Methods and apparatus for grinding main journals of crankshafts

Methods and apparatus for grinding main journals of crankshafts

IPC classes for russian patent Methods and apparatus for grinding main
journals of crankshafts (RU 2303510):
B24B5/42 - for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
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Crankshaft is mounted in clamping unit. Rotation axis of grinding spindle is

arranged in parallel relative to rotation axis of crankshaft with possibility of
normal approaching to it. Number of grinding wheels corresponds to that of
ground main journals. In zone at least of one main journal opposite to grinding
spindle rest is mounted for supporting crankshaft. Additional power head unit is
used for preliminarily working at least of one main journal at forming support
for rest arranged over main journal. Power head unit is made with possibility of
approaching or rotation towards crankshaft for touching it in zone between
crankshaft and grinding spindle not being in touching position. Before final
working of main journals, support for rest is subjected to grinding by means of
grinding wheel of additional power head unit or by means of one grinding
wheel of set. In second variant main journals are preliminarily worked by milling
or turning for forming protrusion at least on one main journal. Said protrusion
after grinding it by means of one grinding wheel is used as support for rest at
final grinding of main journals by means of grinding wheel set.
Processing method of revolving parts Processing method of revolving parts /
2359802
Invention relates to mechanical engineering field and can be used during the
processing of revolving parts, for instance crankshafts and similar parts.
Method includes two work operations. At least at one of them it is implemented
grinding of at least one surface of part, clamped at both sides in corresponding
chucks of fixturing system. During the other phase of work in the part by
means of boring tool it is implemented at least one end openings. During its
boring clamp at one of the ends is unfastened. Boring tool is located in
unfastened clamphig chuck, and clamp at the other end of the part is kept.
Center grinder and method of simultaneous grinding of several bearings and
crankshaft journals Center grinder and method of simultaneous grinding of
several bearings and crankshaft journals / 2467863
Invention relates to machine building and may be used for grinding several
bearings and crankshaft journals. Grinding is carried out at center grinder with
first and second sections. The former serves to grind main bearings by several
wheels. While the latter serves to grind rod bearings by two wheels mounted in
two spindles. The latter are mounted on common slide rest. First grinding
spindle is fixed on slide while second spindle can displace by 0.2 mm relative
to first one to correct departure of size or roundness of two ground rod
bearings. Said correction is performed in finish grinding by controlling second
spindle proceeding from said departures registered by measuring instruments.
Inclined and shaped grinding wheel is used for grinding crankshaft journals.
Grinding multi-purpose machine and method of simultaneous grinding of
crankshaft multiple journals Grinding multi-purpose machine and method of
simultaneous grinding of crankshaft multiple journals / 2470758
Invention relates to machine building and may be for grinding multiple main
and crankpin journals and/or central sections. Two crankpin grinding spindles
are fitted on common cross slide. First of said spindles displaces in sole

direction Z, while second spindle performs minimum displacement in direction

X relative to first spindle. At final grinding stage, deviation of two machined
journals sizes are corrected by separate control over second crankpin grinding
spindle. Deviation is determined by measurement devices.
Method of finishing crankshaft main and rod bearings by external grinding and
device to this end Method of finishing crankshaft main and rod bearings by
external grinding and device to this end / 2480320
Invention relates to machine building and may be used for external grinding.
Crankshaft rod bearings are finished before grinding main bearings. Strains
generated are allowed for to be compensated in grinding main bearings. Rod
bearings are ground by pendulum process with programmable numerical
control. Crankshaft is arranged in rotational axis defined by two rough thrust
sections of its main bearings extending along crankshaft. Deviation of said
actual rotational axis from crankshaft geometrical longitudinal axis is allowed
for in pendulum grinding by grinder processor. Finished rod bearings are
precisely related to main bearings to be ground on placing them in crankshaft
geometrical longitudinal axis.
Universal flange-mounted center shifter Universal flange-mounted center
shifter / 2481940
Invention relates to machine building and repair and may be used for shifting a
part from its rotational center in location before machining, for example, before
grinding crankshaft journals. Proposed device comprises body to be bolted to
crankshaft flange and turn table bolted to said body at definite position in Tslot. Said turn table end part has bridges and two T-clots for said bridges, each
being provided with two through holes to attachment to turn table.
Grind-and-support device Grind-and-support device / 2538443
Invention relates to machine building and can be used for multi-support
grinding of crankshafts. Seat of bearing element is ground at one bearing
support of machined part at a time with grinding of bearing supports. Note here
that grind-and-support unit is used including wheelhead with at least one
grinding wheel 32 and support element. After grinding, support elements are
pressed there against to support machined part in further machining.
FIELD: machine engineering, possibly grinding main journals of crankshafts
with use of set of grinding wheels.
SUBSTANCE: crankshaft is mounted in clamping unit. Rotation axis of grinding
spindle is arranged in parallel relative to rotation axis of crankshaft with
possibility of normal approaching to it. Number of grinding wheels corresponds
to that of ground main journals. In zone at least of one main journal opposite to
grinding spindle rest is mounted for supporting crankshaft. Additional power
head unit is used for preliminarily working at least of one main journal at
forming support for rest arranged over main journal. Power head unit is made
with possibility of approaching or rotation towards crankshaft for touching it in
zone between crankshaft and grinding spindle not being in touching position.

Before final working of main journals, support for rest is subjected to grinding
by means of grinding wheel of additional power head unit or by means of one
grinding wheel of set. In second variant main journals are preliminarily worked
by milling or turning for forming protrusion at least on one main journal. Said
protrusion after grinding it by means of one grinding wheel is used as support
for rest at final grinding of main journals by means of grinding wheel set.
EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and quality of crankshafts after working them.
7 cl, 6 dwg

The present invention relates to a method of grinding indigenous journals of

crankshafts, as well as to a device for implementing this method.
When grinding indigenous journals or bearing crankshaft with large-scale
production are different possibilities.
So, the root of the neck can finally be treated, for example, a separate grinding
wheels, however, it is associated with significant computer time when grinding,
as each crankshaft bearing is handled separately. In addition, you want a
machine with a relatively complex structure to provide flexibility in this method
of grinding.
Known grinding, not very common in large-scale production, in which
indigenous cervical crankshafts are ground so-called centerless method.
The method most widely used for large scale production, is the so-called
mnogopoloskovogo grinding, in which several grinding wheels grinding spindle
simultaneously affect the crankshaft in these locations, the relevant indigenous
bearings. These machines are well known, and is designed so that the bed of
the machine with the grinding spindles and accessories for editing mechanisms
installed the cross feed. Device for dressing served predominantly linearly
along the axis perpendicular to the main or Central axis of rotation of the
crankshaft. In front of such a grinding machine is a table that is either rigidly
mounted on the machine frame, or can be moved along the axis of the CNC in
the direction of an axis located perpendicular to the axis of flow and parallel to
the axis of rotation. On this table, set the workpiece headstock and the
tailstock and headstock product contains the spindle of the product. The
spindle of the product is known to host Chuck or grip the crankshaft. On the
table of the grinding machine also installed the tailstock with manual
movement to adjust the different lengths of the crankshaft. The tailstock quill is
able to automatically move forward and backward during placement and
removal of the crankshaft, as it is commonly known for the traditional
cylindrical grinding machines.
When clamping the crankshaft produced from the front headstock, can be used
either floating powered system or cartridges with a Central clip. Motor
workpiece headstock and with it the crankshaft are rotated. The quill tailstock
contains rear center, performed usually in the form of a so-called stationary

center. Between the headstock is the was manufactured and the tailstock quill
is placed between the respective thrust centers of the crankshaft in their
centers, causing the Central axis of the spindle of the product, on the one
hand, and quill tailstock, on the other hand, are precisely aligned to the Central
axis or axis of rotation of the crankshaft.
To ensure accurate monitoring of the process of grinding the product during
grinding is automatically measured by the two measuring devices in real-time
and relevant amendments are made to the machine.
When the described method mnogopoloskovogo grinding are widely used, as a
rule, corundum grinding wheels, primarily in the manufacture of crankshafts.
These machines are distinguished by the fact that the wear of the grinding
wheels according to their diameter ranges from about 1100 to 600 mm. it
should be borne in mind that after grinding every 20-30 crankshafts need to
edit the value of which reaches the order of 0.03 mm
When the method mnogopoloskovogo grinding seems best able to grind
indigenous cervical or main bearings containing lateral grooves to exit the
grinding wheel, i.e. in this case the face side, not polished. In addition, it is
possible to simultaneously grind main bearings with lateral radial passages to
such end side and the end side of such main bearing with a height of from
about 4 to 5 mm.
Grinding podobnikar bearing side radial passages and the possible presence of
end sides is very difficult, as in this case, the method is largely consistent with
the technology of grinding.
Way mnogopoloskovogo grinding crankshafts may also grind their indigenous
cervical or main bearing side radial passages or without them and with a
possible audience of end sides and sanded the Central parts of the flange or
pin, and the Central parts of the flange or pin end surface is not polished.
Depending on the size and configuration of the sanding crankshaft for his
support during grinding corundum grinding wheels are used lunettes in
connection with the grinding force exerted grinding wheels on the crankshaft.
The problem of high effort grinding and related high cutting forces inherent
also the so-called grinding circles CBN designed to provide increased cutting
performance required for the profitability of the grinding process. Here we have
in mind not only the required ensuring the optimal cycle time, but also the
properties of the grinding wheel CBN. Grinding wheels CBN, especially those
that contain ceramic binder and the thickness of the abrasive layer which is
about 5 mm, have, on the one hand, the advantage that they provide p the
increased volume of cut, but, on the other hand, have a drawback, which is
manifested in the fact that due to the specifications of grinding wheels cutting
forces are higher, resulting in the whole grinding process is technically much
more difficult.
However, a significant advantage grinding grinding wheels CBN is that
increased volumes of cut and which is approximately ten times longer cycles

edits, which generally means reducing the primary and secondary time in the
manufacture of the crankshaft. The result is increased production of
crankshafts per unit time.
Although the use of such grinding wheels CBN and is optimal, however, due to
the increased effort of grinding it is the grinding of the crankshaft at the site of
the radical bearing at least until the setting of the reference lunette is
technically particularly problematic.
Taking into account these circumstances, the basis of the invention was used to
develop the method and the device, providing significant improvements in the
grinding process support for rest.
The task is solved by a device in accordance with the characteristics of claim 1
and by a method in accordance with the characteristics of claim 8 claims.
In principle, when grinding the seat rest is essential to possess, in the ne is o,
very good concentric rotation relative to the sanding main bearing and,
secondly, a very good roundness.
In accordance with this, the device according to the invention differs in that it
provides additional power head for preprocessing at least one main journal of
the crankshaft, which serves as the final operation mnogopoloskovogo grinding
support for the installation of the rest.
Preferably, the power head was an additional grinding fixture with at least one
grinding wheel for grinding main journal of the crankshaft, designed to support
the rest.
Preferably, the width of the at least one grinding wheel of the power head was
less than the width of the root of the neck so that the main bearing for grinding
formed a raceway for the rest of this width, so you can easily install the Cams
lunette. While the polished raceways formed with a narrow grinding wheel must
be greater by at least about 2 mm than the Cams lunette. Such conditions are,
first of all, in the case when the main bearings need to be sanded with corner
radii.
According to the invention an additional power head to lunchtime shaft or
supplied, or turns in the case, when the grinding spindle when the final
megapolisokban grinding the crankshaft is in touch with this shaft.
According to the invention mnogopoloskovogo grinding is carried out so that
before the final grinding indigenous necks pre-polishing at least one radical
neck, which should serve as a support for the rest. I.e. all processing operations
are performed with the clamped product.
For this purpose, according to the invention, there are two fundamentally
different possibilities. During grinding of the main bearings with lateral grooves
to exit the grinding wheel, in which the end side main bearing at the same time
not polished, it is possible to do without the so-called additional grinding
devices described above in connection with the device according to the

invention. In this case, requires that the main bearing of the crankshaft
pretreatment vortex milling or turning was performed contoured protrusion,
which is removed when megapolisokban grinding on grinding machine. This
ledge should be equal at least to the width of the running support for the
lunette, and the ledge you want to permanently ground to a handle adjacent
main bearing sets the drive of the grinding wheels. I.e. here in relation to the
required accuracy concentric rotation and the roundness of the seat rest can be
ensured optimal performance. Then polished raceways install the lunette and
down a set of grinding wheels grinding spindle in the feed direction, then the
root or main bearings are ground to finally finish size.
Another possibility is that, as has already been described above in connection
with device support for the rest proshlifovat grinding wheel, and the additional
grinding device is employed within the grinding machine.
In both cases, when megapolisokban finishing grinding according to the
invention to ensure proper controvery ensures a constant supply of the lunette
to the root neck, and during the grinding and measuring devices automatically
measure the crankshaft, resulting in the grinding process is almost identical to
grinding using corundum grinding wheels.
Below, the method and the device according to the invention more illustrated
by the examples shown in the drawings in Appendix.
This shows
figure 1 - schematic top view of the grinding section of the device according to
the invention by grinding the seat rest;
Phi is .2 - a simplified schematic side view of the location of the individual
grinding wheels;
figure 3 is a schematic top view when megapolisokban grinding of the
crankshaft;
4 is a simplified schematic side view when the allotted additional grinding
fixture;
5 is a touch of the grinding wheel when grinding indigenous necks with lateral
radii;
6 is a grinding base to rest on a radical neck with preprocessed serving the
raceway.
Figure 1 is a simplified view shows a top view, this shows the crankshaft 1 in
the clamped position and a set of grinding wheels 12, 13. The crankshaft 1 is
located in the floating clamping cartridge 6 with the thrust center 8 in the
center of the crankshaft 1 and positioned along its length, emphasizing the
longitudinal course 7.
Floating clamping jaws of the Chuck 6 cover the crankshaft in its flange,
providing a radial grip when grinding.

On the side of the tailstock crank shaft 1 is kept persistent by the center 9, the
result of which it is clamped and held at both ends in their already prepared the
centering elements being squeezed and occupying the exact position for
grinding.
Also shown located on the table of the grinding machine measuring devices 4
and 5, which during the grinding of the ora to rest on the crankshaft is not
affected.
Case 3 is also located on the table of the grinding machine, however, when
grinding the seat lunette he never pressed his fists to the product.
The crankshaft 1 contains several main bearings, namely, in this example, I, II,
III and IV. Grinding the seat rest is, as shown in figure 1, on a rotating main
bearing II.
This uses the power head 11 in the form of additional grinding fixtures, made
mainly together with the spindle hub motor. The spindle motor includes in the
front part at its front end the grinding wheel 10.
For additional grinding device 11 can be deployed to the crankshaft, it must be
parallel to the Z-axis, which is axis CNC to move the table of the grinding
machine, grinding wheels 13 should be free to move along the X-axis, which
serves for the supply of the grinding wheel head 12.
To prevent displacement of the crankshaft 1 in the direction of axis X additional
grinding device 11 is turned by grinding the seat rest so that a narrow grinding
wheel 10 when grinding the seat rest were located mainly in the middle before
grinding wheel 13 sets of grinding wheels grinding spindle 12. Ash, serving to
move the grinding spindle on which is mounted additional grinding device 11,
is used for the supply of the grinding wheel 10 to the crankshaft.
1 shows a grinding spindle 12 with a Central, located parallel to the crankshaft
axis 14, which revolves around grinding wheels 13 in the processing of bearing
I-IV.
Grind main bearings of the crankshaft 1 is marked position 2. To maintain the
cutting forces during grinding the seat rest, if possible, at a low level grinding
wheel 10 is made with a width of about 10-12 mm, the width of the Cams
lunette is, for example, about 8 mm Abrasive for grinding the seat rest can be,
for example, corundum grinding wheel or grinding wheel CBN.
In this example, additional grinding device 11 described in the form of the
swivel unit. However, this device 11 can be performed so that it could be
moved or rotated to any position within the grinding machine.
Figure 2 shows a greatly simplified side view section main bearing II in figure 1.
The grinding wheel 10 for grinding the seat rest is in front of grinding wheel 13
of the grinding spindle 12. The crankshaft 1 is depicted in the cut is. As can be
seen from figure 2, the Central axis of all grinding wheels 10 and 13 and the

Central axis of the crankshaft 1 are parallel, and these Central axes lie
predominantly in the horizontal plane.
Figure 3 shows the final stage mnogopoloskovogo grinding bearings I-IV, and
they are ground simultaneously. This must be done, as all wheels 13 mounted
on the grinding spindle 12 supported at both ends. A set of grinding wheels is
supplied
on
the
X-axis
numerical
control
CNC
system.
During
mnogopoloskovogo grinding steady rest 3 with their Cams mounted on main
bearing II, resulting in grinding process ensures a very reliable support for the
product. To achieve an accurate diameter crankshaft main bearing 1 mainly on
indigenous bearings I and IV installed measuring heads 4, 5 for diameter
measurement. During grinding constantly compares the setpoint and actual
dimensions of the crankshaft 1. Corrections were made immediately through
the block CNC machine, and measuring devices continuously record the actual
values of the diameter of the bearing I and IV. When the preset indicator on one
of the main bearings of the crankshaft 1 of the grinding cycle ends and the
sections of the AUX spindle 12 is given.
Although figure 3 shows the grinding of the main bearings of the crankshaft 1,
however, it is possible to Polish and other Central areas of the crankshaft 1 in
the same position of the clamp using respectively the modified set of grinding
wheels.
Figure 4 shows a simplified side view of a part of the workspace main bearing
II, for which figure 3 shows a top view. Here you can see that additional
grinding device 11 with the grinding wheel 10 is allocated up, but it can be
assumed that depending on the design of the grinding machine and the
availability of free space it can be mounted or disposed in any other position.
Figure 5 illustrates in greater detail a process of grinding grinding wheel 13
main bearing of the crankshaft 1, and marked the position of the main body
13A of the grinding wheel and the position of the 14 floor of the CBN. Coating
thickness is typically about 5 mm On the image of main bearing of the
crankshaft 1 are simultaneously polished lateral radii of 15. At radius transition
to the end surfaces simultaneously polished, for example, end a shoulder
height of about 4-5 mm
Figure 6 in simplified form is shown, as is the grinding of the main bearing
grinding wheel 13. Crankshaft bearing includes a projection 16 is formed is
output during pre-processing, for example, a rotary milling or turning on a
single device. Clearly you can see that the grinding wheel 13 when grinding
affects only the projection 16 of this main bearing, and the side areas 17 and
the remaining main bearings of the crankshaft 1 is not polished at polishing the
seat rest. After blocking a base to rest on the perimeter of the projection 16 is
set to rest.
Then is fed a set of grinding wheels, after which the crankshaft is ground finally.
List of items:
1 - crankshaft,

2 - main bearings I, II, III, IV,

3 - lunette
4, 5 and measuring instruments,
6 - jaw Chuck,
7 - emphasis longitudinal course,
8, 9 resistant centers,
10 - the grinding wheel,
11 - the power head, additional grinding fixture,
12 grinding spindle
13 - wheels,
14 - the Central axis,
15 - lateral radii,
16 - ledge
17 - lateral areas.
1. Device for grinding indigenous journals of crankshafts, containing the
clamping node for clamping and crankshaft rotation around its axis, the spindle
Assembly with a grinding spindle having a rotational axis located parallel to the
axis of rotation of the crankshaft with the possibility perpendicular thereto
supply, and grinding wheels in a quantity suitable for the m number of sanding
indigenous crankshaft journals, moreover, in the area of at least one of the
indigenous necks opposite the grinding spindle steady rest to support the
crankshaft in the zone of this radical neck made with a permanent supply in the
final grinding indigenous necks (2) prior to their final size to ensure controvery,
characterized in that it is equipped with an additional power head (11) for pretreatment of at least one root of the neck (2) of the crankshaft (1) with the
formation of a support case (3)above the root collar (2)with the power head
(11) made with the possibility of a supply or rotation to the crankshaft (1) to
touch with him in the area between this shaft and the grinding spindle (12), are
not in the touch position.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the power head (11) is
a grinding device with at least one grinding wheel (10).
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the width of the
grinding wheel (10) is less than the width of the root of the neck (2).
4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that as the grinding wheel
(10) of the power head (11) used the grinding wheel CBN.
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the drive of the power
head (11) is made individually.

6. The way of grinding indigenous journals of crankshafts including

simultaneous grinding indigenous necks with the help of a set of grinding
wheels and lunettes, moreover, before the final grinding indigenous necks (2)
to final size by at least one radical neck (2) grind the support place for rest (3)
with a size different from the final size of the main journal, and in the final
grinding indigenous necks (2) of the crankshaft (1), a set of grinding wheels to
the final size of the lunette (3) fail on the final size of the indigenous necks,
characterized in that use additional grinding device (11) with the grinding
wheel (10), which fail or turn to the crankshaft (1) for touch with him in the
area between this shaft and the grinding spindle (12) sets of grinding wheels
when not in the touch position of the grinding spindle (12), and grinding the
seat base to rest on a radical neck (2) is produced by blocking it by additional
grinding device (11), with the final polishing of indigenous journals (2) of the
crankshaft (1) produce a set of grinding wheels after installing the rest.
7. Way grinding of crankshaft bearings, indigenous cervix which have lateral
grooves, including simultaneous grinding indigenous necks with the help of a
set of grinding wheels and lunettes, and before the final grinding indigenous
necks (2) to final size by at least one drastically the neck (2) grind the support
place for rest (3) size, other than final size of the main journal, and in the final
grinding indigenous necks (2) of the crankshaft (1), a set of grinding wheels to
the final size of the lunette (3) fail on the final size of the indigenous journals
(2), characterized in that the pre-root of the neck (2) of the crankshaft (1) is
treated with a rotary milling or turning with the formation of at least one of the
indigenous necks (2) of the protrusion (16), grinding space support for rest (3)
produce a blocking protrusion (16) one grinding wheel (13) set grinding wheels
without grinding the sides (17) and other indigenous journals (2), and the final
grinding indigenous necks (2) of the crankshaft (1) carry out a set of grinding
wheels after installing the bezel (3) the ledge (16) support.