GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON FAMILY

LIVING IN VICTORIA ISLAND ETI-OSA LOCAL

GOVERNMENT AREA IN LAGOS STATE NIGERIA.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study

According to Roach (2006), global warming is the

situation whereby the sustained average temperature of
the

earth

atmosphere

increases,

human

activities

contributes to this change through the build up of heat

trapping, green house gases overtime. This increase
may be suffi cient to cause climatic changes, including
rising sea levels, altering precipitation patterns and
changing water supplies and crop yields. Markham
(2006), contributed that global warming occurs when
the earth heats up and temperature rises, this takes
place

when

the

carbon(iv)Oxide,

green

water

house

vapor,

gases

nitrous

such
oxide

as
and

methane traps the heat and light coming from the sun
in the earths atmosphere which in turn increases the
temperature.
The green house eff ect is as a result of the
temperature rising when the heat and light from the sun
gets trapped within the earths atmosphere. It is similar

to the heat that gets trapped inside a parked car.

Markham (2006) gave illustration that a family that has
a large number of children in the house intend to emit
carbon (iv) oxide in the atmosphere thereby resulting to
global warming.
This brought about what is called green house
eff ect. The carbon (iv) oxide released cannot escape
freely,

thereby

increasing

the

risk

of

conducive

atmosphere and high temperature.

In a hot afternoon a car parked out will get hotter
as

it

stays

our

in

the

parking

lots,

its

rise

in

temperature brings about the heat and light coming

from the sun which gets into the car through the
windows, it enters and cannot escape from it, and so
the temperature rises.
According to Burke (2008), global warming will
aff ect peoples supply of food, (food insecurity) and it
has eff ects on important areas of our lives, our families,
children, economy, communities and health.

In our families and children: food insecurity can be

very stressful, parents especially, can be anxious about
having enough food for their children and being able to
give them food so they can grow up strong and healthy,
some

families

can

become

preoccupied

with

food;

worrying about whether there is enough food for the

next day, this kind of stress can be bad for our health,
stressed and insecure can lead to depression, anger,
diabetes and high blood pressure. It can also make it
hard for people to fight off infections like cold and flu.
Poor

nutrition

in

childhood

can

aff ect

the

development of both the body and mind. Food insecurity

leads to poverty, inequality and unemployment in our
communities, and leads to its breakdown. Also in our
environment, global warming aff ects the methods used
for growing and gathering food due to climate changes
and this aff ects the environment in so many ways, there
is loss of natural vegetation some kinds of plants are
being

wiped

out,

the

quality

and

amount

of

land

available for growing food is declining. Topsoil, the

living fertile part of the soil is blowing and washing

away pesticides and bacterial (for example E.coIi) are

contaminating.
Global warming also aff ects water supplies, changes in
climatic pattern particularly precipitation, it will aff ect
basic aspects of every ones way of living such as power
supply, Agriculture and body change.
Stow

(2007),

commented

that

agriculture

is

dependent on the climate, so global wa impacts the

food

and

water

supply,

heat waves,

droughts and

flooding, It presents barriers to eff ective agricultural

production.
Consequently farmers may have to relocate to
geographic location that have more agreeable climate
conditions for the types of crops they are farming,
which can aff ect the types of crops available through
various seasons, with rising temperatures, certain crops
that do well in the heat will have a longer production
season, while other crops may have a very short season
which will lead to shortage of certain corps source
according to Mora (2006), the increase in ocean water
temperature

will

aff ect

the

fishing

industry,

harsh

weather conditions will have threatening eff ects on

overall health and safety.
Also according to (Barnette 2007) family planning
should be imposed on various families to improve good
family life, so as to avoid over population. It is know
that the concept of family planning and global warming
is not new in many advanced countries of the world
especially Nigeria, this concept and its practice is not
yet widely accepted mostly in the Northern parts of
Nigeria like Kaduna, Kano, Borno etc. According to
Barnette, investment in family planning for families
globally could prove one useful wedge among many in
any overall strategies to slow global warming In family
living
surveys demonstrates that there is a large unmet needs
for family planning in both developed and developing
regions.
Averting
contraception

a
and

birth
safe

by

improved

abortion

reduce carbondioxide emission.

would

access

to

significantly

According to Deweerd. S (2007) over population is

one factor that influences the family negatively, by
definition, over population is the condition whereby the
number of organism exceeds the carrying capacity of
their

habitat.

We

are

facing

the

eff ects

of

overpopulation in our daily lives. It implies scarcity of

resources

and

economic

inflation,

these

are

the

monsters that can make life miserable. Living through

the negative eff ects of overpopulation, have made
people realize serious problems associated with it.
Anyone

with

commitment

to

human

right

will

recognize that population growth is one factor linked to

environmental changes. Meanwhile, family living has to
do with the way diff erent people reason to live their life.
It involves their life cycles and stages, and also how
they meet and contributes to their various needs and
comforts, family living deals with the activities of
humans, their survival and involvement in improving the
advancement of the nation. The earth may suff er form
heat and cold waves while natural calamities such as
storms and tornadoes can destroy peoples homes and

can

cause

heavy

human

casualties,

diseases

and

infections will rise as disease carry insects will adapt to

the hot or wet conditions.
According to West (1998). Diseases are likely to
spread more rapidly due to global warming. These
diseases that are carried by certain insects or vectors
can survive most eff ectively in warmer climate and are
inhibited by very cold weather, they are more likely to
flourish in a warmer world. The diseases are malaria,
yellow fever, Dengue fever; Westside virus, skin cancer,
meningitis

and

soon.

These

are

diseases

that

are

caused due to global warming, global warming aff ects

the number of mosquitoes at higher elevations, this is
because the tops of mountains are cooler than the base
of

mountains.

As

the

world

warms,

the

warmer

temperature will creep up the sides of the mountains

and that would allow mosquitoes and other insects that
want

the

warmer

weather

to

crawl

up

to

higher

elevations and this leads to the increase of malaria.

Also people may die from malnutrition as the
production of food decreases due to flood or drought,

when there is changes in climate it aff ects people and

animals. According to Galley (2004), Global warming
expedite the extinction of animal life on the planet,
because most animals and plants are adapted to live in
the climate in which they evolved, and its certain that
we are losing a lot of species due to global warming.
Gore (2006) emphasized that global warming eff ects are
real, global and measurable.
The causes are mainly from climates and humans.
The human races and the eff ect on us will be severe.
Global warming has various causes and eff ects on
human life and living it causes deforestation especially
tropical

forest,

for

wood,

pulp

and

farmland

also

increase in the usage of chemical fertilizers on crop

lands. It has eff ect on the rise of sea levels worldwide,
due to melting of two massive ice sheets
in Autarcia and green land, especially on the east o of
he United Stat.
According to McCarthy (2007), many nations round
the world will experience the eff ect of rising of sea
levels, which could displace millions of families. Also

families

due

to

global

warming

could

be

aff ected

because of massive crop failures. 90% chance three

billion people world wide will have to choose between
leaving their families to milder climes and go hungry
due to climate change within 100 years.
Climate change is expected to have the most
severe impact on water supplies shortage in future,
which is likely to threaten food production, reduce
sanitation, hinder economic development and damage
ecosystems. It causes more violent swings between
floods and drought. In order to live a healthy family life,
there is a lot to put into consideration for instance,
some appliances people use for comfort in their homes,
leads to carbon foot print which leads to the inhibition
of carbon (iv) oxide.
According to Doughman (2007), carbon foot print is
a measure of the amount of green house gases that we
put up by the car people drive, the home we heat, the
air conditioning we use and the generator we use when
there is no light also the appliances we plug in.

10

In Nigeria most electricity is produced by burning

fossils, that is (i.e) coal or natural gas.
Our carbon foot print measures how much the
electricity we use in our home causes carbon moon
oxide in a power plant to go up into the atmosphere, our
carbon foot print measures the amount of influence we
have on carbon (iv) oxide (co through our air travel.
Brigham (2006), opined that through a carbon foot
print one can get the cumulative picture of the aff ects
of global warming and how to reduce it. Recent research
has demonstrated that among the strategies that needs
to be brought to reduce global warming, there is
another basically free way one can do to stop or reduce
green house emissions and lower our carbon foot print
in a big way, it is simply the avoidance of beef in
homes. Its consumption increases ones carbon foot
print. It is known that constant belching and flatulence
from cattle produces enormous quantities of methane, a
green house gas which is 23 times more potent than
carbon (iv) oxide therefore it is advised to quit or eat
less of saturated fat.

11

The future is not somewhere we are going it is

something we are creating. Everyday we do things that
makes some future more probable and others less likely
Bogdonoff

(2004).

Global

warming

already

disrupts

millions of lives daily in the form of destructive weather

pattern and loss of habitat.
What is already happening is only the tip of an
iceberg. If
nothing is done its our children that will suff er the
eff ects.

Gelspan (2007) made known that hundreds of

millions of people may be exposed to famine, water

shortages, extreme weather conditions and 20-30% loss
of animals and plant species. If we do not reduce green
house gas (GHG) emission.
Reducing our carbon and green house gas emission
will not only make our personal and family living space
more sustainable, but it will also save us money in both
the short and the long term, and make our environment
a nice place to live. Global warming is occurring more
rapidly than it was originally expected forty years ago,
the big worry was global cooling. If we remain a cynic

12

however and disagree with the consensus of scientist,

we will benefit from reduce pollution, a more healthy
life style and increased savings.
Statement of Problem

The issue of global warming in Nigeria has to be

put into consideration due to the fact it has brought
many

problems

warming

aff ects

in

families

human,

if

and

societies.

proper

solution

Global
is

not

applied.
If

the

problem

of

population,

food

supply,

agriculture, water pollution diseases etc. are not fully

addressed it would lead to acute poverty in a state or
country, the rate of diseases will increase since sickness
are easily gotten.
Death rate will increase at a geometric rate and
almost everything will go wrong. Meanwhile the heat in
Lagos is so suff ocating now that when you go out during
the day it seems one would just melt let alone the
northern part of Nigeria.
This is because when sunlight reaches the earths
surface

some

are

absorbed

and

warms

the

earth.

13

Adeyemi (2011) in a keynote address said that Nigeria

has the least capacity of technology to eff ectively
tackle an emergence response incase of any great
quake. Speaking further he said that ignorance is the
main problem of climate changes, and that should be
the focal point of awareness, as people in the rural
areas still see the obvious eff ect of climate changes.
Despite the fact that Nigeria is signatory to the
1992 protocol and the creation of the special climate
unit in 2006, under the federal ministry of environment,
much has not been done and no concrete step has been
taken on our vulnerability to climate change induced
diseases.
The question now is: What adaptive measures do we
have on ground as we all know that climate changes is
here and lives with Nigerians? Also how do we manage
it?. The rescue terms of lands and properties were lost,
leaving a sore taste at the throat of those left behind to
mourn.
Nigeria needs to strategize even on how to grasp
this opportunity of the green climate fund established to

14

address the impact of climate change, which could

aff ect many things that are vital to human lives. So it
would be best to focus on the solution and prevention of
global warming and it eff ects.
Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is the influence of global

warming on family living.
Specific purposes are
1) Influence of global warming on food security in
families
2) Influence of global warming on over population in
families
3) Influence of global warming on family health
4) Ascertaining ways of reducing global warming in our
homes
. Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will be of most value to
families government, society, plants and animals. This
will

help

families

in

avoiding

some

practices

like

overpopulation which leads to food insecurity in the

15

society and it also implies scarcity of our resources due

to global warming. Also it will be of more benefit
purposes to humans, this will guide them in dictating
places to reside in. Places like the north could just be
avoided because of the harsh weather, mean while cold
weather does not only cause sinusitis and pneumonia,
however it forces people to spend more time indoors,
enclose contact with other people and with limited
ventilation. This is an ideal environment for diseases to
spread

from

one

person

to

another,

with

these

knowledge families are prepared to give up things that

would aff ect them.
The finding will equally be of important value to
the society and the government. This will help the
society to have increase in water and food supply.
Alarmist will tell you that global warming endangers the
worlds food supply. This is because they do not have a
basic understanding of the a agronomic production,
there are three things that crops need more than any
thing else to grow and produce high yields, heat, co2
and moisture in most cases, the increase in water could

16

end drought in developing countries and alleviate water

restrictions at our various homes. Increase temperature
will

increase

yields,

with

these,

starvation

will

be

reduced automatically, there will be less net global

energy requirement for humans. This result will aid the
government because, it will help in improving energy
effi ciency in the society and also reducing of gasoline
consumption for transportation for people.
Finally this findings will also help our plants and
animals, they may not need to migrate so far for water,
there will be longer growing seasons for all plant life.
Also increase in carbondioxide absorption rate for plants
and more bountiful food for animal life.
Research Questions

1. What are the influences of global warming on food

insecurity in the family?
2.

What

are

the

influences

of

global

warming

on

overpopulation in families?
3. What are the influences of global warming on family
health?

17

4. What are the possible ways of reducing global

warming in our various homes?
Scope of the Study

The

study

is

entitled

to

the

influence

of

overpopulation and food insecurity on family living as a

result of global warming, disease that are likely to
spread

more

warming

in

specifically

rapidly
various
Lagos

and

ways

homes
state.

for
From

of

reducing

people

in

global
Nigeria,

observation

from

researcher, states are suff ering from the eff ect of global
warming. Such as, diseases like meningitis and heat
rashes mostly in the north. Droughts or flooding which
has damaged peoples home in the west, lack of some
food products mostly in the east and finally in the south
where there is oil spillage which aff ects peoples plants
and water.

18

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter on review of related literature is

organized under the following sub headings.
i.) The meaning of global warming
ii.) Causes and eff ects of global warming
iii.) Diseases gotten through global warming
iv.) Global warming in Nigeria and government solution
towards it.
v.) Ways of preventing global warming in our various
homes.
While many organizations and governments use the
term global warming, there is no universal definition for
general understanding of what the term references.
According

to

the

natural

resource

defense

council

(2010) global warming is any increase in the average

temperature of the earths surface. This increase may
be caused by natural occurrences within the earth s
atmosphere or by man made influences. According to
(Hafsa 2010). Global warming is.. an increase in global

19

average

surface

anthropogenic

temperature

climate

change.

due

to

Global

natural

or

warming

is

closely linked to the enhanced green house eff ect which

is an increase in the concentration of green house gases
in the atmosphere leading to an increase in the amount
of thermal radiation of the earths surface.
Most

scientist

agree

that

the

enhanced

green

house eff ect is leading to rising temperatures referred

to

as

global

warming

and

other

changes

in

the

atmospheric environment known as climate change. The

encyclopedia of American history have made known that
gases created through human industrial and agricultural
practices (primarily carbon(iv)oxide from burning fossil
fuels and wood, as well as methane, nitrous oxide and
chlorofluorocarbons).

Increase

the

heat

reflecting

potential of the atmosphere thereby raising the planets

average temperature. According to Spencer (2006),
global warming is caused by an increase in green house
gases which occurs within the atmosphere at levels that
are not detrimental to the environment. The earth does
an outstanding job of balancing each of its processes. In

20

order to keep everything in check. However, when

mankinds effort to improve life interfere, the balance is
interrupted.

The

environmental

protection

agency

(2005) reports that intergovernmental panel on climate

change (IPCC), predicts that global temperatures will
rise as well as sea levels, with the increase in green
house gas emissions. Additionally, precipitation patterns
are predicted to change. What is not known however, is
the extent to which the earth will warm. How fast this
will occur, and how the earth will be aff ected, including
climate systems and storms according to Weir (2002).
One thing is definite, the level of carbon(iv) oxide (C0 ,
its build up and other green house gases (GHG) is the
result of human efforts to better life by burning fossil
fuels and industrializing society.
From 1906-2005, Its documented that the earth
warmed 1-17 degree Fahrenheit (1-17f). The green
house gases in the atmosphere right now are predicted
to remain there for decades to centuries. This will cause
the potential build up of more gases over time, causing
even more global warming eff orts.

21

Causes of Global Warming

According to Pidwirny (2007).

There are diff erent

causes of global warming which are split into two

groups.
Natural

causes

and

man-made

or

anthropogenic

causes

These natural causes are created by nature which

may take the form of the release of methane gas form
the arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a green
house gas which traps heat in the earths atmosphere
another major natural cause, is the eff ect of the earth
going through a cycle of climate change lasing about
forty thousand years. (40,000). Another cause is Radon,
which is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas, is by
far the main source of naturally occurring ionizing
radiation. It comes form the decay of uranium found in
nearly all soils. Anabela (2007) made known that radon
gas usually moves from the ground up into dwellings
where it tends to become trapped unless the house is
well ventilated. The other source of natural occurring
cause of global warming is the aspect of ionizing

22

radiation which includes the radioactive element with

the earths crust. (Thorium and potassium) and even
radiation form the outer space. Man-made causes of
global

warming

in

Nigeria

probably

causes

more

damage than its natural cause. There are list of man

made or anthropogenic causes of global warming. And
they include;
Pollution : Pollution which is one of the biggest man-

made problems, comes into so many shapes and sizes.

Burning of fossil fuels is one major causes of pollution in
our

homes

and

environment,

these

fossil

fuels

composes of organic matters or materials such as coal

or oil when burnt, they give off a green house gas called
carbondioxide responsible for global warming.
Population : The rate of increase of population or rather

population growth constitute a bulk of leading causes of

global warming. According to Amjad (2009). Population
growth

means

more

food,

more

methods

of

transportation, meaning more methane production more

burning of fossil fuel and more agricultural practices. A
major source of methane is our agricultural manure, due

23

to population growth more foods are required, and

expected manure is limited and utilized in our modern
days agricultural practices. Other associated factors like
transportation, plays the role in increasing population,
more cars are produced and these cars play roles in
polluting our environment. Since carbon(iv)oxide (CO 2 )
contributes
population

to

global

makes

the

warming,
problem

the

increase

in

worse

because

we

breathe out carbon dioxide. According to Boykoff (2006)

he made known that plants and trees that converts
carbon (iv) oxide (C0 2 ) are being demolished because,
the lands are used for our homes and buildings, the
trees are not replaced and this has an eff ect in our
ecosystem.
Hence, constantly our natural resources are taken
for granted and nothing is given back in return however,
certain

industries

might

expose

people

to

high

concentration of radiation either occupationally or as a

result of accidents. The activities include mining, the
use of materials with high national level of radioactivity
such as (phosphate fertilizers).

24

Nuclear
medicine.
exposure

power

Fitz
to

(2004)

radiation.

generator,
said

that

weapons

nuclear

the

notable

Man-madely

most

are

the

atomic

bombs dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and

Nagasaki, in 1945 and recently, the nuclear accident
Chernobyl in the Ukraine. It has been made know that
Nigeria is also exposed to such radiation due to the
bomb dropped on the police headquarters in Abuja
According to NTA news (2011).
Global warming is aff ecting seasons this is because
the very timing of the seasons are changing such that
the food sources for some insects and birds are not in
the places they are supposed to be and so the very
timing to nature and the season is being upset by global
warming. Brown (2011) said that places in the desert
like fringes will go into extinction due to warming
because of

the harsh. weather, thereby making

it

diffi cult for plants to grow. Also the use of forest for fuel
(both wood and for charcoal). Leads to deforestation.
But in the first world, our appetite for wood and paper
products were high. Peoples consumption of livestock

25

grazed on former forestland, and the use of tropical

forest lands for commodities like, palm oil plantation,
contributes to the mass deforestation of our world.
Forest removes and stores carbon (iv) oxide from the
atmosphere

and

this

deforestation

releases

large

amounts of carbon as well as reducing the amount of

carbon captured on the planet. Another cause of global
warming according to in Weart (2006), is the increase in
usage of chemical fertilizer (as opposed to the historical
use of animal manure). Has risen drastically. The high
rate of application of nitrogen rich fertilizers has eff ects
on the heat storage of crop land and the run-off of
excess fertilizers creates dead zones in our oceans
which is harmful to human health.
In conclusion, eff orts are needed reduce to global
warming. What can practical be done is just eff orts to
reduce it as it can not be completely eliminated. If all
countries join their hands together for the betterment of
the mother planet, it is possible that these diseases and
environmental

changes

considerable control.

can

be

brought

to

26

Effects of Global Warming

According

to

Wikipedia,

the

free

encyclopedia

(2008). There are two major eff ects of global warming,

which are the increase of temperature on the earth at
about three percent (30%) to 5C (celicius) then 5-4f
9f (Fahrenheit). by the year 2100. also the rise of sea
levels by at least 25m (metres) 82 feets by there year
2100.
Broad changes of sea levels caused by increased
global temperature are rising due to thermal expansion
of the ocean. In addition to melting of land ice amounts
and patterns of precipitations are changing. According
to

Hilson

(2002).

changes

in

temperature

and

precipitation patterns increases the frequency, duration

and intensity of other extreme weather events such as
floods, droughts, heath waves and tornadoes. Other
eff ects of global warming includes higher or lower
agricultural yields and also diseases like malaria are,
returning into areas where they have been extinguished
earlier.

27

Although global warming is aff ecting the number

and magnitude of these events, it is diffi cult to connect
specific

events

to

global

warming.

According

to

Satterthwatt (2009). He opined that continue shifting of

the climate has a number of impending eff ects that are
dangerous

towards

humans,

animals

and

our

environment.
Rising

temperature:

The

average

temperature

are

rising as a result of global warming.

According to Langer (2006), more heat waves and
fewer cold spells are predicted to occur for instance, in
the united state, Chicago Illinois will see a 25% increase
in heat waves by the end of the century. Such extreme
temperatures can have an impact on human health and
may become dangerous to those who are vulnerable like
the elderly ones, young children and individuals with
health conditions. Global warming aff ects our families
by decreasing the shortage supply of water. Bodies of
water around the world are negatively impacted by
global warming the planet may experience a reduction
in available water resources, since hot temperature will

28

increase the evaporation cycle, thereby creating a loss

in water supply. Areas of the world that experience
average amounts or less of precipitation will not be able
to make up for the water resources that are loss.
Ecosystems: They are impacted by global warming.

Many species are valuable to dying off due to arid

climates, lack of water and reduction of organisms.
Ecosystem rely on everything within the system to
survive, so if a particular animal or plant becomes
extincted, it can have lasting eff ects on the members of
the ecosystem. Easterling (1989), commented that one
of the biggest issues facing us is the eff ect of global
warning eff ects on animals, humans and agriculture,
and its eff ect on human population are even scarier,
meanwhile it is known that poor families can improve
their livelihood by increasing their numbers and this
brings about the emission of carbon (iv) oxide. The
eff ect of global warming has caused a widespread on
the extinction of species, thereby exposing humans and
animals to hunger.

29

Diseases gotten through Global Warming

During global warming there are disease that are

likely to spread more rapidly.
According to Zell (2008). Diseases are carried by
certain insects or vectors. They can survive most, in
warmer climates and are inhibited by very cold weather
they are more likely to flourish in a warmer world. Some
of the diseases gotten through global warming are
malaria, yellow fever, skin cancer, meningitis, hanta
virus, and so on, all these are serious health risk of
global warming.
Malaria: Malaria is a disease that will increase during

global warming it is one of the earliest recorded human

diseases and is spread by the bite of a female mosquito.
The top of the mountains are cooler than its base
as the world warms, the warmer temperatures will creep
up the sides of the mountains and that would allow
mosquitoes and other insects that heeds the warmer
weather to crawl up to higher elevations. Mosquitoes
breed in warm, wet place with the increase of rain and
warmth.

During

global

warming,

the

population

of

30

mosquitoes will increase making the risk of getting this

disease to increase also.
According to Epstein (1998) Malaria means bad air
in Italian referring to the time when people thought it
was

caused

by

gases

around

the

areas,

where

mosquitoes thrive. When an individual is bitten by an

infected mosquito, it sends parasites into the persons
blood

stream.

These

parasites

keeps

reproducing,

making the disease more devastating. Its symptoms

are fever that comes and goes, headache, weakness
and enlarged spleen. An enlarged spleen could rupture
or require surgery to remove people can live without a
spleen not
having one, increases the risk of infections or other
problem
Hanta virus: is a deadly respiratory disease carried by

wild
rodents, with global warming the population of rodents,
will

soar,

because

there

will

be

long-

periods

of

31

droughts followed by warm, rainy season, and rodents

thrive in these climate condition.
Epstein (2008), opined that if any individual comes
in contact with a rodent or if an individual breathes
anything that contains their waste, could get the virus.
Dogs and cats are not known to carry the hanta virus,
people most likely get it, and it is those people that
work in the fields or install, or fix things in basements
where rodents can nest.
Some symptoms may be flu like symptoms with
fever and chills. One may have dry cough, nausea,
vomiting diarrhea, the person experiences fatigue and
have a hard time breathing because the persons lungs
is filled with fluid. Garry (2006) there is its cure in Asia
for that type of virus. In Nigeria its more devastating
and we have treatments that enables survival, but if
only the victim seeks immediate treatment.
Skin cancer: Skin cancer is one of the main cancer as

far as the world is concern when global warming hits.

32

The skin cancer people get most is melanoma.

Though melanoma is the most common, it is also the
most

curable

and

can

even

be

prevented.

Earlier

discovery is very important. If one has moles that is

bothering the person, the person experience weird
things like change of size, shape and colour, or they
bleed constantly, a doctor needs to be consulted as
soon as its discovered. To prevent skin cancer the
persons should wear sunscreen and stay in the shade,
one should wear light colour clothing and so that their
head and body can stay safe.
Meningitis: This deals with climate change, especially

when the weather is so hot, it happens mostly in the

northern part of Nigeria. Its a condition in which
organisms such as fungi bacteria and virus are inflated.
It causes fever intense headache, intolerance to light
and with rigidity of muscles.
Bird fl u: As the earth warms up it speeds easily, the

United Nations study (2010) found that global warming

in concert with excessive development is contributing to
an increased loss of wetlands, around the world. This

33

trend is already forcing disease, carrying migrating

birds to land and animals farm where they mingle with
domestic poultry, rising the spread of disease from
animals to humans temperatures could lead to the
extinction of more than million species and because we
cant exist without a diverse population of species on
Earth.
Climate change now represents at least a great threat
to the number of species surviving on earth as habitat
destruction and modification.
For a long time it has been believed that the eff ect
of global warming on Agriculture and food supply is
going to be a positive one, this is because the rising
level of carbon dioxide resulted for global warming will
help the greenies for photosynthesis. Thus; there will be
a rise of agricultural production -and food supply. Report
on global warming has predicted that Nigeria is going to
have more drought, floods and storms. Agriculture is
dependent on the climate, so global warming impacts
the food supply, heat waves, droughts and flooding
presents barriers to eff ective agricultural production.

34

Consequently,

farmers

may

have

to

relocate

to

geographic locations that have more agreeable climate

conditions for the types of crop they are farming which
can aff ect the types of crops available throughout
various seasons with rising temperatures. Certain crops
that do well, the heat will have a longer production
season, while other crops may have very short season
which will lead to a shortage of certain crops a new
government report says global warming could lead to an
increase in both cancer and mental illness world wide,
and it calls for federally funded research to determine
how that might happen.
Cancer : High ambient temperatures caused by global

warming will have an eff ect on cancer rates, probably

pushing them higher. There are potential impacts on
cancers both directly from climate change mitigation
strategies. The reporter said that this increase exposure
to

toxic

connection

chemicals,
with

caused

heavy

by

ranging

global

and

by

warming
increased

volatilization of chemicals under conditions of increased

temperatures. Another way that global warning will

35

cause more cancer is through increased exposure to

ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is known to cause skin
cancer.
Another direct eff ect of climate change is the
depletion of stratospheric ozone, which will result in
increased ultra violent radiation exposure. It increases
the risk of skin cancers and cataracts.
Mental health: It is caused by natural disasters, which

already occurs but will be more catastrophic as the

earth warms, it causes stress and anxiety which can
lead to mental illness. The people are likely to be
aff ected by global warming mental illness are those
already susceptible to it; especially stress induced
mental illness. The report states that extreme weather
events such as flooding wildfires and hurricanes can
create increased anxiety and emotional stress about the
future, as well as create added stress to vulnerable
communities already experiencing social, economic, and
environment

disruption.

Individuals

are

already

vulnerable to mental health disease and stress related

disorders

are

likely

to

be

at

increased

risk

of

36

exacerbated eff ects following extreme weather events.

Other public health eff ects of global warming includes
respiratory

disease,

cardiovascular

disease,

heat-

related check-disease deaths, human developmental

eff orts, neurological diseases, water borne diseases,
weather related deaths, and infectious disease.
Global Warming in Nigeria and Government Solution
Towards it

According to Akpati (2008), Nigerians ecosystems

are bartered by global warming, this is because Nigeria
has

variety

of

ecosystems

from

mangroves

and

rainforest on the Atlantic coast in the south, to the

savannah in the North, bordering the Sahara, whether
dry or wet. Those ecosystems are being battered by
global warming. While excessive flooding during the
decades

has

hurt

farming

in

coastal

communities,

desertification is ravaging the sahel. Rainfall in the

sahel has been declining steadily since the 1960s the
result has been the loss of farm lands and conflicts
between farmers and herd men over decreasing land,
many diff er communities, including, fishermen, farmers

37

and

herdsmen

are

now

confronted

with

diffi culties

arising from climatic change. Peoples livelihoods are

being harmed, and people who are already poor are
becoming even more impoverished. Climate refugees
are being created as dangers which makes some land
unlivable

and

aff ects

water

supplies

which

is

uncondusive for family life and living.

Nigeria is not a major contributor of green house
gas

emissions

when

compared

with

industrialized

countries. But it is a major supplier of oil and gas to

countries with high green house gas emissions. The
exploitation of gas and oil for export, from the Niger
delta contributes to global warming and it damages the
environment and hurts communities living near these
projects. According to Bola (2010). Oil fields in Nigerias
Niger delta contains crude oil mixed with very large
amounts of gas, major oil companies operating there,
separates the oil from its associated gas at flow
stations, where the gas is simply burned off serving no
useful purpose and contaminating the air and lands of
local communities. Nigerias coastline is besieged by

38

global warming currents. New research is sounding the

alarm. Predicting that climate related sea level rise is
likely to put 80% of Nigerias coastline at risk of being
swept away by the surging waves of the atlantics ocean.
In
reality.

research
By

Akpati

study
(2008).

entitled

perception

Assessing

priorities

and
for

sustainable development in the Niger delta.

Two European scientist, D& Moffat and Cl linden
wrote that the coastline is in danger of being washed
away because of it low elevations. It was also made
known that the most threatened coastline in Nigeria is
on the victory Island off Lagos coast, where many of the
countrys wealthiest people lives. Coastal erosion has
been a perennial problem for the island, which only
became habitable after its marshland was drained in
the 1930s and 1940s. It has assumed or worrisome
dimension in times. As the Atlantic ocean rises between
600,000 and I .5million people on the Island and
adjourning areas could be displaced. Some bridges in
the areas are already in danger of collapsing due to

39

erosion. The eff ect of global warming has lead many

families to loss.
The recent Tsunami in Japan is a great lesson for
our country Nigeria to learn. As the worlds third largest
economy, Japan. struggles to overcome a disaster of
great magnitude with more than 10,000 (ten thousand)
people dead. The question is: How is Nigeria prepared
for such an emergency? The fact is that global warming
aff ects all parts of the world, likewise Nigeria and other
African nations, which are the most vulnerable countries
of the world. Developed countries of the world, have
witnessed

the

consequences

monumental

proportion

around

globe

the

and

have

of

climate

frequency

been

change
of

increasing

in

disaster
in

an

unprecedented manner.
Banire (2010) said that at independence Nigerias
forest reserve stood at 30% today. It has been depleted
to a paltry 4% (four percent) due to the advent of oil
boom in 1970 which resulted in construction frenzy.
Today Nigeria is known to be one of the vulnerable
country to climate change disaster, like states in the

40

north namely, Kano, bomb kastina, Kebbi, Adamawa,

Zamfara, Sokoto Bauchi, Gombe, Kaduna and Gigawa
states are increasing in loss of vegetation which has
brought about intense heat resulting to meningitis, heat
rashes and heat waves.
States in the west are inundated by flooding while
those around the Atlantic ocean like Lagos, Osun, Edo,
Ondo, Delta, rivers, Cross river and Akwa ibom states,
have been grappling with coastal erosion and flooding.
Soil erosion occasioned by heavy rainfall is terribly
degrading lands in the south-east, causing gullies and
destroying
lives and properties.
According to Aminuh (2011). It was be recalled that
in the year 2010 the ancient city of Sokoto was engulfed
in a devastating flooding of the year, which claimed
lives and properties of many people, while many houses
and villages submerged according to eyewitnesses in
Goronyo village, dead bodies of both humans and
animals littered the town exposing the lives of the
citizens, explaining the cause of the flood in sokoto

41

state, According to Dalami (2011). The climate change

phenomena caused the increasing water levels in the
dam in the recent time. The flood was not an annual
ritual, rather the dam has a capacity of 942 million
cubic metres during the rainy season, where there is
incoming water from upstream, gradually the capacity
of the dam gets filled spilling out and there is a
schedule for the release of water from time to time.
Government Solutions to Global Warming

(Zango 2010). Government can take several steps to

reduce the threat of global warming.
First and foremost: Nigeria and other industrial
nations must use less of the fossil fuels, especially coal,
oil and gasoline that produces carbondioxide, the most
significant heat-trapping gas. (co 2 ). Industrial countries
are responsible for the largest share of world wide
emissions of heat trapping gases, but these nation also
have a great ability to switch to cutting edge energy
technologies that produce fewer of these emissions.

42

Secondly: the nations of the world must negotiate a

climate change threat with legally binding limits on
emissions of heat-trapping gases.
According to Ukali (2005). Nigeria can reduce its
carbon

dioxide

strategies.
Improving
energy

emission

Making
energy

resources

use

through
of

new

effi ciency)
such

as,

four

(4)

energy

Developing
solar

and

principle

technology
renewable

wind

power,

reducing gasoline consumption for transportation and

switch from coal and oil to natural gas.
Improvement of energy effi ciency: The less energy we

use, the less carbondioxide we will produce. Over the

past twenty years Nigerias industry and consumers
have begun to switch to more effi cient motors, vehicles,
appliances, windows and manufacturing processes. This
switch save considerable energy and money, but much
greater effi ciency is possible. Developing renewable
energy: clean, safe renewable sources such as solar,

wind and sustainable grown biomass (plant matter) can

provide us with energy. But do not contribute to global
warming these technologies are ready to be deployed

43

much more widely, but Nigerian government policies

must encourage their use.
Reduction of gasoline consumption for transportation:

Cars and buses consume over half of the oil used in

Nigeria, highly effi cient gasoline, powered cars and
alternatively fueled vehicles such as fuel cell cars and
buses, can reduce carbondioxide emissions, by using
less, and to use alternatives to single passengers
automobile

trips,

such

as

bicycles,

and

public

transportation.
Switching form coal and oil to natural gas:

Although natural gas is a fossil fuel, it produces

less carbon (iv) oxide than either coal or oil, changing
from coal to natural gas for generating electricity and
from oil to natural as a quick fix, even these switches
alone cannot reduce carbon dioxide emissions nearly as
much as necessary. Reducing Nigeria use of oil and
gasoline would start to address the global warming
threat, but other steps such as transferring technology
to developing countries, preserving forests, decreasing
atmospheric

methane,

continuing

to

phase

our

44

chlorofluorocarbon and slowing down population growth

are

also

important.

They

can

provide

benefits

in

addition to reducing global warming, forest preservation

for example would protect endangered species. It makes
it easier to supply adequate food for the entire worlds
people.
Transferring technology to developing countries.
African

businesses

like

that

of

Nigerians,

the

government and international transition need to find

ways

to

transfer

advanced

energy

technologies

to

developing countries, so that those nations can build

their

economies

without

having

to

use

the

older

polluting fossil fuel technologies that the Industrial

countries are now trying.
The preservation of plants and forest: Trees takes
in carbon dioxide and use it to grow. Deforestation
especially in the tropic where many of the largest most
important forest are located, Contributes significantly to
global warming. Eff orts to preserve forests and to plant
trees on deforested land are essential not only for
preventing

global

warming

but

also

for

preserving

45

biodiversity decrease of methane in the atmosphere.

Although

methane

contributes

much

less

to

global

warming than carbon dioxide, it is still responsible for

about 15% of the problem, amongst other steps to
decrease methane emissions, the nations of the world
can

prevent

leaks

form

natural

gas

pipelines,

cut

methane emissions from land fills ad reduce beef.

Phasing out CFCs (chlorofl uorocarbons)

Because

CFcs

(chlorofluorocarbons),

are

responsible for depleting the protective ozone layer, the

nations of the world have agreed to stop using them.
These

chemicals

also

trap

heat,

so

vigilance

in

enforcing the international agreements to phase out

their use will help slow down global warming and as well
slow down population growth:
Technological and economic changes can reduce
per capital emissions of heat trapping gases, continued
large

population

will

make

it

hard

to

dramatically

reduce total emissions. Reduction in population growth

rates will make the task of slowing global warming
easier. There are diff erent causes of over population

46

which is now a threat to our family life and living, and

also increases the rate of global warming.
Rise in birth rate.
Migration: Immigration is a problem in some parts of

the

world,

if

the

inhabitants

of

various

countries

migrates to a particu!ar part of the world and settle

over there. The area is bound to suff er form the ill
eff ects of overpopulation. The country becomes over
populated, crowding of immigrants in certain parts of
the

world,

results

in

the

density

imbalance

of

population.
Lack

of

education:

overpopulation.

Those

This

is

lacking

another
education

cause

of

fail

to

understand the need to prevent excessive growth of

population. They are unable to understand the harmful
eff ects that overpopulation has. They are unaware of
the easy to control population. Lack of family planning
is commonly seen amongst the illiterates, this is one
major

factors

leading

to

overpopulation,

due

to

ignorance, they do not take to family measures, thus

contributing to a rise in population. Great number of

47

people requires greater number of resources, mean

while not every nation is capable of providing its
people with the adequate amount of resources. The over
increasing population will eventually leave no nation
capable of providing its people with the resources they
need

to

thrive.

When

the

environment

fails

to

accommodate the living beings that inhabit it, over

population becomes a disaster. In Kenya according to
Malcom (2009) as a result of diminished focus on family
planning

the

projected

population

in

2050

has

an

increase form fifty four (54) to 83 million. An increase of

this magnitude may lead to food scarcity and crumbling
infrastructure and potentially to violent conflicts.
According to Micheal (1996), over population is one
of the most serious threat to mankind, its high time
people identify and under stand the eff ect of over
population and take good steps toward its prevention.
Population influence our family lives negatively, this is
because it increases.
Food shortage: If there is not enough food, diseases are

easily spread, there will be increase of malnutrition and

48

hunger, under nourished children are more likely to get

sick, and this leads to death.
Water

shortage :

When

overpopulation

increases,

farmers needs more water to irrigate their fields so that

they can produce more crops. If there is no water for
the masses and for the manufacturing of goods, it leads
people to untimely death and poor untimely death and
poor production of goods in the society. Overpopulation
in a community can also limit space for housing.
Health problems: Food shortage, overcrowding, poor

water supplies and environmental pollution aff ects the

health of the people, particularly the children. Poor
environmental sanitation is a major cause of diseases
such as diarrhea, typhoid and cholera. Dirty insects
such as flies and cockroaches contaminate food with
disease causing germs. Many children who play barefoot
in dirty areas and do not wash their hands before eating
become infected with worms. Some respiratory diseases
such as tuberculosis, pneumonia and bronchitis are
worsened by pollution due to over crowding. However,

49

communicable diseases can easily be transferred form

one person to another in an overpopulated area .
Environmental

More

Degradation:

people

generate

more waste, solid wastes such as plastics, on cans and

bottles,

when

not

properly

disposed

of,

became

eyesores. Garbage and sewage, if left untreated can

pollute the water supply. Global warming will aff ect our
food security if proper care is not taken. Government
should aid in the security of food supply. This is because
food

insecurity

has

eff ect

on

our

lives,

families,

environment and health.

In our environment, some kinds of plants are being
wiped out. Fish stocks begins to run out, there is a loss
of natural vegetation.The quality and amount of land
available for growing crops declines due to global
warming. According to Ukali (2008). Several things can
be done by Nigerian governments to deal with global
warming.

One

answer

is

to

stop

making

carbon

dioxide ,it can be done by switching from oil, coal and

gas to renewable energy. The second solution is to plant
more trees. Trees absorb carbondioxide and produces

50

oxygen (o2) which is not a green house gas. Third idea

is to use less energy, and recycle more products. If we
use less energy and are- more environmental friendly,
the earth temperature may not rise so much.
In conclusion, making small changes now in the
way we live, means avoiding huge changes in the future
both individuals, governments and scientist must work
together to overcome this serious threat according to
Adeneiyi (2009), he emphasized on the need for strict
penalties measures and environmental laws to be taken
against the common practice or habit of bush burning
deforestation and desertification. Many of which are e to
human due activities in many parts of the country.
Speaking recently at Ibadan Prof Ukali (2010) frowned
seriously on those who takes delight in setting bush and
forest ablaze, just because they want to kill bush
animals for their own commercial purpose, and also
warned people who invade game reserves and forest to
fall tress and for some other reasons, adding that such
people are not only enemy of progress, they are also
saboteurs and catalyst of global warming.

51

Prevent of global warming in our homes

According to Brown (2011). Learning how to prevent

global warming in our various families or home is
simple. He opined that the first thing to do is to
understand which area to focus on. The gases in most
homes comes form heating, cooling, recycling, driving
and

electrically,

Therefore

the

use

of

preventive

appliances
ways

of

and

lighting.

reducing

global

warming is by reducing heating and cooling;

Preventing global warming in our homes requires
using less energy to stay warm in the winter and cool in
the summer, (rainy, dry and harmattan seasons). Which
means the individuals needs to find the place that leaks
air and plug those holes in his/her home places that one
would find leaks around windows and doors, which can
easily be fixed with a little bit of weather stripping
making this the easiest way to help prevent global
warming in our various homes. The windows causes a
lot of heat loss and cooling loss because windows are
less

insulated

than

the

walls,

and

this

could

be

52

remedied with thermal curtains. This helps in keeping

temperatures mode rate at all times.
The recommendations above will help reduce our
various home contribution to global warming a little bit.
But if someone wants to make a big dent on his carbon
foot print then he or she should consider doing more
significant modeling on his or her home to increase the
situation in the walls and roofs, and to incorporate
passive heating and cooling using the earth and the
sun.
By using less electricity:

Using less electricity is simple if we are willing to

adjust some changes in our daily life. The first thing to
understand is that anything that heats up by using
electricity requires a lot of energy and its best to find
alternatives. Some examples of the kinds of appliances
that should be avoided are toasters, irons, oven dryers,
dishwashers, hair curlers etc, most of these kinds of
technologies are easy enough to do without for instance
you can hang your clothings as soon as you are done
washing it, and you will eliminate your need to use a

53

dryer. Turning of and appliances when they are not in

use is also a very simple and basic act that helps
prevent global warming. It is advice able to put up signs
around the house to enable people to turn things off
when they are not in use. Also many appliances like
DVD players still draw electricity even after it has been
turned off , because of the light on or some sort of
digital display. To deal with this, you can get power
strips, then its assured that power is going, to light a
digital display.
Also the use of compact fluorescents bulbs. They
use a fraction of the electricity of a regular bulb. It
eliminates pounds of green house gases and they will
save us money over the long term.
Buy energy-effi cient products:
come

in

range

of

home appliances now

energy-effi cient

models,

and

compact florescent bulbs, avoid products that comes

with excess packaging especially molded plastics and
other packaging that cant be recycled, if we can reduce
our household garbage by percent 10%, we can save
1,200 pounds of CO (carbon dioxide) annually. Planting

54

of frees: During photosynthesis, trees and other plants

absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. They are an
integral part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle
here on earth, but are few of them to fully counter the
increase

in

co

caused

by

automobile

traffi c,

manufacturing and other human activities. A single tree

will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide
during its lifetime encouraging others to conserve, its
wise to share information about recycling and energy
conservation with friends, workers ad neighbours and
also take opportunities to encourage public offi cials to
establish programs and policies that are good for the
environment. With all these mentioned above it will take
an individual a long way towards reducing energy use
and monthly budget, and less energy use means less
dependence on the fossil fuels that creates green house
gases and contributes to global warming.
It is also the best option for Families, to have a good
and wise family planning this will help reduce the threat
of global warming on over population.

55

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This

chapter

discussed

the

procedure

carrying out this study, it is discussed

used

in

under the

following subheading.

Research design

Area of study

Population of the study

Sample/sampling techniques

Instrument for data collection

Validation of instrument

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

Design of the Study

The design of the study was descriptive survey

according to Abonyi, Okereke, Omebe and Anugwo
(2006), viewed descriptive survey as a design that
consist of those studies in which
from a small sample
researcher

describe

the data is collected

of large population to enable the

in

systematic

manner

and

56

interpret things that exist. The design was used at

investigating the influence of global warming on family
living in Victoria island, Eti Osa local government area,
Lagos state Nigeria.
Area of the Study

This was carried out in Eti-Osa Local Government

Area in Victoria Island of Lagos State.
Population of Study

The population of the study is centered on families

in Victoria Island of Lagos state, the population chosen
for this study is four thousand five hundred out of
population of Eti osa local government area

the

which is

two hundred and seventeen thousand three hundred

and sixty two people (217, 362) according to the
National Population Commission (2006). Lagos state.
Sample and Sampling Technique

Simple random sampling technique was used to

draw four hundred fifty respondents of which all of them
are residents in Victoria island. Mean while the sampling
was gotten from ten percent (10%) out of the population
according to Uzuagulu (2007), the targeted population

57

was draw from diff erent areas in Victoria Island Lagos of

which they are randomly selected for the study, the
areas selected Adeola odeku Saka tinubu, Adeola hope
well, Ozumba Mbadiwe, Awoloroad Road, Kofo Aboyomi,
Akin Adeola, falomo bridge. Sand field area.
Instrument of Data Collection

The instrument used for the data collection in this

study was structured questionnaire designed by the
researcher.

It

was

based

on

research

question

to

request from the respondents in relation to the topic of

the

study.

The

questionnaire

developed,

consist

of

section A and B. section A was used for personal data of

the respondent while section B which consist of four sub
sections

were

instrument.

used

Each

for

the

sub-section

of

main

questionnaire

the

questionnaire

instrument consist of ten questions to form a total of 40

questions

that

dealt

with

the

research

questions

formulated for that purpose

Therefore the number of response category used
were
Strongly agreed

- SA

58

Undecided
Agree
Disagreed

- U
- A
- D

Strongly disagreed - SD

59

Validation of Instrument

Three experts in the department validated the

instrument to ensure face and content validity. Their
corrections were reflected by the researcher before the
final draft of the questionnaire.
Method of Data Collection

The

questionnaire

was

administered

to

the

respondents by the researcher who equally explained

and also gave the respondents suffi cient time for filling
the questionnaire, four hundred and fifty questionnaire
were x distributed to these areas mentioned above.
Method of Data Analysis

The data collected was analyzed using frequency

and mean to answer the research questions.
Any item with a mean of 3.0 and above is regarded
as accepted while those with less than 3.0 were rejected

60

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This

chapter

deals

with

the

presentation

and

analysis of data collected for the purpose of answering

research questions used in the study. The analysis is
presented based on the research questions.
Research Question 1:
What are the influences of global warming on food
insecurity in families?
Data needed to answer these research questions are
presented in table 1.

61

Table 1: Responses on the influence of global warming on

food insecurity in families.
SN

ITEM STATEMENT

SA

SD

FX

It leads to malnutrition

100

30

450

1620

3.6

Food insecurity increases

poverty both in families
and in the society
It reduces food supplies

150

15
0
20

20

15
0
20
0

Decision
Rule
Accepted

80

450

1770

3.9

Accepted

10
0
20
0

50

50

50

450

1700

3.7

Accepted

15
0

10
0

450

1200

2.6

Rejected

156

12
4

30

12
0

20

450

1626

3.6

Accepted

250

10
0

20

80

450

1870

4.1

Accepted

320

40

10

79

450

1862

4.1

Accepted

48

52

25
0

50

50

450

1348

2.9

rejected

300

15
0

450

2100

4.6

Accepted

18
0

20

25
0

450

1010

2.2

Rejected

200

It leads to inequality and

unemployment in our
communities.
5
Easy access to disease
contamination
6
Non-availability of certain
crops due to its extinction
7
low production of crops for
consumption.
8
Disease circulation due to
food poisoning
9
Reduction in exportation
and importation of food
items.
10 It hinders food selection

The analysis presented in Table 1 indicates that items

1,2,3,5,6,7,and

whose

mean

where

3.6,3.9,3.7,3.6,4.1,4.1 and 4.6 respectively, indicated

that global warming leads to food insecurity on families
thereby increasing malnutrition, poverty, low production
of crops for consumption and shortage of food supplies
for families and also it encourages the extinction of
certain crops and reduces importation and exportation
of food items. While items 4,8 and 10 whose mean were

62

2.6, 2.9 and 2.2 respectively indicates that global

warming does not lead to food insecurity in families.
Research question 2: What are the infl uences of
global warming on over population in families?
Table 2: mean responses on the influence of global warming
on over population in families.
SN

ITEM STATEMENT

SA

SD

FX

11 Lack of family planning

200

15

80

20

450

1860

4.1

Decision
Rule
Accepted

12 Illiteracy

55

0
65

10

80

15

450

1045

2.3

Rejected

13 Peoples condition due to

50

10

0
50

10

0
15

450

1150

2.5

Rejected

poverty
14 Shortage of water supply.

200

12

30

50

50

450

1720

3.8

Accepted

15 There will be shortage of

48

0
52

25

50

50

450

1348

2.9

Rejected

85

15

450

1835

4.0

Accepted

50

20

30

450

1770

food supply
16 discomfort of people due

250

10
0

to over population
17 Eff ect of heat due to

150

20

Accepted

inadequate ventilation
18 Scarcity of resources

300

12

30

--

450

2070

4.6

Accepted

19 Confl ict among people

60

0
40

10

10

15

450

1210

2.6

Rejected

20 Easily spread of diseases

450

0
-

0
-

0
-

450

2250

5.0

from one person to

another

From the presentation in Table II it was observed that

items

11,14,16,17,18

4.1,3.8,4.0,4.6

and

and

5.0

20

whose

respectively

mean

indicated

were
that

63

global warming influences overpopulation in families

due

to

lack

of

family

planning,

it

hinders

some

resources thereby making it scarce, also there will be

crowdedness

in

the

home

and

this

could

lead

to

discomfort, bad ventilation and also easily spread of

diseases from one person to another.
While item 12, 13, 15 and 19 whose mean were
2.3, 2.5, 2.9 and 2.6 respectively disagreed that global
warming influence overpopulation in families. Illiteracy
and

conflict among

warming on families.

people cannot influence global

64

Research question 3: what are the infl uences of

global warming on family health?
Table 3: mean responses on the influence of global warming
on family health.
S
N
21

ITEM STATEMENT
The threat range from

SA
-

emerging tropical diseases to

A
20

U
-

SD

15

10

35

15

FX

450 120
0

Decisio

2.

n Rule
Accepte

4.

Accepte
d

life-threatening temperatures
to an increase in allergies and
asthma
As temperature rise, higher

22

18

elevations become more

inhabitants
Due to harsh weather, family

18

18

members suff er from heat

rashes
There is increase in malaria

20

12

Devastating heat waves

0
30

0
15

0
-

increases meningitis on

peoples health
Skin cancer aff ects people

20

10

10

When there is sea level rise it

0
15

0
20

0
5

0
20

causes fl ooding that kills

28

people
Increase of pollution from

18

10

10

50

450 161

3.

29

vehicles and power plants

Easily spread of cancer due to

0
22

0
13

0
-

0
30

70

0
450 175

5
3.

30

heat
Concentration on the green

0
75

0
25

50

30

0
450 875

8
1.

22

450 208
5

hospitable for mosquitoes,

and more risky for local
23

24
25

26
27

house eff ect

50

--

450 184
0

50
--

4.
0

50

450 172

3.

0
450 210

8
4.

450 175

3.

30

0
450 177

8
3.

Accepte
d
Accepte
d
accepte
d
Accepte
d
Accepte
d
Accepte
d
Accepte
d
Rejecte
d

65

In

Table

III, its

22,23,24,25,26,27,28

presentation
and

29

noted

with

that items

mean

scores

of

4.6,4.0,3.8,4.6,,3.8,3.9,3.5 and 3.8 respectively agreed

that global warming aff ects the family health of people
thereby increasing the spread of diff erent diseases like
heat rashes, skin cancer, meningitis and malaria, also it
aff ects peoples health because it can lead to death due
to

flooding.

While

items

21

and

30,

disagrees

respectively that global warming cannot aff ect family

health

through

the

contamination

of

asthma

and

concentration on the green house eff ect.

Research

Question

4:

What

are

the

ways

of

reducing global warming in our homes?

Table 4: Means responses on ways of reducing
warming in our home.

global

SN

ITEM STATEMENT

SA

SD N

FX

31

Taking progressive action

now, to cut global warming
pollution
Health care system
participation for families and
communities protection as
temperatures rise
reduction of green house
gases and toxic pollution
Conservation of energy by
using a compact fluorescent
light bulb over an
incandescent bulb
Use of less electricity

200

10
0

50

50

50

450

170
0

3.7

220

13
0

30

70

450

175
0

3.8

Accepte
d

250

10
0
10
0

85

15

450

4.0

85

15

450

183
5
183
5

Accepte
d
Accepte
d

60

40

40

450

199

4.4

32

33
34

35

250

310

4.0

Decision
Rule
Accepte
d

Accepte

66

36

0
200
9

296

75

75

450

100

30
0

30

20

450

183
0

4.0

Accepte
d

38

305

95

40

450

4.5

39

Participation in recycling

450

--

450

40

Planting of trees

200

15
0

80

20

450

204
0
225
0
186
0

Accepte
d
Accepte
d
Accepte
d

37

4.5

d
Accepte
d

Reduction of heating and

cooling by using less energy
in our homes
Being informed and
understanding the areas to
be focused on
Encouraging conservation

5.0
4.1

From the analysis in Table iv we will notice that all

the respondents from table 31-40 whose mean were 3.7,
3.8, 4.0, 4.0, 4.4, 4.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 4.1 respectively
accepts that the following ways are the solution in
reducing global warming in families, with all the items
stated it is believed that necessary precaution should be
made by each family to reduce global warming in our
homes.
Major Findings

The following are the findings arising from the analysis

of data.
1. It revealed that global warming can affect families
income and food supply through food insecurity.

67

2. Global warming influences overpopulation in scarcity

of resources and loss of biodiversity ad ecological
stability.
3. Diseases are likely to spread more rapidly due to
global warming and its major effect of global warming
on family health.
4. Participation

in

recycling

and

encouragement

of

conservation by people can help in reducing global

warming effects.
Discussion of findings
The findings of this study were analyzed using mean
( x)

to answer the questions, the questions have been

organized

and

discussed

according

to

the

four

research questions. They were discussed as follows.

1.

The findings of this study revealed that global

warming has great influence on food insecurity in
families, according to Burke (2008). Food insecurity
affects peoples supply of food, thereby leading to
its shortage and also have effect on important areas
of our lives. This is because food insecurity leads to
malnutrition and extinction of certain crops which

68

could leave a family to starvation, it is independent

of the climate so when global warming occurs it
presents barriers to effective food production. Burke
emphasized

that

poor

nutrition

due

to

global

warming can affect both the body and mind thereby

leading to poverty inequality and unemployment in
our communities also in our environment global
warming affects the means of growing and gathering
food due to climate changes and this affects the
environment in so many ways, there is loss of
natural vegetation some plants are being wiped out
and the quality and amount of land available for
growing food is declining. With all these global
warming will affect basically every ones way of
living disease contamination can easily spread and it
device the means of exportation.
2.

The finding of this study is that global warming

influences over population in families through many
ways,

for

instance

family

that

lacks

family

planning due to illiteracy can give birth to many

children

and

this

involves

the

excess

use

of

69

electricity, scarcity of resources which could lead to

death, also crowdedness of people whereby they
emit carbon dioxide due to inadequate ventilation
and it also leads to their discomfort. It increases
expenses made by parents on heat rashes and
insuffi cient food supply due to poverty. According to
Micheal (1996) he opined that the best option for
families is to have a good and wise family planning
because it will help reduce the threat of global
warming on over population. Meanwhile population
influences

our

family

lives

negatively

thereby

increasing food and water shortage this is because if

there is no enough food, diseases are easily are
easily spread and there is increase of malnutrition
and

hunger

and

it

leads

to

death,

when

overpopulation increases families needs more water

to irrigate their fields so they can produce more
crops. If there is no water for the masses it leads
untimely death and poor production of goods in the
society. Micheal also commented that overpopulation
can lead to food shortage, overcrowding, poor water

70

supplies and environmental population and all these

affects the health of people and also increases the
spread of diseases.
3.

This study also revealed that global warming has

influences on family health, global warming means
guarantees easy access to disease. Diseases are
likely to spread more rapidly and it increases rapidly.
Such diseases are malaria, fever, skin cancers,
meningitis and so on,

this is because as the

temperature rises, higher elevations becomes more

hospitable for mosquitoes and more risky for local
inhabitants

and

due

to

harsh

weather

family

members suffer from heat rashes and devastating

heat waves increases meningitis on peoples health.
According to Zell (2008), diseases are carried by
certain insects or vectors, they flourish more in a
warmer world, and this increases the spread of
diseases like malaria, which is how killing millions of
people. Malaria wont be abolished easily because
global

warming

increases

its

reproduction

and

thereby making disease more devastating according

71

to Epstein (1998). There are other public health

effect of global warming they include respiratory
diseases, weather related diseases, cardiovascular
diseases and soon. When there is overpopulation in
a

community

it

leads

to

scarcity

of

resources

therefore increasing the rate of hunger and different

atrocities.
4.

In addition, the finding of the study confirmed that

participation

in

recycling

and

conservation

by families can

encouraging

of

assist in reducing

global warming threat. Also there are other ways of

preventing global warming in our homes, such as
cutting down pollution and also health care system
participation of families and communities protection
as the temperature rises, use of less electricity is
very vital for all family members this will help in the
reduction

of

according

to

heating
Brown

and

(2011)

cooling.
there

are

Meanwhile
ways

of

reducing or preventing global warming in our various

families, the first thing to do is to understand which
area to focuson. Brown opined that the gases in

72

most homes comes from heating, cooling, driving

and so on, therefore prevention of global warming in
our homes requires using less energy to stay warm.
By using less electricity, also the use of compact
fluorescent bulb because, they save us money over
long term (they last longer) and the eliminate
pounds of green house gases. Planting of trees is
very vital in reducing global warming because they
are the integral part of the natural atmospheric
exchange cycle here on earth.

73

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter deals with the summary of research

problem, purpose of the study, its methodology. The
principal findings, conclusions, recommendations, and
suggestions for further reference are also presented.
Restatement of the Problem

The issue of global warming in Nigeria has to be

put into consideration due to the fact that it has
brought many problems in families and societies. Global
warming aff ects human if proper solution is not applied.
If the problem of population, food supply agriculture,
water pollution and diseases are not fully addressed it
would lead to acute poverty in a state or country. The
rate of diseases will increases, sickness are easily
gotten. Death rate will increase at a geometric rate and
almost everything will go wrong meanwhile the heat in
Lagos is so suff ocating now that when you go out during
the day it seems one would just melt like alone the
northern part of Nigeria. This is because when the

74

sunlight reaches the earths surface some are absorbed

and warms the earth.
According to Akpati (2008), in a keynote address
said that Nigeria has the least capacity of technology to
eff ectively tackle an emergence response in case of any
great quake. Speaking further, he said that ignorance is
the main problem of climate changes that should be the
focal point of awareness, as people in the rural areas
still see the obvious eff ect of climate changes. Despite
the fact that Nigeria is signatory to the 1992 Tokyo
protocol and the creation of the special climate unit in
2006, under the federal ministry of environment, yet
much has not been done and no concrete step has been
taken on our vulnerability to climate change induced
diseases.The question now is what adaptive measures
do we have on ground as we all know that climate
changes is here and lives with Nigerians? And also how
do we manage it? the rescue terms of lands and
properties were lost, leaving a sore taste at the throat
of

those

left

behind

to

mourn.

Nigeria

needs

to

strategize on how to grasp this opportunity of the green

75

climate fund established to address the impact of

climate change which could eff ect many things that are
vital to human lives. So it would be best to focus on the
solution and prevention of global warming and its
eff ects.
Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this
study includes the following:
1. Assessing the influence of global warming on food
insecurity in families.
2. Assessing the influence of global warming due to over
population in families.
3. Ascertaining

the

influence

of

global

warming

on

family health.
4. Ascertaining ways of reducing global warming in our
homes.
Principal Findings

On the basis of the data collected and analyzed,

the following findings were made.
1. The respondents indicated that due to the influence
of global warming on food insecurity there will be

76

shortage of food supply and the income of the family

will be aff ected which causes poverty.
2. It was observed that the influence of global warming
on overpopulation in family leads to scarcity of
resources,

loss

of

biodiversity

and

ecological

stability.
3. Respondents indicated that diseases spread more
rapidly due to global warming and it destroys human
health.
4. Respondents

revealed

that

non

participation

in

recycling and encouragement of conservation by

people increases global warming eff ects,
Implication of the Study

The findings of the study will be useful to the

community or area in respect to population size, food
supply and also the government is taking steps to
prepare the public health system and promote solutions
that will off er added health benefits by reducing both
green house gases and toxic pollution. The health care
system is active and the communities are protected as
temperature rises.

77

The findings of the study will also be useful to

families because it prepares them to give up things that
would aff ect them. Like places to reside due to climate
change. Finally it will help our species like plants and
animals not to migrate far and also carbondioxide
absorption rate for plants and bountiful food for animal
life which will be safer for man.
Conclusion

The study was aimed at finding out the influence of

global

warming

on

family

living

in

Eti-Osa

local

government area, Lagos state.

It was found out that people that live in Lagos
specifically Eti-Osa local government area can create
awareness on the risk of global warming on family living
by encouraging conservation and planting of trees.
Government

should

give

laws

for

participation

in

recycling and in taking progressive action to cut global

warming

pollution.

Government

can

achieve

this

principles by awareness creation and working hand in

hand with the community and ministers in charge of
environment so as to reduce green house gases and

78

toxic

pollution.

People

are

meant

to

be

informed

because some of them dont know what global warming

is all about, therefore there is need for its broadcast
which is very vital.
Recommendations

The following recommendations were made based

on the finding of the study.
1. Government should increase the capacity of media
art to correspond adequately to global warming
prevention and control not only in Lagos but entire
Nigeria.
2.

Demolishment

of

chlorofluorocarbons(CFC),

because they are responsible for the depletion of

the protective ozone layer, the nations of the world
have to stop using them, and vigilance in enforcing
the international agreements to phase out their
use will help slow down global warming.
3. In Lagos cars and buses consume a lot if oil,
therefore reduction of gasoline consumption for
transportation

is

advisable

and

also

improvement of energy effi ciency for homes.

the

79

4. Government should set up regulations for every

family to attend family planning in order to control
population growth and also setting up good health
care centers for peoples health.
Limitation of the Study

The research work was carried out appropriately by

the

researcher

through

the

researcher

encountered

many problems which limited eff ective development of

the research.
Secondly the researcher encountered the problem
of time and financial instability which also hindered the
research development.
Suggestion for Further Research

The following areas are recommended for further

investigation and research.
1. Eff ects of global warming on the economy.
2. Global

warming

and

the

government

issues

and

prospects
3. The resultant eff ect of overpopulation on the nations
economy due to global warming.

80

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