Basic Electronics

Lecture#3
RESISTORS/
Capacitors

By: Engr. Muhammad Adnan Malik

Class of BS.IT, ISP

Series and Parallel

Combinations of Resistors
Series Combination

Parallel Combination

Proper ties of Series Combinations of

Resistors
In Series combination of resistors current across each resistor
is same
In Series combination of resistors, voltage across each
resistor voltage is different.

Proper ties of Series Combinations of

Resistors

Properties of Parallel Combinations of

Resistors
In Series combination of resistors current across each resistor
is different.
In Series combination of resistors voltage across each
resistor is voltage is same.

Properties of Parallel Combinations of

Resistors

Total resistance in Series

Total resistance in series

When Resistance are in series, total resistance is gives by:

Total resistance in Parallel

Warm Up Yourself!! Series Circuit

Series Circuit
Two resistances R1 and R2 of 5ohm each and R3 of 10ohm
are in series. How much is Rt ? With 80 V applied across the
series string of resistors, how much is the current in R3 ?
RT =R1+R2+R3 =5 +5 +10 Rt=20
I =Vt/Rt= 80/20 I =4 A
Power In R3?
P=640 W

Parallel Circuit

Parallel Circuit

Both Series & Parallel Circuit

Both Series & Parallel Circuit

Both Series & Parallel Circuit

Kirchhoff s Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoffs voltage law states that the sum of all resistor
voltage drops in a series circuit equals the applied voltage
.
Expressed as an equation, Kirchhoffs voltage law is
VT =V1 +V2 +V3

Kirchhoff s Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoffs current law (KCL) states that the total
current It in the main line of a parallel circuit equals the
sum of the individual branch currents.
Expressed as an equation, Kirchhoffs current law is
It = I1 +I2 I3

KVL-An Example
A voltage source produces an IR drop of 40 V across a
R1=20ohm , 60 V across a R2=30ohm , and 180 V across a
R3=90ohm , all in series. According to Kirchhoffs voltage
law, how much is the applied voltage V T ?

Vt=40+60+90=280V

KCL-An Example
An R1 of 20 ohm , an R2 of 40ohm , and an R3 of 60ohm
are connected in parallel across the 120-V power line.
Using Kirchhoffs current law, determine the total current
It

KCL-An Example

Capacitors
Definition: A capacitor is an electronic device that stores
an electrical charge between the two plates
A basic capacitor has two parallel plates separated by an
insulating material
The unit of capacitance is Farads (F)
Capacitance values are normally smaller, such as F, nF
or pF

Different Types Of Capacitors

Reading Values of capacitance Of Capacitors

Working Of Capacitors
Storing a charge between the
plates
Electrons on the left plate
are attracted toward the
positive terminal of the
voltage source
This leaves an excess of
positively charged holes
The electrons are pushed
toward the right plate
Excess electrons leave a
negative charge

_
_

Working Of Capacitors

What is dielectric?

The Farad Unit of Capacitance

With more charging voltage, the electric field is stronger
and more charge is stored in the dielectric.
The amount of charge Q stored in the capacitance is
therefore proportional to the applied voltage. Also, a larger
capacitance can store more charge. These relations are
summarized by the formula:
Q =CV coulombs

Example
How much charge is stored in a 2uF capacitor
connected across a 50-V supply?
Q =CV =(2u)x50
=100 uC
A constant current of 2 uA charges a capacitor for 20 s.
How much charge is stored?
Q =Ixt
=2u x 2=40 C

Some Properties Of Capacitor

Allow AC current to pass.

Stop DC current.
Stores Voltage in the form of electric field.
Capacitors in series:
1/Ct=1/C1+1/C2...
Capacitor In Parallel:
Ct=C1+C2+C3...