1.

The characteristic of muscle that allows it to be passively
stretched is:
a. conductivity.
b. elasticity.
c. excitability.
d. extensibility.
e. contractility.
2. Which are possible functions of skeletal muscles?
a: Maintenance of posture
b: Both highly coordinated and localized simple movements
c: Temperature regulation
d: Support of certain body organs
e: Regulation of the movement of material through certain body tracts
a. a, b, e
b. a, b, c
c. a, b, c, e
d. a, b, c, d
e. a, b, c, d, e
3. A skeletal muscle cell can be several inches long. The property
of muscle tissue that allows an impulse to travel down the
entire length of the cell membrane is:
a. elasticity.
b. conductivity.
c. extensibility.
d. contractility.
e. responsibility.
4. The spring-like property that returns muscle to its original
length after a contraction ends is:
a. extensibility.
b. elasticity.
c. contractility.
d. treppe effect.
e. conductivity.
5. In general, a skeletal muscle is composed of:
a: connective tissue sheaths
b: nerves
c: arteries
d: veins
e: muscle fibers
a. a, b, c, e
b. a, b, d, e
c. b, c, d, e

c. Which is a correct listing of the hierarchy of a skeletal muscle's components. d. b. b. b. aponeurosis. c. b. c. e 6. d e. _____ a. e. b. tendon. b. c. b. thin structure made of dense connective tissue that serves to attach a muscle to a bone (or to another muscle) is a(n): a. d e. b. a. b. c. a. tendon. d 7. A flat. b. c c. e. a. c b. ligament. a. 10. c. a. d. d b. c. a. b d. c. c. a. c. a e.d. d c. fascia. d. beginning with the outermost first? a: Endomysium b: Epimysium c: Perimysium a. myolemma. beginning with the smallest? a: Myofibrils b: Muscle fiber c: Fascicle d: Skeletal muscle a. b. sphincter. b. 9. c. a. b. a d. sensory contractile . myofibril. b. c. d. The neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called neurons. Which is the correct order of the connective tissue layers of a skeletal muscle. The structure responsible for attaching muscle to bone is a: a. superficial fascia. perimysium. a 8. a.

e. sarcolemma. a. d. cytokinesis of embryonic satellite cells. The membranous network that wraps around myofibrils and holds relatively high concentrations of calcium is known as the: a. b. motor e. sarcoplasmic reticulum. 16. d. Synaptic clefts c. end plates. Golgi body 13. terminal cisternae. b. b.c. sarcomere. T-tubule. Actin . Synaptic vesicles b. 14. d. Which protein makes up the thick filaments? Myosin Actin Tropomyosin Troponin Myopathy Which is not a protein found in thin filaments? a. fusion of myoblasts. T-tubules. inhibitory d. c. b. spontaneous development of nuclei in embryonic cells. c. d. Which are the reservoirs that store the calcium required for muscle contraction? a. stimulation of fibroblasts by hormones. Z-discs. e. c. Terminal cisternae d. c. e. Invaginations of the muscle cell membrane that extend deep into the cell are known as the: a. e. action of testosterone on mesenchyme cell. association 11. The multiple nuclei in skeletal muscle cells are the result of the: a. Peroxisomes e. Mitochondria 15. 12. titin complexes.

A c. they are cylindrical in shape-about 2 micrometers in diameter and as long as the cell. I b. → Z d. d. e. a. ! myofibrils b. sarcomeres d. A skeletal muscle cell contains hundreds to thousands of _________. A c. c. I b. microfilaments c. d. Troponin Tropomyosin → Sarcomyosin No exceptions. all are found in thin filaments 17. sarcolemma 19. Which letter is associated with the line that is a thin protein structure that serves as an attachment site for thin filament ends? a. which are complex organelles. Each thick filament contains about ______ protein molecules (each molecule has two heads and two braided tails). T-tubules e. Which letter is associated with the light band and contains thin filaments only? a. What is the letter associated with the dark bands in a sarcomere? I →A Z M H 20. c. Which letter is associated with a zone (in a relaxed muscle) that is a little more lightly shaded because only thick filaments are present? a. M . M e. 200 18. Z e. ! I b. b.b. H 21. e. M d. A c. a. a. → H 22.

nebulin. M line 25. d. Sarcoplasm 24. hemoglobin. c. Myoglobin is a molecule within muscle cells that can bind: creatine phosphate. One feature that helps provide fast energy to a muscle cell is the presence of granules containing the complex carbohydrate: a. The presence of mitochondria and myoglobin facilitate _________ respiration in muscle cells. e. a. c. I band c. acetylcholine. → oxygen. hemoglobin. 3000 27. ! aerobic b. ! Actin b. (The same answer fills in both spaces. H 23. H zone d. a.) a. d. ATP 26. creatine phosphate. . Troponin c. A sarcomere is defined as the distance from one _____ to the next adjacent ____ . Z e. 3 b. A band e. → 300 d. Myosin e. e. 30 c. → glycogen. b. ! Z disc b. Which of the myofilaments of a muscle fiber has the active sites to which the heads of the thick filaments will bind? a. anaerobic 28. b.d. A typical skeletal muscle cell contains approximately _____ mitochondria. Tropomyosin d. a. myoglobin.

d. enters through active transport pumps and triggers the release of transmitter. calcium: a. be much like those in the eye muscles. e. b. a. Which structures are reservoirs that store acetylcholine? ! Synaptic vesicles Synaptic clefts Terminal cisternae Lysosomes Sarcomeres 34. generally contain less than ten fibers. d. → generally contain several hundred fibers. an end plate. Fibers from one motor unit: a. → are dispersed throughout most of the muscle.29. multiple motor neurons and the one muscle fiber they control. d. and sarcoplasmic reticulum. 33. is released from synaptic vesicles. e. synaptic knob. A motor unit consists of: multiple motor neurons and multiple muscle fibers. b. Ach floor. exits through active transport pumps and brings transmitter with it. a. → synaptic cleft. b. and an acetylcholine receptor. c. c. d. synaptic vesicle. e. a cleft. c. c. a. → enters through voltage-gated channels and triggers the release of transmitter. exits through voltage-gated channels and triggers transmitter release. 32. b. → a single motor neuron and the multiple muscle fibers it controls. one synaptic terminal button. are clustered together within one fascicle of the muscle. c. 31. . When an impulse arrives at the knob of the motor neuron. The narrow space that separates the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber in a neuromuscular junction is called the: a. A motor unit within the powerful quadriceps muscle would: contain several motor neurons. e. motor end plate. b. b. 30. d. T-tubule.

b. in the mitochondria. within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Acetylcholinesterase b. Norepinephrine 39. d. Serotonin e. 41. allowing calcium to enter the cell. a. Which is the neurotransmitter that causes the release of calcium ions from reservoirs within the muscle cell and thereby initiates the steps of contraction? a. negative charge for the cell. elastin d. → voltage-gated K+ channels. 36. Rubitussin c. b. → Acetylcholine d. a. c. as sodium rapidly enters. 37. as sodium rapidly enters a. The way acetylcholine is released from a neuron is: by a primary active transport pump. Acetylcholine exerts its effect by: stimulating the motor neuron's synaptic knob. The calcium ions involved in skeletal muscle contraction bind to a(n)______ subunit. by conduction through a gap junction from nerve to muscle.35. c. activating acetylcholinesterase. d. chemically gated K+ channels. → binding to receptors at the motor end plate. c. The repolarization of the action potential involves the opening of: chemically gated Na+ channels. as potassium rapidly enters. An end plate potential is an event that involves a gain of: positive charge for the cell. → along the sarcolemma and down the T-tubules. b. c. b. → positive charge for the cell. 38. negative charge for the cell. . b. → through exocytosis when a vesicle fuses with the membrane. a. a. 42. by rapid diffusion when a voltage-gated ion channel opens for it. c. d. a. actin c. myosin b. voltage-gated Na+ channels. tropomyosin e. The action potential of a muscle fiber occurs: at the end plate. as potassium rapidly enters. → troponin 40. d.

d.detach . . ! Ach receptors close and Ca++ channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum close. b. a thick filament pushing an actin filament towards the nearest Zline. a. b. troponin binds calcium and blocks the binding sites on actin. Ach receptors open and Ca++ channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum close. Which sequence correctly lists the changes that allow the thick and thin filaments to slide past one another in skeletal muscle contraction? a.attach . For relaxation to occur: a. → a myosin head pulling a thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. 48. c.pivot . Immediately preceding the power stroke 45. a failure to stimulate the muscle due to decreased Ach release. d. calcium leaves the sarcoplasmic reticulum. enhanced stimulation of the muscle due to enhanced Ach release. Attach . During which phase of the crossbridge cycle is ATP split into ADP and Pi? a. A drug that inhibited acetylcholinesterase would result in: a. For relaxation to occur: a.return b. a thin filament shortening in length and thereby shortening the sarcomere.detach c. poor muscle stimulation due to enhanced Ach breakdown 47.return d. Ach receptors open and Ca++ channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum open.attach .pivot . 46.return .43. → Immediately preceding the resetting of the myosin head c. Pivot .detach e.detach . A power stroke involves: an actin molecule pulling a myosin molecule toward the M-line. Pivot . Ach receptors close and Ca++ channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum open.return 44. ! Attach . Immediately preceding the detachment of the myosin head b.pivot .detach .attach . Return . b. → enhanced stimulation of the muscle due to decreased Ach breakdown. c. c. d.

The net energy yield from one glucose molecule through the process of glycolysis is: a. 49. 34 ATP. and tropomyosin slides away from actin. → anaerobic process that occurs in the cytosol. c. b. it detaches from myosin. → crossbridges stop forming and muscle elasticity returns the muscle to rest length. calcium enters the myofibril. The phosphagen system is used for: immediate ATP needs and is dependent on oxygen. crossbridges stop forming and muscle extensibility returns the muscle to rest length 50. aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria. d. crossbridges form and muscle elasticity returns the muscle to rest length. For a sprint lasting 60 seconds. Glycolysis is an: aerobic process that occurs in the cytosol. e. a. c. d. long term ATP needs and is dependent on oxygen. oxidative phosphorylation. b. → sarcoplasm calcium levels fall. → the phosphagen system but primarily by glycolysis. extracellular calcium levels fall. 36 ATP 53. and the binding sites on myosin become inactive. and tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin. c. c. Oxidative fibers are: .b. 6 ATP. crossbridges form and muscle extensibility returns the muscle to rest length. d. 51. b. ATP is supplied initially by: aerobic respiration but eventually by anaerobic respiration. When a muscle relaxes: a. myokinase but primarily by creatine kinase. d. anaerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria 52. calcium is removed from troponin. → immediate ATP needs and is not dependent on oxygen. a. c. ! 2 ATP. calcium is pumped into the myofibril. a. the phosphagen system but primarily by aerobic respiration. d. long term ATP needs and is not dependent on the presence of oxygen. b. d. c. but eventually by the phosphagen system. 54. b.

! red and fatigue-resistant. slow 60. a. Fast c. such as the release of calcium from intracellular stores. → fast. Which fibers dominate many of the back and calf muscles that contract almost continually to maintain posture? a. glycolytic fibers. a. contraction c. slow. latent 61. are _____ fibers. fast b. ! more extensive than b. Muscles of the eye and hand have a high percentage of _______ fibers. Slow b. contraction b. for example. c. Events of excitation contraction coupling. intermediate 56. The type of fibers specialized to continue contracting for extended periods of time. oxidative fibers 58. less extensive than c. a. occur during the ________ period of a muscle twitch. glycolytic fibers. white and fatigue-resistant. oxidative fibers. "Intermediate fibers" is another name for: fast. b. red and fatigable. Intermediate 59. d. latent . fast b. relaxation b. d. Release of crossbridges and a decline in muscle tension characterize the _______ period of a twitch. a. The vascular supply to slow muscle fibers is ______ the network of capillaries around fast muscle fibers. as would be required in running a marathon. c. a. the same as that of 57. slow. a.a. b. → slow c. white and fatigable 55.

incomplete tetany e. a. relaxation 62. continuously vary c. The primary way the level of force of muscle contraction is controlled is by: a. recruitment. When a muscle is isometrically contracted. d. stabilize d. wave summation b. a. Muscle tone is a result of _________ nervous system activity. an increased muscle response to a constant stimulus. its length _______ change. c. d. incomplete tetany 63. Consider the difference between lifting a light pad of paper versus a heavy text book. The top long distance runners probably have _______ proportion of slow muscle fibers in their leg muscles.c. a higher . multiple motor unit summation d. b. involuntary. "Staircase" and "warm up" are alternative names for ___________. isotony 65. Isotonic 67. activating the motor units at a different frequency. does not 68. c. and it acts to _________ joint position. 64. recruiting a different number of motor units. a. altering the number of crossbridges each individual fiber uses. a. Isometric b. does b. involuntary. activating different regions of the muscle. b. The increase in muscle tension that occurs with an increase in the intensity (voltage) of a stimulus is called: a. continuously vary 66. voluntary. treppe. Which contraction occurs when you try (unsuccessfully) to move a wall? a. treppe c. voluntary. wave summation. stabilize b.

a. an increase in muscle fiber diameter. c. The most prevalent of skeletal muscle fibers in the body are _____ fibers. by an increase in the size of muscle cells. Ach release by synaptic knobs of motor neurons 72. intermediate 70. increased glycogen reserves. The main way a body builder's muscles become larger is: a. d. e. in extension. Which may occur as a result of muscle atrophy? Reduction in muscle size Fibers become weaker Muscle loses tone Fibers waste away and die All choices are correct a. full extension results in decreased overlap between thick and thin filaments in the muscle. fast c. e. phosphate release by myosin heads during crossbridge cycling. d. a. in that posture. motor neurons cannot release as much Ach in that posture 71. d. 73. b. With increased age. by an increase in the number of muscle cells. c. b. a tendency to fatigue less rapidly. levels of available ATP to provide energy for contraction. b. the proximity of Z discs to thick filaments restricts the sliding movement within sarcomeres. some myosin heads overlap actin in the wrong orientation and tug actin in the wrong direction. Increased phosphate ion concentration is believed to contribute to fatigue by interfering with: a. a lower c. b. . 74. d. skeletal muscles show: a decrease in the number of myofibrils. calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. c. the same 69.b. b. c. Slow b. no change in oxygen storage capability. One of the reasons you might struggle to lift a heavy object if you tried to lift it with your arm at a fully extended posture is that: a.

hyperplasia but not hypertrophy 78. The branch of the nervous system that helps govern smooth muscle contraction is the _______ nervous system. which then activates myosin light chain kinase. a. e. A term that describes the change in muscle following a lack of exercise is: a. myosin light chain kinase. smooth. neither hypertrophy nor hyperplasia b. To initiate a smooth muscle cell contraction. b. contracting. cardiac and skeletal. a myosin head. proliferation. hypertrophy but not hyperplasia d. convergence. d. calcium enters the cell and binds to: a. smooth 79. a phosphatase. a. b. c. skeletal. troponin. it responds by: a. calmodulin. cardiac b. cardiac. c. myofascia 76.75. which then binds to and activates myosin light chain kinase. d. somatic 81. . both hypertrophy and hyperplasia c. c. atrophy. The latchbridge mechanism of myosin heads is a property of ________ muscle. which then activates calmodulin. When smooth muscle is stretched for a prolonged period of time. b. skeletal c. which then hydrolyzes ATP. d. but no Z discs. hypertrophy. The type of muscle fibers that have only a single nucleus. are: a. cardiac and smooth. e. 77. e. autonomic b. which then removes the tropomyosin blockade 80. both thick and thin filaments. Growth of the uterus during pregnancy is accomplished by _________ of its smooth muscle. a.

gap junctions that connect neurons to smooth muscle cells. 1 b. multiunit. 4 d. cardiac muscle. 83. which is also known as varicose muscle. relaxing 82. The iris of the eye contains: The most abundant form of smooth muscle is: a. which is also known as visceral smooth muscle. This sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle. e. Rather than tightly coupled synapses between neurons and muscle cells. b. c. 3 c. d.b. b. d. which is also known as visceral smooth muscle. The M line is noted by number a. and have junctions called intercalated discs are: . multiunit. single-unit. 5 88. The type of muscle fibers that are striated. b. which is also known as somatic nervous system muscle 85. multiunit. single-unit. single-unit smooth muscle contains: a. This sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle. d. 84. varicosities of a subset of muscle fibers so that individual cells can be separately stimulated. form Y-shaped branches. b. plaques and caveolae that contain multiple hormone receptors for discrete endocrine control 86. single-unit. a. Number 1 denotes the A band H zone Z disc M line I band 87. c. Smooth muscle tissue in which cells are individually sent signals to contract (rather than contracting in unison) is referred to as: a. e. diffuse junctions where neuron varicosities are responsible for neurotransmitter release. c. which is also known as visceral smooth muscle.

d. smooth. skeletal. . skeletal and voluntary. e. b.a. cardiac. c. voluntary.