. Brett
M. Cohen
M. Coppler
B. Dumortier
W. Holland
A. Iverson
R. Jones
V. Maggioli
______
* One vote per company.
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
T. McAvinew
A. McCauley, Jr.
G. McFarland
D. Rapley
R. Reimer
J. Rennie
H. Sasajima
R. Webb
W. Weidman
J. Weiss
J. Whetstone
M. Widmeyer
R. Wiegle
C. Williams
G. Wood
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Contents
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................ 9
3 Definitions......................................................................................................................................... 9
ANSI/ISA75.05.012000
Scope
Purpose
Definitions
3.1
Accuracy:
the degree of conformity of an indicated value to a recognized accepted standard value or ideal value.
3.2
Accessories:
devices usually attached to the actuator for various control functions such as positioners, relays, solenoid
valves, airsets, handwheel, and limit switches.
3.3
Actuator:
a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrically powered device which supplies force and motion to position a valves
closure member at or between the open or closed position.
3.3.1 Bellows actuator:
a fluid powered device in which the fluid acts upon a flexible convoluted component, the bellows.
3.3.2 Diaphragm actuator:
a fluid powered device in which the fluid acts upon a flexible component, the diaphragm.
(See figure 1.)
3.3.3 Double-acting actuator:
a device in which power is supplied in either direction. (See figure 2.)
3.3.4 Electrohydraulic actuator:
a device that converts electrical energy to hydraulic pressure and into motion.
3.3.5 Electromechanical actuator:
a device that converts electrical energy into motion.
3.3.6 Hydraulic actuator:
a fluid device which converts the energy of an incompressible fluid into motion.
3.3.7 Piston actuator:
a fluid powered device in which the fluid acts upon a movable piston to provide motion to the
actuator stem. (See figure 2.)
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3.14 Body:
the main pressure boundary of the valve that also provides the pipe connecting ends, the fluid flow
passageway, and supports the valve trim.
3.14.1 Encapsulated body:
all surfaces of the body are covered by a continuous surface layer of a different material, usually an
elastomeric or polymeric material.
3.14.2 Globe body:
a valve body distinguished by a globular shaped cavity around the port region, wherein the closure
member motion is linear and normal to the plane of the port. (See figure 4A.)
3.14.3 Lugged body:
a thin annular section body with lug protrusions on the outside diameter of the body, whose end
surfaces mount between the pipeline flanges or may be attached to the end of a pipeline without any
additional flange or retaining parts, using either through-bolting and/or tapped holes.
3.14.4 Pinch Body:
a body containing a flexible elastomeric tubular member which can be mechanically squeezed.
(See figure 8.)
3.14.5 Split body:
a valve body design in which the seat and gaskets are secured between two segments of a valve
body. (See figure 4B.)
3.14.6 Wafer body:
a thin annular section butterfly body whose end surfaces are located and clamped between the
piping flanges by bolts extending from flange to flange.
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3.38 Compressor:
the device, in a weir-type or sleeve (pinch) valve, that the valve stem forces against the backside of the
diaphragm or sleeve to cause the diaphragm or sleeve to move and seal against the internal flow
passageway of the valve body.
3.39 Control signal override device:
a device that overrides the control signal to the valve actuator, e.g., solenoid valves, lock-up valves,
bypass valves, etc.
3.40 Control valve:
a power actuated device which modifies the fluid flow rate in a process control system. It consists of a
valve connected to an actuator mechanism (including all related accessories) that is capable of changing
the position of a closure member in the valve in response to a signal from the controlling system.
3.41 Control valve gain:
the change in the flow rate as a function of the change in valve travel. It is the slope of the installed flow
characteristic curve.
3.42 Cracked flow:
a nonstandard term. See "Clearance flow."
3.43 Cycling life:
a number of cycles over which a device will operate without changing its performance beyond tolerance.
3.44 CWP:
see Cold working pressure.
3.45 Dashpot:
a less preferred term. See "Snubber."
3.46 Data plate:
a less preferred term. See "Nameplate."
3.47 Dead band, Control valve:
the range through which a control valves input signal may be varied, upon reversal of direction, without
initiating an observable change in the position of the closure member.
3.48 Dead end shut off:
a nonstandard term used to refer to control valve leakage. Refer to ANSI/FCI 70-2 for specification of
leakage classifications.
3.49 Diaphragm valve:
see "Body: weir type body."
3.50 Direct acting valve:
a valve that travels to the closed position when the signal increases.
3.51 Disk:
a circular shaped closure member used to modify the flow rate with either linear or rotary motion.
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flow of liquids. See ISA-S75.01-1985 (R1995), Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves and
ANSI/ISA-S75.02-1996, Control Valve Capacity Test Procedures.
3.92 Live loading:
a type of sealing system which incorporates a spring element capable of providing a sufficient load over a
range of motion to compensate for thermal expansion, wear or consolidation of packing or gaskets. (See
figure 7.)
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3.146 Shaft:
the mechanical member used to support and move a rotary closure member.
3.147 Shaft bearings:
devices used in rotary valves to support the shaft and guide the closure member through its travel.
3.148 Sliding disk:
a flat or wedge-shaped sliding closure member that modifies flow rate with linear motion across the flow
path.
3.149 Slip-in liner:
an annular shaped liner that makes a slight interference fit with a butterfly body bore and which may be
readily forced into position through the body end. May be plain or reinforced.
3.150 Snubber:
a device that is used to damp the motion of the valve stem.
3.151 Spot face:
a machined annular surface around a bolt hole on the side of a through bolted flange, opposite the gasket
face, that is provided for nut seating.
3.152 Spring rate:
the force change per unit change in length of a spring.
3.153 Static unbalance:
the net force produced on the valve stem by the fluid pressure acting on the closure member and stem with
the fluid at rest and with stated pressure conditions.
3.154 Steam-jacketed valve:
see "Jacketed valve."
3.155 Stem anti-rotation device:
a mechanical means of preventing rotation of the linear actuator stem and/or valve stem.
3.156 Stem boot:
a protective device similar to a flexible bellows, used outside the bonnet to protect the valve stem from the
surrounding atmosphere.
3.157 Stem connector:
the device that connects the actuator stem to the valve stem.
3.158 Stem guide:
a guide bushing closely fitted to the valve stem and aligned with the seat.
3.159 Stem rotation:
a phenomenon that occurs in linear motion valves when the hydraulic forces from the process fluid cause
the closure member to rotate about the stem axis.
3.160 Stem seals:
see "Bellows stem seal" and "Packing."
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3.161 Stroke:
a nonstandard term, see "Travel."
3.162 Stroke cycle:
a nonstandard term, see "Travel cycle."
3.163 Stroke time:
a nonstandard term, see "Travel time."
3.164 Three-way valve:
a valve with three end connections, used for combining or diverting flow. (See figure 9.)
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ISA
Attn: Standards Department
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P.O. Box 12277
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
ISBN 1-55617-741-0