call admission control (CAC) definition

Call admission control (CAC) is the practice or process of regulating traffic volume in voice
communications, particularly in wireless mobile networks and in VoIP (voice over Internet
Protocol, also known as Internet telephony). Call admission control can also be used to ensure, or
maintain, a certain level of audio quality in voice communications networks, or a certain level of
performance in Internet nodes and servers where VoIP traffic exists.

Call Admission Control (CAC) prevents oversubscription of VoIP networks. It is used in the
call set-up phase and applies to real-time media traffic as opposed to data traffic. CAC
mechanisms complement and are distinct from the capabilities of Quality of Service tools to
protect voice traffic from the negative effects of other voice traffic and to keep excess voice
traffic off the network. Since it averts voice traffic congestion, it is a preventive Congestion
Control Procedure. It ensures that there is enough bandwidth for authorized flows.
Integrated Services with RSVP (which reserve resources for the flow of packets through the
network) using controlled-load service ensures that a call cannot be set up if it cannot be
supported. CAC rejects calls when either there is insufficient CPU processing power, the
upstream and downstream traffic exceeds prespecified thresholds, or the number of calls being
handled exceeds a specified limit.[1]
Connection Admission Control (CAC) can be used to prevent congestion in connection-oriented
protocols such as ATM. In that context, there are several schemes available.[2] However, VoIP
differs in that it uses RTP, UDP and IP, all of which are connectionless protocols.

Type of Transport Channel for Initial RRC

Connection Setup

Parameter function: indicates the type of the channel and the

signaling rate for initial RRC connection setup.
Related factors: resource usage and call delay.
Adjustment suggestion: High-rate signaling can effectively speed
up the establishment of RRC connection and shorten the call delay.
However, it requires more radio resources than low-rate signaling
does. It is recommended to use high-rate signaling because the

process of establishing a RRC connection is very short.

NRI Network Resource Identifier

The Network Resource Identifier (NRI) identifies uniquely an individual CN node out of all
CN nodes, which serve in
parallel a pool-area. The length of the NRI shall be the same in all nodes of a domain in one
pool-area. In areas where
pool-areas overlap the NRI identifies uniquely a CN node out of all CN nodes, which serve
all these overlapping poolareas, i.e. an NRI identifies uniquely a CN node within a RAN node. In case of overlapping
pool-areas the NRI length
shall be configured to be the same in all the nodes of a specific domain serving these poolareas. Note again, that the
NRIs of the CS and the PS domain are independent of each other as the PS and the CS
domain CN nodes are addressed
independently. More than one NRI may be assigned to a CN node.
The NRI is part of the temporary identity TMSI (CS domain) or P-TMSI (PS domain), which
is assigned by the serving
CN node to the MS. Each CN node which supports the "Intra Domain Connection of RAN
Nodes to Multiple CN
Nodes" is configured with its specific one or more NRI(s). The (P-)TMSI allocation
mechanism in the CN node
generates (P-)TMSIs which contain a configured NRI in the relevant bit positions. The NRI
has a flexible length
between 10 and 0 bits (0 bits means the NRI is not used and the feature is not applied).
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS)

is a point-to-multipoint interface specification for existing and upcoming 3GPP

cellular networks, which is designed to provide efficient delivery of broadcast and
multicast services, both within a cell as well as within the core network. For
broadcast transmission across multiple cells, it defines transmission via singlefrequency network configurations. Target applications include mobile TV and radio
broadcasting, as well as file delivery and emergency alerts.

Hierarchical cell structure ("HCS") used in mobile telecommunication means splitting of

cells. This type of cell structure allows the network to effectively use the geographical area and
serve an increasing population.

The large cell (called a "macro cell") is rearranged to include small cells in it called micro and
pico cells. The cricket stadium/exhibition ground can be a micro cell and a multi storied building
can be a pico cell within the large cell. The micro/pico cell is allocated the radio spectrum to
serve the increased population. The User Equipments (UEs) going out of the pico/micro cells are
allowed to reselect the larger cell.
The HCS cells are given priorities from 0-7 where 0 is the lowest priority and 7 the highest. The
cells close to the serving cell are given highest priority. The mobiles in high mobility prioritise to
reselect to the lower priority cells to avoid continuous reselections.
Microcells can add localized capacity within Macro cell.

DSCR
Detected Set Cell Reporting

The Waiting Timer for UE Handover When

Board's Power is
Of

This parameter indicates the timer for waiting UEs hand over to 2G
or DSCR when a board is powered off. When the timer expires,
the CS service releases the RRC, and the PS service releases the
DSCR.