Documentos de Académico
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Part-A
UNIT I
1. Define Surveying.
It is defined as the processofmeasuring horizontal distances,
verticaldistancesand included
angles to determine the locationofpoints on, above or below the earth
surfaces.
The term surveying is the representation ofsurface features in a
horizontal plane.
The proces ofdetermining the relative heights in the vertical plane is
refered as leveling.
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as plane surveying.
Plane surveying isconducted for the purpose ofengineering projects.
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13. Distinguishbetween the fore bearing and the back bearing should
be 180o.
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26.What are the raw materials used for the manufacturing of cement?
Lime (CaO) - 62%
Silica (SiO2) - 22%
Alumina - 5%
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Calcium Sulphate 4%
IronOxide- 3%
Magnesia - 2%
Sulphar - 1%
Alkalies - 1%
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31. List down the commercial forms of steel sections used in the
construction.
i) Round bars i) Square barsi) Torsteel iv) Plates v) Flat bars vi) Angle
sections vi) Channelsections vi) I-sections
UNIT II
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4. Define Superstructure.
Superstructuremainlyconsists ofwals, doors windows and lintels.
The purpose of superstructure is to provide the necessary utilityofthe
building, structuralsafety,
fire safety, sanitation and ventilation.
5. Define EnglishBond:
English bond consists of headers and Stretchers in alternative courses
of elevation.
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2. Nonrigid dams.
? Earth Dams
? Rockfils dams.
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? Semi throughbridges
? Straight bridges
? Skew bridge
? Arch Bridge
? SlabBridge
? Tbeam and slab bridge
? Bow string andgirder bridge
? SteelArch bridge
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UNIT III
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The function of super heater is used to super heat the saturated steam
and to
supplythe steam to turbine.
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Generator
Feed Diesel
pump engine
I/P air
Water pump
Air
compressor Layout of diesel power plant
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incausing fission ofU235 and tryto escape from the reactor. To improve
the utilization of these fast
neutrons, their speed is reduced in this moderator.
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valve to remove the air present inside. If any air is present, the pressure
developed acrossthe impeler
wilnot be suficient to suck the water from the sump. The deliveryvalve
is kept closed during priming.
32. What arethe types of casing?
o Volute casing.
o Vortexcasing.
o Difuser casing.
33. Defined turbine.
A turbine is defined as a hydraulic machine which converts hydraulic
energy into
mechanical energy and this mechanical energyis used to use to run an
electricalgenerator which is
directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Thus, mechanical energy is
converted into electrical energy.
A simple turbine wil have one moving part and a rotor assembly. The
rotating system is caled a runner
in a turbine.
34. What is meant byimpulse turbine withexample?
In this energyis available isonly kinetic energy, then the turbine is
known as impulse turbine.
Eg: Pelton wheelturbine.
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UNIT-IV
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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6. Define stroke.
Strokeis defined as the distancetraveled by the piston while moving
fromT.D.C to the
B.D.C.
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o
Choke valve
o
Fuel jet.
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o Magneto ignitionsystem.
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UNIT-V
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
1. What is Refrigeration?
Refrigeration is the proces of removing heat from anenclosed space or
from a
substance, under controled conditionsand moving the heat to
anunobjectional place.
2. What is meant byrefrigerator?
Arefrigerator is a machine that removes heat froma low temperature
region. Since energy
cannot be destroyed, the heat taken inat a low temperature must be
dissipated to the suroundings.
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