Things Site Engineers Must Know About Reinforcement and

Steel Bars
Clear
cover
to
main
reinforcement
in
Footings
:
50
mm
Raft
foundation
Top
:
50
mm
Raft
foundation
Bottom/
sides
:
75
mm
Strap
Beam
:
50
mm
Grade
Slab
:
20
mm
Column
:
40
mm
(d>12mm)
25
mm
(d=
12mm)
Shear
Wall
:
25
mm
Beams
:
25
mm
Slabs
:
15
mm
or
not
less
than
diameter
of
the
bar.
Flat
Slab
:
20
mm
Staircase
:
15
mm
Retaining
Wall
on
Earth
:
20/
25
mm
Water
retaining
structures
:
20
/
30
mm
Sunshade (Chajja) : 25 mm
Hook for stirrups is 9D for one side
No. of stirrups = (clear span/Spanning) + 1
For Cantilever anchorage length for main steel is 69D
L for column main rod in footing is minimum of 300mm
Chairs of minimum 12 mm diameter bars should be used.
Minimum diameter of dowel bars should be 12 mm
Lap slices should not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.
In steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.
Lapping is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm.

Minimum number of bars for a square column are 4 and for circular column are 6.
Longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.
Weight of rod per meter length = d2/162 where d is the diameter in mm
All reinforcement shall be free from mill scales, loose rust & coats of paints, oil or any other
substances.
Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars) and the
distributors not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
In
case
of
spacing
of
bars
Provide the diameter of the bar, if the diameter of the bar are equal.
Provide the diameter of the larger bar, if the diameter are unequal.
5mm more than the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate.
Things Site Engineers Must Know
Check out the Unit Weights and Conversion which will be required on construction site
here
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er Vikrant for submitting this construction site check
list which is of great use to all civil engineers.
Filed under Student Corner | 1 Comment

Things Site Engineers Must Know

Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.
Water absorption should not be more than 15 %.
Dimension tolerance for cubes + 2 mm.
Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N /mm2
Maximum Free fall of concrete allowed is 1.50 m.
In soil filling as per IS code for every 100 sqm 3 sample for core cutting test should be taken.
Electrical conduits shall not run in column
Earth work excavation for basement above 3 m should be stepped form

Any back filling shall be compacted 95% of dry density at the optimum moisture content and in
layers not more than 200mm for filling above structure and 300 mm for no structure
F soling is specified the soling stones shall be laid at 45 to 60 inclination (and not vertical)
with interstices filled with sand or moorum.
A set of cube tests shall be carried out for each 30 cum of concrete / each levels of casting / each
batch
of cement.
Water cement ratio for different grades of concrete shall not exceed 0.45 for M20 and above and
0.50 For M10 / M15 contractor
For concrete grades M20 and above approved admixture shall be used as per mix design
requirements.
Cement shall be stored in dry places on a raised platform about 200mm above floor level and
300mm away from walls. Bags to be stacked not more than 10 bags high in such a manner that it
is adequately protected from moisture and contamination.
Samples from fresh concrete shall be taken and at least a set of 6 cubes of 150mm shall be
prepared
and
cured. 3 Cubes each at 7 days and 28 days shall be tested for compressive strength. The test
results
should be submitted to engineer for approval. If results are unsatisfactory necessary
action/rectification/remedial measures has to be exercised.
Water used for both mixing and curing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils,
acids, alkalies, salts, sugar and organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to
concrete or steel. The ph shall be generally between 6 and 8.
Cement
shall
be
tested
for
its
1.
The
initial
setting
time
shall
not
be
less
than
30
2. The final setting time shall not be more than 10 hours.
Slump
IS
Lightly
reinforced
25

75
Heavily
reinforced
75

100
Trench fill (insitu & Tremie) 100 150 mm (For Tremie no need of vibrator)

setting.
minutes.
456
mm
mm

Curing
Days
Required
Super
Sulphate
cement
:
7
days
Ordinary
Portland
cement
OPC
:
10
days
Minerals and Admixture added cement : 14 days
Cube
Samples
1

5
M3 :
1
No.
3
6

15
M :
2
Nos
16

30
M3 :
3
Nos
3
31

50
M :
4
Nos
Above 50 M3 : 4 + 1 No of addition sample for each 50 M3.
Things Site Engineers Must Know About Reinforcement and Steel Bars
Check out the Unit Weights and Conversion which will be required on construction site
here
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er Vikrant for submitting this construction site check
list which is of great use to all civil engineers.
Filed under Student Corner | 1 Comment

What are the Tolerance Limits on Construction Site?

Accuracy
of
measuring
equipment
in
batching
plant.
Cement
:
+

2%
Aggregate
:
+

3%
Admixture
:
+

3%
Water
:
+

3%
Mixing time : 2 minutes for one mixing. (Mixing which is being done on site)
Tolerance
in
Form
work
In C/S for columns & Beams deviation is = + 12mm more (or) 6mm less in size
In
footing
plan
=
+
50
mm
more
(or)

12
mm
less
size
In depth = + 0.05 D (specified thickness).
Tolerance
in
Reinforcement
For
effective
depth
D
<
=
200mm
=
+10mm
For
effective
depth
D
>
200mm
=
+15mm
For
Cover
to
reinforcement
=
+
10mm
Maximum freefall of concrete = 1.50 m height.
Tolerance
on
diameter
in
length
0-25mm
=
+0.5
%
25-35mm
=
+0.6
%
35-50mm = +- 0.8 %

Tolerance
on
weight
per
0-10mm
=
+10-16mm
=
+16 and above = +- 3%
Tolerance
for
cutting
A) When the specified length is not given = + 75mm
B) When the minimum length is specified = + 50 mm (or) 0 mm
We are thankful to Er. Vikrant for submitting this to us.

metre
7%
5%

(or)

Length
25 mm

Filed under Student Corner | 2 Comments

Unit Weight of Materials Used at Construction Site

Following table shows unit weight of materials used at construction site. Please note this is for
reference purpose only and may vary from place and type of material.
We are thankful to Engineer Ravi Verma for submitting this very useful information to us. If you
also have any other formula and shortcuts which can be used on construction site do submit it to
us using the submit form here
S.No

Theoretical
Weight
in(KG/M)

Approx Weight at Site Remarks

in
Kg

Per

1440
7850

50
d/162

Bag

4
5
6

Cement
Steel
SandDry
River
Stone(basalt)
Water
PCC

1600
1840
2850 to 2960
1000
2240

50 to 55
57 to 63
48 to 52
1
8.24 to 8.5

farma
farma
farma
liter
Cube
mould

1 farma=1.25cft
1 farma=1.25cft
metal 12mm to 20mm

7
8

RCC 2% Steel
Bricks

2420
1600 to 1920

1.9 to 2
4.8 to 4.9

no
no

94x2 3/4
96x3 3/4

9
10
11

Brick Masonry
Soil(damp)
Cement concrete
block(solid)

1920
1760
1800

Cement Mortar

2080

cft
cft
no
cft

Black cotton
3015x20 cm
3010x20 cm

12

50 to 55
18 to 20
10 to 11
57 to 62

1
2
3

Material

d -dia in mm

cube mould
size=1515x15cm

13
14
15
16
17
18

Lime Mortar
Lime
Glass
Teak Wood
Sal Wood
Marble mosaic tile

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Chequered tile
Glazed tile1515cm
Marble Stone
Granite Stone
Coddappa
A.C.sheet corrugated
Bitumen
Window frame (simple
design)
Door Frame
a)30070

27

b)26x70

1760
640
2530
670 to 830
990

2620
2460-2800
2720
16
1040

48 to 52
30
0.9 to 0.95
18 to 20
22 to 24
2.8 to 3.2
4.8 to 5.2
2.5 to 2.8
0.20 to 0.25
5.1
5.35
6.4
1.2
220
1.9 to2.1

cft
bag
sft
cft
cft
no
no
no
no
sft
sft
sft
sft
Drum
sft

25 to 27

no

4mm tk plain

2525x22mm
3030x25mm
2525x22mm
5mm tk
3/4tk
3/4tk
1 1/4tk
200liter drum

section 4x2 1/2