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wcliao@ntu.edu.tw
R803;; 3366-4337
Review
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5
5.
6.
Introduction
Bending of Homogeneous Beams
R i f
Reinforced
d Concrete
C
t Beam
B
B
Behavior
h i
Design of Tension-Reinforced Rectangular Beams
Practical Considerations in Design of Beams
Rectangular Beams with Tension and Compression
Reinforcement
7. T-Beams
Review
Bending
B di off Homogeneous
H
Beams
B
Essential Assumptions
o Plane sections (before loading) remain plane (after
loading) Compatibility
o Development of stress and strain in the materials
follows a given stress-strain diagram Constitutive
oEquilibrium- in any section all the time
Review
M
Reinforced
Concrete Beam
Behavior
(III)
EIcr
EIg
(II)
(I)
Sectional Analysis:
I
I.
U
Uncracked
k d section
ti
Linear
Li
Behavior
B h i
II. Cracked section Linear Behavior
III. Cracked section Nonlinear Behavior
Compatibility, Constitutive, Equilibrium
Review
(I) Uncracked section Linear Behavior
Modular ratio
Esteel
n
Econcrete
Review
(I) Uncracked section Linear Behavior
Sol1: Method of Transformed Section
bh( h ) ( n 1) As d
2
y
bh (n 1) As
1 3 1
I g b y b( h y )3 ( n 1) As ( d y ) 2
3
3
M
fc
y
Ig
M cr f r
Ig
(h y )
fr
M cr
ct
E
cr
EI g h y h y
Mcr:
Review
(II) Cracked section Linear Behavior
Review
(II) Cracked section Linear Behavior
Sol 1: Method of Transformed Section
y
(b y ) nAs ( d y )
2
1 3
I cr b y nAs (d y ) 2
3
1
y
M b y fc (d )
2
3
M
EI cr
Review
(II) Cracked section Linear Behavior
Sol 2: Sectional Analysis
compatibility :
c
kd
s
d kd
1
f c bkd
2
f s Es s , T As f s bdf s
constitutive : f c Ec c , C
: C T
equilibrium
q
E
1
1
f c bkd bdff s k s s
2
2
Ec c
1
1 k
1 2
k n
k nk n 0
2
k
2
k ( n) 2 2 n n
Review
(II) Cracked section Linear Behavior
Sol 2: Sectional Analysis
kd
k
location of N . A. : jd d
j 1
3
3
M
Moment : M Tjd
j As f s jd
j fs
As jd
1
1
2M
2
M s Cjd
j , f c bkdjd
j f c kjbd
j
fc
2
2
kjbd 2
Review
(III) Cracked section Nonlinear Behavior
fc:: ,
stress-strain
stress strain curve
c: ,stress-strain curve
Review
(III) Cracked section Nonlinear Behavior
u
c
p
y:
compatibility
s d c
constitutive : C f c ' bc
T As f s
As f s
fsd
equilibrium : C T f c ' bc As f s c
fc ' b fc '
(location of N . A.)
Moment : M Tz As f s (d c )
Cz f c ' bc ( d c )
Review
(III) Cracked section Nonlinear Behavior
Code format
q
of first yyielding
g of steel fs=fy for limited steel
Requirement
amount
f yd
fsd
c
c
fc '
fc '
fyd
fy
2
M n As f y ( d c ) bdf y ( d
) bd f y (1
)
fc '
fc '
Nominal moment
Review
(III) Cracked section Nonlinear Behavior
f yd
fy
2
M n As f y ( d c ) bdf y ( d
) bd f y (1
)
fc '
fc '
M n bd f y (1 0.59
2
fy
fc '
u
cb
y
d cb
cb
u y
fc '
f y u y
M n bd f y (1 0.59
2
fy
fc '
f s Es s f y
As f s
d c
s
u c
c
fc ' b
M As f s ( d c )
= b
Chapter Outline
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5
5.
6.
Introduction
Bending of Homogeneous Beams
R i f
Reinforced
d Concrete
C
t Beam
B
B
Behavior
h i
Design of Tension-Reinforced Rectangular Beams
Practical Considerations in Design of Beams
Rectangular Beams with Tension and Compression
Reinforcement
7. T-Beams
Factored Load ()
A l i (Mu,
Analysis
(M Vu,
V Pu)
P )
As '
'
bd
As
bd
magnitude of resultant :
c
C f c ' cb f c ' ab
a
location of resultant :
a
a a
c
1 2
2
1 2
c
a
; 1 2
for f c ' 280
kgf
, 1 2 2 0.425 0.85
2
cm
c
c
0.72
0 72
0.85
a
1c 1 2 0.85
In
n gene
general
al ,
fc' - 280
= 0.85; 1 = 0.85 - 0.05
and 0.65 1 0.85
70
; 1 2
fc' - 280
and 0.65 1 0.85
= 0.85; 1 = 0.85 - 0.05
70
cb
u y
compare
fc ' u
b
f y u y
c
c
1c 1
a
b
()
T( fs=ffy) T
T(,
T=C
C C
(c2>c1 c2>c1)
, (c2<c1)
(ductile)
(warning)
b
crushing (c1=0.003) ()
T
T T=C
T C C
C
()
C (c2>c1)
C,
(brittle)
(no warning)
00.003
003
d c
s s 0.003
c
d c
c
d c
f s Es s 0.003
0 003
Es
c
d a
a 1c f s 0.003
0 003 1
Es
a
C T 0.85 f c ' ab As f s 0.003
1d a
a
0.85 f c ' 2
(
) a ad 1d 2 0 find a
0.003Es
a
M 0.85 f c ' ab( d )
2
Es bd
1. =b (NOT preferred)
Mechanical properties of materials vary
Amount of materials varies
Strain-hardening
Strain hardening of steel
Just yielding without ductility for warning
2. Code addresses
The minimum tensile reinforcement strain allowed
at nominal strength
The strength reduction factor accordingly
1. (tension-controlled)
c=0.003;
=0 003;
t>0.005
2. (compression-controlled)
c=0.003;
t<y=0.002
3 t
3.
Pu<0.1fcAg,
t>0.004
c
0 003
0.003
d t 0.003 0.002
0.600
0 600
c
0 003
0.003
d t 0.003 0.004
0.429
0 429
min t (code) max
c
0 003
0.003
d t 0.003 0.005
0.375
0 375
cb
u y
b 0.851
fc ' u
f y u y
t 0.004 max
Mn
Mcr
fr 2 fc '
a
M n min bdff y ( d )
2
bh3
Ig
M cr f r
2 f c ' 12
h
y
2
f c 'bh 2
3
a
h
assume 0.05d ;
1.1
2
d
M n M cr
a
M n bdf y ( d ) bdf y 0.95
0 95d M cr
2
fc '
00.333
333 f c ' h 2
( ) 0.425
fy
0.95 f y d
f c 'bh 2
3
f c ' 210
kgf
6.2
cm 2
fy
f c ' 280
7.1
kgf
fy
cm 2
f c ' 350
kgf
8.0
cm 2
fy
min
0 8 fc '
0.8
As ,mini
fy
14
fy
0.8 f c '
fy
14
bw d bw d
fy
R
Remarks:
k M
Maximum
i
R
Reinforcement
i f
tR
Ratio
ti ((t=0.004)
0 004)
max
fc ' u
fc '
0.003
0.85
0 851
00.85
851
f y u t
f y 0.003 0.004
0.8 f c '
14
(2bw ) d (2bw )d
As ,min
fy
fy
smaller
0 8 fc '
0.8
As ,min
(bE ) d
fy
Analysis:
g
Given: section,, reinforcement,, material strength
Find: moment capacity
Design:
D
i
Given: required moment capacity, material strength
Find: section dimension,
dimension reinforcement
fy
2
M n f y bd (1 0.59
) Rbd 2
fc '
R f y ((1 0.59
fy
fc '
f c ',' f y
max 0.851
a
fc '
u
f y u t ( 0.004)
As f y
0.85 fc'b
M n bd f y (1 0.59
2
4066462kgf
k f cm
40.66tf m
fy
fc '
wL2
Multimate
8
t 0.004
max
0.85
0 851
for 0.9
fc '
u
f y u t ( 0.005)
M n bd f y (1 0.59
2
fy
fc '
Mn bd f y (1 0.59
2
fy
fc '
Design Algorithm 1
p
concrete section
Optimum
1. Mu=Mn= Rbd2
5. Choose steel As= bd (Table A.1); larger bar sizes placement costs
Design Algorithm 2
Select concrete section find
1. Select b and d, find R=Mu/(bd2)
c.
d.
e.
1.5
1.5 (4cm) clear cover to stirrup
Stirrup bar diameter
at least #3 tie for #10 or smaller
att least
l
t #4 titie ffor #11,
#11 #14
#14, #18
and bundled
diameter of corner bar is
assumed
d tto be
b llocated
t d tto
intersect the horizontal tangent to
stirrup bend
For #11 or smaller, c=3/4
(2cm)
For #14 and #18, c=0.5db
Clear spacing db or 1 (2.5cm)
or > 1.33 dmax ()
whichever is greater
Clear spacing 1 (2.5cm)