Sodium peroxide, Na2O2, is a strong oxidizer and is the normal product

when sodium is burned. It is hydrolyzed by water to form sodium hydroxide

and hydrogen peroxide. Sodium peroxide is very soluble in water and it
release heat when react with water and form alkali solution.
Na2O2 (s) + 2 H2O (l) 2 NaOH (aq) + H2O2 (aq)
Magnesium oxide only slightly soluble in water and release very small
amount of heat when react with water. The solution form is slightly alkaline
which is magnesium hydroxide.
MgO (s) + H2O (l) Mg(OH)2 (aq)
Aluminium oxide is very unreactive, it insoluble in water and doesnt react
simple way with water because the oxide ions of aluminium oxide held too
strongly in the solid lattice. However, aluminium oxide is amphoteric, It has
reactions as both a base and an acid. Silicon dioxide does not react with
water and insoluble in water since it is covalent macromolecule structure
which hard to break up.
Phosphorus (V) oxide reacts vigorously with water to form acidic
solution. It is soluble in water. It is exothermic reaction when react with water
as it release heat and form phosphoric acid.
P4O10 (s) + 6H2O (l) 4H3PO4 (aq)
Chlorine oxide soluble in water and form acidic solution when react
with water. It produces chlorine (I) acid which also called hypochlorous acid.
Cl2O (g) + H2O(l) 2HOCl (aq)
The trend in structure of period 3 oxide is divided in three part which the
first part is the metallic oxides containing containing metal ions and oxide ion
which is Na2O2, MgO and Al2O3. There have high melting and boiling points
due to strong attraction between oppositely charged ions that needed a lot
of energy to break the ionic bond. Na2O2 and MgO can conduct electricity
because they ionizes in water to form free mobile of ion either in molten
state or aqueous solution while Al2O3 only conduct electricity in molten
state. The second part is giant covalent oxide (silicon dioxide) in the middle
of the period 3 that formed by three different crystal. There is very high
melting and boiling points as there are many strong covalent bonds which
needed lots of energy to break. Silicon dioxide doesn't have any mobile
electrons or ions, so it doesn't conduct electricity in any physical state. The
last part is simple molecular oxides consist of P4O10 and Cl2O which have

low melting and boiling points due to weak van der waals forces between
molecules can break down easily. The absence of free mobile of ion make
them cannot conduct electricity in either molten or aqueous state.
Water forms strong bases with Na2O2 and MgO, amphoteric action with
Al2O3 while no effect on SiO2 and acids produced with P4O10, Cl2O. The
acid-base nature of period 3 oxide can be identify through neutralization.
Na2O2 or MgO react with any acid solution which is HCl will produce salt and
water.
2Na2O2 (s) + 4HCl (aq) 4NaCl (s) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
MgO (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (s) + H2O(l)
Al2O3 can be dissolves in both dilute acid or alkaline solution to form salt
and water.
Al2O3(s) + 6HNO3(aq) 2Al(NO3)3 (s) + H2O(l)
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) 2NaAlO2 (s) + H2O(l)
Oxide of silicon, phosphorus and chlorine are acidic oxide. They react with
alkaline solution to form salt and water.
SiO2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SiO3(s) + H2O(l)
P4O10(s) + 12 NaOH(aq) 4Na3PO4(s) + 6 H2O(l)
Cl2O(g) + 2NaOH(aq) 2NaClO(aq) + H2O(l)
When carry out the experiment, the lower meniscus of measuring cylinder is read in case
of distilled water. Our eyes are perpendicular to the reading of measuring cylinder to avoid
parallax error. The solution must be mixed at equivalent temperature to avoid
temperature changes in the solution which will affect the final result. A
thermometer is used to measure the final temperature of solution and glass rod is used to stir the
mixture continuously at the same time to get the accurate value, it is not encouraged to
shake the mixture of solution to avoid spilled out of hazard solution.