Assignment # 3

Subject: Real Time Embedded Systems

Class: BCE 8th

Teacher: Ahsan Malik

Submission Date: December 02, 2015

Q-1 Explain why NAND and NOR gates are more common than AND and OR Gates.
Q-2 Build a 2-input XOR gate using minimum number of CMOS transistors.
Q-3 What is the difference between a synchronous and asynchronous circuit?
Q-4 Illustrate how program and data memory fetches can be overlapped in Harvard architecture.
Q-5 Write the instruction set simulator for the given instruction set for some processor.
0)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)

ADC Rd, Rr Add with Carry Rd Rd + Rr + C

ADD Rd, Rr Add without Carry Rd Rd + Rr
ADIW(1) Rd, K Add Immediate to Word Rd Rd + 1:Rd + K
SUB Rd, Rr Subtract without Carry Rd Rd - Rr
SUBI Rd, K Subtract Immediate Rd Rd - K
SBC Rd, Rr Subtract with Carry Rd Rd - Rr - C
SBCI Rd, K Subtract Immediate with Carry Rd Rd - K - C
SBIW(1) Rd, K Subtract Immediate from Word Rd + 1:Rd Rd + 1:Rd - K
AND Rd, Rr Logical AND Rd Rd Rr
ANDI Rd, K Logical AND with Immediate Rd Rd K
OR Rd, Rr Logical OR Rd Rd v Rr
ORI Rd, K Logical OR with Immediate Rd Rd v K
EOR Rd, Rr Exclusive OR Rd Rd Rr
COM Rd Ones Complement Rd $FF - Rd
NEG Rd Twos Complement Rd $00 - Rd
SBR Rd,K Set Bit(s) in Register Rd Rd v K
CBR Rd,K Clear Bit(s) in Register Rd Rd ($FFh - K)
INC Rd Increment Rd Rd + 1
DEC Rd Decrement Rd Rd - 1
TST Rd Test for Zero or Minus Rd Rd Rd
CLR Rd Clear Register Rd Rd Rd
SER Rd Set Register Rd $FF
MUL(1) Rd,Rr Multiply Unsigned R1:R0 Rd x Rr (UU)

Q-6 A particular motor operates at 10 revolutions per second when its controlling input voltage is

3.7 V. Assume that you are using a microcontroller with a PWM whose output port can be set high
(5V) or low (0V).
(a) Compute the duty cycle necessary to obtain 10 revolutions per second.
(b) Provide values for a pulse width and period that achieve this duty cycle. You do not
need to consider whether the frequency is too high or too low although the values
should be reasonable. There is no one correct answer.

Q-7 Given and analog output signal whose voltage should range from 0 to 10V, and an 8-bit
digital encoding, provide the encodings for the following desired voltages:
a) 0V, b) 1V, c) 5.33V, d) What is the resolution of our conversion.

Q-8 A missile is fired after 6550 milliseconds after its being launched on the launching pad. You
are asked to use the watch dog timer to calculate the desired time and fire the missile. This watch
dog timer uses 10 bit up-counter and is connected to 100 Hz oscillator. A timeout should occur
after the desired time to fire the missile. What value should be loaded into the up-counter to fire
the missile in desired time?