Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Edwin A. Rivera
Delphi Powertrain Systems
John E. Kirwan
Delphi Powertrain Systems
120
Worldw
wide Light Duty V
Vehicles
(Millions)
GDi E
Engines
i
Projected to be the fastest
growing market segment over
the next 10 years
Will become the dominant
internal combustion engine
100
Diesel
80
GDi Gasoline
60
GDi Hybrid
PFI Hybrid
40
20
0
PFI Gasoline
Source: IHS Feb 2013
2010
2
Diesel Hybrid
2013
2016
2019
2022
2025
25
20
PM (mg/mile)
CA / US OBD Threshold
15
10
CA LEV /
US Emission
Standard
5
LEV III (& US Tier 3 Expected) 3 mg/mi Phase in
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
4
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
TIMING
TARGETING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
Correction activated
ICLC ON
4cyl. TGDi
1200rpm / 3x 2mg / 200bar
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
EDM Process
Flow Hole
Counterbore
7
Laser Drilling
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZING
TARGETING
8
TIMING
ATOMIZATION
METERING
TARGETING
R
d
d variation
i ti iin spray plume
l
l and
d plume
l
Reduced
angle
targeting
Patternation:
Single injector
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
10
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZATION
TARGETING
Thermodynamics
Emissions
11
Market info:
planned SOPs
High precision material removal provides greater injectorto-injector targeting and metering consistency
E
Excellent
ll t surface
f
quality
lit and
d sharp
h
edges
d
reduce
d
coking
ki
to improve consistency over injector lifetime
Injector Spray Patternation
Before Injector
Coking Test
EDM
Laser Drilling
High precision material removal provides greater injectorto-injector targeting and metering consistency
E
Excellent
ll t surface
f
quality
lit and
d sharp
h
edges
d
reduce
d
coking
ki
to improve consistency over injector lifetime
Injector Spray Patternation
After Injector
Coking Test
Before Injector
Coking Test
EDM
Laser Drilling
High precision material removal provides greater injectorto-injector targeting and metering consistency
E
Excellent
ll t surface
f
quality
lit and
d sharp
h
edges
d
reduce
d
coking
ki
to improve consistency over injector lifetime
Non-conventional hole shape production capability
increases spray generation flexibility
Improved airentrainment
Advanced Combustion:
Trend: Stratified Combustion Systems
Future system scenario: stratified combustion
in downsized,
downsized turbocharged engines
Enabler for additional fuel consumption reduction
beyond homogeneous turbocharging and
downsizing
Side view
Bottom view
16
TIMING
ATOMIZATION
METERING
TARGETING
TIMING
METERING
ATOMIZING
TARGETING
17
TIMING
ATOMIZATION
METERING
TARGETING
TDC
BDC
TDC
4.5E+6
(COV >25%)
4.4E+4
TDC
BDC
P
Penetration
t ti control
t l to
t minimize
i i i
combustion chamber wall wetting to
reduce particulate emissions and oil
dilution
Reduced catalyst light-off time resulting
from up to 5 injections with variable
timing and mass split to reduce cold
p
start emissions and fuel consumption
18
Single
S g e Cy
Cylinder
de Engine
g e
Results:
R
lt
TDC
(COV >15%)
TIMING
ATOMIZING
METERING
TARGETING
19
E100
Heated Tip Injection
20
Leverages
g CNG-fueled vehicle benefits:
25% CO2 emissions reduction vs.
gasoline from reduced fuel carbon
content
Reduced fuel cost vs.
vs gasoline
Near-zero particulate emissions
g/s
%lin
LL
UL
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
15
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0
21
5
Pulse Width,
Width ms
10
Deviatiion. %
Flow, g
g/s
400
350
T o r q u e [N m ]
300
250
Manifold injection
Direct injection
200
150
100
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
Engine Speed [rpm]
(IAV 7th Gas Powered Vehicle Conference)
22
Customer Benefits
23
Thank you
D
Decoupled
l d armature
t
Fuel Injection Technology Trends Feb. 25, 2014