MEMILIH ALAT ANALISIS

ALAT ANALISIS
Alat analisis yang tepat adalah yang sesuai
dengan tujuan penelitian
Setiap alat analisis memiliki persyaratan dan
keterbatasan tertentu
Alat analisis kuantitatif pada saat ini
mendominasi

PENELITIAN DISKRIPTIF

Banyak menggunakan descriptive statistics. They

provide simple summaries about the object and the
measures.
A single variable/object has three major
characteristics that are typically described as follows:

The distribution
The central tendency
The dispersion
The ratios,etc

DISTRIBUTION

The distribution is a summary of the frequency of

individual values or ranges of values for a variable.
One of the most common ways to describe a single
variable is with a frequency distribution. Frequency
distributions can be depicted in two ways, as a table
or as a graph.
Distributions can also be displayed using percentages
or nominal number

CENTRAL TENDENCY

The central tendency of a distribution is an

estimate of the center of a distribution of
values. There are three major types of
estimates of central tendency:
Mean

(rata-rata)
Median (nilai tengah)
Mode (modus)

DISPERSION
Dispersion refers to the spread of the values
around the central tendency. The two common
measures of dispersion are the range and the
standard deviation.
The standard deviation allows us to reach some
conclusions about specific scores in our
distribution.

N
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Variance
Range

8,0000
20,8750
20,0000
15,0000
7,0799
50,1250
21,0000

15,20,21,20,36,15,25,15

Assuming that the distribution of scores is normal or

bell-shaped (or close to it!), the following conclusions
can be reached:

approximately 69% of the scores in the sample fall within

one standard deviation of the mean
approximately 95% of the scores in the sample fall within
two standard deviations of the mean
approximately 99% of the scores in the sample fall within
three standard deviations of the mean

RATIOS
Perbandingan antara satu (lebih) indikator
dengan indikator lain
Menggambarkan proporsi sesuatu terhadap
sesuatu lainnya untuk menunjukkan sesuatu
indikator baru
Secara teknis sederhana, hasilnya dapat
diperbandingkan antara satu entitas dengan
entitas lainnya

RATIOS
Digunakan untuk mengukur data mikro (ex.
Perusahaan) maupun makro (ex. Negara)
DI konven telah banyak dikenal ratios standar
Untuk ekis masih terbuka luas untuk berkreasi,
mengingat ada perbedaan indikator yag
dikehendaki

PENELITIAN KOMPARATIF
Fokus adalah mencari perbedaan
Perbedaan bisa ditentukan secara kualitatif
diskriptif atau menggunakan statistik
inferensial
Banyak alat uji statistik yang bertujuan untuk
menguji perbedaan nilai antara dua variabel
atau lebih

ALAT UJI BEDA

Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Mann Whitney U test
Chi Square test
Kolmogorov test
Anova

ESENSI UJI BEDA

Kita punya hipotesa:

Ho

: U1 = U2
HA : U1 U2

Pengujian untuk menolak atau tidak menolak

hipotesis
Jika menolak Ho (tidak menolak HA), artinya
ada perbedaan, vice versa

PENELITIAN RELATIONAL
Korelasi seringkali dianggap kurang memadai,
lebih baik kausalitas
Korelasi/kausalitas bivariat atau multivariat
Ada banyak alat uji korelasi, tetapi pada saat
ini metode regresi dipandang lebih
menyeluruh.

ALAT UJI KORELASI

teknik

Var 1

Var 2

ket

Product
moment
Rank diff
(rho)
Kendalls
Tau
Cor. ration

Cont

cont

Rank

rank

N<30

Rank

rank

N<10

Cont

cont

Nonlinear
relation

CORRELATION VS. REGRESSION

Correlation analysis is used to measure

strength of the association (linear
relationship) between two variables
Correlation

is only concerned with strength of

the relationship

No

causal effect is implied with correlation

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Regression analysis is used to:

Predict the value of a dependent variable based on the

value of at least one independent variable

Explain the impact of changes in an independent variable

on the dependent variable

Dependent variable: the variable we wish to predict

or explain
Independent variable: the variable used to explain
the dependent variable

REGRESI

Kelebihan regresi
Melihat

korelasi sekaligus kausalitas

Mengukur besaran korelasi sekaligus
signifikansinya, baik secara parsial maupun
menyeluruh
Karena mengukur kausalitas, maka dapat
digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi

PROSEDUR REGRESI
Rumuskan hubungan antar var dalam fungsi
matematik dan statistik
Mencari nilai parameter var berdasarkan data
Pengujian validitas:

Uji

teori
Uji statistik
Uji ekonometrik