Motor sin escobillas DC (BLDCM) ha sido ampliamente utilizado en los sistemas de

accionamiento y control servo debido a su rpida respuesta, alta densidad de potencia

y alta eficiencia y as sucesivamente. Por lo general, es impulsado por un inversor de
PWM de conmutacin dura, que tiene una baja frecuencia de conmutacin, la prdida
de conmutacin alta, la interferencia de alta electro magntica (EMI) y el ruido
acstico, etc. Para resolver los inconvenientes de la fuente de tensin Tipo de
conmutacin dura inversor, muchos tipos de resonancia del circuito intermedio
inversores se han estudiado ampliamente. Sin embargo, estos inversores tienen
inconvenientes tales como el estrs de alto voltaje de los dispositivos, la modulacin
delta, lmite umbral de la corriente del inductor o tensin del condensador y el control
sofisticado. En este trabajo se propone una novela voltaje cero transicin paralela
inversor resonante fuente de tensin del circuito intermedio (ZVT-PRDCL-VSI) para
sistemas de accionamiento BLDCM. El inversor posee ventajas de bajas prdidas de
conmutacin de potencia, baja prdida de potencia del inductor, pequea tensin de
voltaje del dispositivo, esquema de control simple y no hay problema de desequilibrio
de la tensin del punto neutro. El principio de funcionamiento y el control de esquema
del inversor se analizan. La validez del circuito se verifica mediante simulacin y los
resultados experimentales.

KeywordsBrushless DC motor, zero soltage switching, voltage source

inverter, pulse width modulation.
I.

INTRODUCTION
The brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) has high torque.
compact size. and high efficiency. Therefore, BLDCM is widely
used in computers, household and industrial products, and
automobiles NI It is usually driven by a hard-switching PWNI
inverter, which has low switching frequency, high switching
loss, high EMI and acoustic noise. etc. To overcome the
limitation of voltage source-type hard switching inverter, many
resonant DC-link soft-switching inverter technologies have been
well developed and studied [2-10].
The resonant DC-link (RDCL) technique was proposed [3]. With
appropriate control of the bridge switches, the resonance can
bring the DC-link voltage down to zero periodically and this zero
interval is used to accomplish lossless switching of the bridge
devices. The major problem with RDCL inverters is the high
voltage stress of the devices. which is 2-3 times the DC-source
voltage. Other problems include the sub-harmonics due to the
delta modulation and the sophisticated control to assure proper
energy in the resonant components. To overcome the RDCL
drawbacks, the actively clamped resonant DC-link (ACRDCL)
technique was introduced [4]. The ACRDCL technique reduces
the device voltage stress down to 1.2-1.4 times. However, it is
still higher than the input DC voltage. Furthermore, the
resonance still occurs during the whole operating state, and the
control used to balance the clamp capacitor voltage is also

complicated. To generate notches of the DC link at require time.

the parallel resonant DC link (PRDCL) technique. also named
the quasi-resonant DC link (QRDCL) technique, was proposed
thereafter [5-7] The resonant components were shifted to a
path in parallel with the DC link. And auxiliary switches were
used to control the resonance. so that it would only occur
during the short switching transients. However PRDCL required
selling threshold of inductor current or capacitor voltage. it had
caused complex control A novel DC-rail parallel resonant zero
voltage transition (ZVT) voltage source inverter is introduced
[8] it overcomes many drawbacks mentioned above. However it
had the problem of the unbalancing problem of neutral-point
voltage with light load soft-switching inverter [9].
The majority of soft-switching inverters proposed in the recent
1 years have been aimed at the induction motor drive
applications. So it is necessary to research on the novel
topology of soft-switching in crier and special control circuit for
BLDCM drive stems [10]. This paper proposed a novel zero
voltage transition parallel resonant DC link voltage source
inverter (ZVT-PRDCL-VSI) for BLDCM. The topology of the softswitching inverter for BLDCM is shown in Fig. 1. The topology of
Fig. 1 has the ability to provide zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for
all inverter switches independent of the direction of the DC link
current. The drives, sytem contains DC voltage source. resonant
circuit, conventional voltage source inverter, control circuit and
BLDCM. The resonant circuit consists of three auxiliary
switches, one resonant inductor, one resonant capacitor and
several diodes and capacitors. The auxiliary switches are
controlled at certain instant to obtain the resonance between
inductor and capacitor. Thus the DC link voltage reaches zero
temporaly (voltage notch) and the main switches of the inverter
get ZVS condition. The conventional inverter is controlled by
proper commutations such that of the three phases are with on
states and the remaining one is with floating state.
II.

OPERATION PRINCIPLE AND ANALYSIS

In the following discussion it is assumed that load current is
ripple-free in a switching cycle and is denoted as I0. Transition
of CI and C2 (ZVS shut-off for V2 and V3) is negligible due to
less charging time and energy. The equivalent ZVT-PRDCL-VSI
circuit is shown in Fig.2. The corresponding waveforms of gate
signal of auxiliary switches, resonant capacitor voltage ( Uc )
and inductor current ( icr) are illustrated in Fig. 3. During soft
switching of inverter devices, the circuit of Fig. 2 goes through
various modes of operation, as shown in Fig. 4.

The process that DC link voltage reduces to zero and then rises
to dc supply voltage again is called one zero voltage transition
or one DC link voltage notch, shortened for ZVT. The operation
of the ZVT can be divided into eight modes. Mathematical
analysis of soft switching operation can be performed based on
the equivalent circuits shown in Fig.2.
Mode 0 [shown in Fig 4 (a)] t0< t<t1 Current flows from DC
power supply through VI to the load. The voltage across Cr is
equal to the supply voltage E The auxiliary switches V2 and 3
are in of state.
Mode l [shalt n in Fig 4(b)] t0< t<t2. This mode stars IA hen V I
is turned of ZVS s off due to Cr) and SVo itch V3 is turned on t
Zero Current Switch (ZCS) turns on due to Lr at t ti as shown
17-- Fie_ 3. Capacitor Cr resonates with inductor Lr. The
inductorr current i is increased and capacitor voltage ucr is
decreased. The equations as be written as the following di (t) di
dt; (I)

I ig 4 Operating modes

Mode 2 [shown in Fig4 (c)] t2<t<t3. When t=t2, capacitor

voltage U, is zero and load current /0 flows through the
freewheeling diode Di. At same time, resonance between C, and
L, is aborted because inductor current i 1, flows through V3 and
DI. When V3 is turned off (ZVS turns off due to C2), inductor
current it., is shifted to diode D2 and energy stored in inductor
is recovered to power, so inductor current quickly decreases.
When t--13. and i jT =0, get
Mode 3 [shown in Fig 4(d)] NV 13<i<t4. The voltage of DC link
is zero. The main switches of the inverter can be either turned
on or turned off under ZVS condition during the interval. Load
current flows through the freewheeling diode Di. Mode 4 [shown
in Fig-I (e)] 1-1<t<1.5 The auxiliary switch V2 is turned on (ZCS
turns on due to Lr). The
current through the resonant inductor Lr increases linearly from
zero while the current through the freewheeling diode Di in the
inverter decreases. The load current is slowly diverted from the
freewheeling diodes to the resonant branch. This mode ends
when the current through resonant inductor is equal to the link
current and the current through the freewheeling diodes
becomes zero. But U( is still zero. We have ii,(15)=10 (8)
T4=15-14=-1.'1" (9)
Mode 5 [shown in Fig 4 0] i5.--1<to This mode starts with the
charging of capacitor Cr due to resonance between Lr and Cr.
The inductor current is equal to the sum of the charging current
of capacitor Cr and the link current /0 . The voltage across the
DC link gradually builds up from zero to the source voltage E.
The equations can be written as the following: dig r (t) LJ (t)+ L,.
(.r= E (10) dU, (t) i 4(0= 10 + C,. ' (11) dr With initial condition
U( (1) = 0 , iL,(1)= 1 solve equations ( 1 0 ), ( 1 1 ), Ucr(t)= E[1
cos(cort)1 (11) it,(t)= I ,+Esin(o),1) (13) Further increase in
the link voltage causes the anti-parallel diode of VI to be
forward-biased. When the link voltage equals to the source
voltage, the auxiliary switch V2 (ZVS turns off due to CI) is
turned off and the main switch VI is turned on. Let Ur (1) = E ,
get
With initial condition Ucr (t) = 0 , it (t) = Io , r solve equations
(10), (11), (t) = E[1 cos(coo] E (1)=1+ sin(cort) (13) Xr
Further increase in the link voltage causes the anti-parallel
diode of V1 to be forward-biased. When the link voltage equals
to the source voltage, the auxiliary switch V2 (ZVS turns off due

to C1) is turned off and the main switch V1 is turned on. Let tic,
(t) = E, get
(12)
7T 1r T5 = tot5 2a), 4 I1 - (16)=I+ X
where, T. =
Mode 6 [shown in Fig 4 (g)] t6<t<t7. The auxiliary switch V2 is
turned off and the main switch V1 is turned on at t6. The
resonant inductor current is more than load current. The excess
current over the load current flows through the anti-parallel
diode of V1 and D3. This mode ends when the inductor current
equals to the load current. Get
(14)
(15)
1 T6 = t7 t6 r = Xr co,
(16)
18
Mode 7 Nolo n in Fig 4 (17)] t7-= i< a This mode fl starts ith the
turn-off of the anti-parallel diode of V 1 at 17 and at the same
time the main switch V1 starts conducting. The load current is
now the sum of the resonant inductor current and the main
switch VI current. This mode ends at t8 when all energy stored
in the a resonant inductor is recovered. Get
T7 =18-17 =
E Now the circuit topology changes to the initial circuit of Fig. 4
and the next cycle of operation is prepared.
III.

CONTROL SCHEME
For three phases BLDCM, six-step commutation with 4 120'
conduction time, it allows current to flow in only two phases at
any time. The inverter is controlled by the PWM technique to
give proper commutations such that two of the three phases
are with on states and the remaining one is with floating state.
Moreover, the sequence of commutations is retained in proper
order by use the rotor position signals. The speed of BLDCM is
controlled by PW\ I duty ratio regulation of the inverter. When
the dui) of PWM is 1, i.e., full duty circle, the main switches of
the inverter work under the commutation frequency. When the
phase current of the BLDCM needs commutation. the auxiliary
switches V1 . V2, V3 are controlled. and resonant occurs
between inductor and capacitor .The DC link voltage drops to
zero, so ZVS condition of the main switches is obtained. The
whole ZVT process occurs during phase current commutation.

The control method is shown in Fig. 5(a). While the duty of PWM
is less than 1, the auxiliary switch V1 works as a chop circuit.
The switches of the conventional inverter do not operate within
a PWM cycle when the phase current need not commutate. The
current of inverter switch is shifted to freewheeling diode during
the DC link voltage becomes zero. The control method is shown
in Fig. 5(b). When PWM signal is flopped down, mode 1 begins,
and DC link voltage is slowly dropped to zero. The voltage of DC
link does not increase until P\VM signal is flipped up. When PWM
signal is flipped up, mode 4 begins, inductor current increases
and freewheeling, diode slowly turns off. At last, the voltage of
DC link does not increase until PWM signal is flipped up. when
PWM signal is flippedup, mode 4 begins inductor current
increases and diode slowly turns off. At last. the ti voltage &the
DC link is increased to supply voltage. Thus, only one ZVT
occurs per PWM cycle. When PWM signal is flipped up, mode
4,5,6,7 are taken. So the switching frecuency of auxiliary
switches would be not greater than PWM frecuency
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT
The proposed resonant DC link inverter for brushless DC motor drive
system is modeled and verified simulation sofware. The DC link voltage
is 24V, the switching frequency is 15 kHz. the resonant inductor is 20 uH
and the resonant capacitance is 0.022uF The simulation waveforms are
shown in fig 6. The Fig.6 shows that the simulation result are consistent
with the theoretical analysis in section 2 and 3 .The DC link voltage
drops to zero when PWM signal is flopped down and increased to suppl
voltage while PWM signal is flipped up. The DC link voltage is clamped
to the source ()Rage, so voltage stress on all switches would be not
greater than DC supply voltage. A laboratory-sized model has been
constructed and an experiment was conducted to verify the theoretical
analysis and simulation results of the proposed ZVT-RDCL soft switch
inverter. The experiment system includes PWM circuit, timing sequence
circuit based on complex programmable logic device (CPLD), inverter
and its driver. The DC link voltage is 24V. PWM frequency is 15 kHz, the
resonant inductor is 20 uH , the resonant capacitance is 0.022 uF , rated
current of BLDCM is 2.3A, rated mechanical speed of BLDCM is 4000rpm.
and No. of poles of BLDCM
the experiment waveforms are shown in fig7 the figures show that the
experiment result are consistent with the theoretical analysis and
simulation . the gate signal of switching V1 ,V2 and V3 are shown in fig 7
(a) and (b). from the figures we can see that the experiment logic
waveforms of auxiliary switches match the control scheme in section 3,

and operating time of V2 and V3 is short. Thus, the inductor power loss
is low. 1 he DC link voltage (ic and inductor current i1 are shown in Fig.7
(e) and (d). From the waveforms, we can observe ZVT-R DCL inverter
proposed performed well and device voltage stress is small. The phase
voltage and current of BLDCM is shown in (e). The figure demonstrates
that the BLDCM worked well under novel soft-switching inverter.
(e) Fig 7 Experiment waveforms (a) Gate signal of auxiliary V1 and V2,
(h)Ciate signal of auxiliary VI and V3. (c) The DC link voltage and
inductor current, (d) The dc link voltage and I nduCtor current (zoom
out), (e) The phase voltage and phase current of BLIJCM
V.
( ONCLUSIONS
A novel zero voltage transition parallel resonant DC link voltage source
inverter is presented for BLDCM_ The proposed soft-switching inverter is
constructed from the conventional one by simply augmenting auxiliary
resonant DC link, and the soft switching is easily achieved by suitable
switching of the auxiliary switch. Control of resonance is based on time
sequence without testing any current or voltage, so control scheme is
simple. The soft-switching operation of zero voltage transition parallel
resonant DC link inverter is explained in terms of modes. The simulation
and experimental results demonstrate good performances of inverter.
[I]
REFERENCES
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2006 [2] CHEN Guo-chen, XU Chun-yu, SUNCheng-bo. QU Ke-qine,
TaniguchiKatsuno Locus of Flux Linkage for Three-Phase ZS Inverter,
Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition). 2005,vol 9,no 6,pp 521526, Vol 9 No 6 Dec 2005 Divan D M, "The Resonant DC Link ConverterA New Concept in Static PWM Converter", IEEE Trans Indus ,
vol25,no.2,pp 317-325. MAR /APR 1989 [4] D M Divan, G Skibinski, -ZeroSwitching-Loss Inverters for High-Power Applications", IEEE Trans Ind ,
vol 25. no 4. pp 634-643, JUL/AUG. 1989
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