Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Introduction
118
119
Flow-through
r----------l
flow
gas
mixture
--i^
'flow
req'~lator
Closed System
L----
analyser
gas
circulating
pump
r-l
recorder
Figure 1. Diagram of respiration measurement system. The vacuum control (Cartesian diver), stainless steel bellows vacuum
pump and flow regulator (enclosed in dashed lines) were required only when less than atmospheric pressure was desired. The
gas circulating pump was not required in the closed system when the vacuum pump was being used.
1.
Flow
rates
Experimental conditions
and pressures
measurements
during
respiratory
Flow rate
(cm3 s"')
--
Flow-through
101 KPa
25 KPa
Closed system
101 KPa
25 KPa
0.83
0.83
3.3
1.7
120
F-5'-
slow
slow
Oxygen ( k P a )
on the
oxygen
for our
that is
(CI- C2)
CZ)
= [J/D{X)}
121
122
(skin) (5)
10
Rate max = 0-05 cm3 O n k g ' s '
Respiration
rate
Flesh
Skin
(x103) -
0 - 3 rnmol K 3
I
5
Oxygen ( k Pa)
10
15
20
Oxygen ( k P a )
124
[oxygen, k Pa]
-'
Oxygen ( k Pa 1
125
cyanide
0 - 3 mmol m-'
0-5
[Oxygen, k Pa]
Oxygen ( k Pa)
1.0
1.5
2-0
'
Concluding remarks
Basis of the biphasic isotherm
The biphasic nature of the respiratory oxygen
isotherm under steady-state conditions, or conditions of slow depletion of oxygen, is neither
diffusion related nor due to the operation of two
terminal oxidases, but rather is ascribable to
cytochrome oxidase mediated respiration in conjunction with regulation of an early stage in respiratory
metabolism by oxygen at relatively high concentrations (apparent Km of
74 mmol m 3 0J.
Apparent Kmlsof 9 and 13 mmol m 3 for slow and
quick oxygen depletion experiments, respectively,
were calculated for cytochrome oxidase from double
reciprocal plots of actual oxygen isotherms at
atmospheric pressure for preclimacteric avocado
fruit. These apparent Km's are diffusion modified
Km's, greater in value than the true Km's. Diffusion
barriers cause a shift in the apparent Km to higher
126
the
oxygen
response
at
high
10
15
20
Oxygen ( k P a )
the
oxygen
response
at
high
127
References
Atkinson, D.E. (1977) Cellular Energy Metabolism and its
Regulation. Academic Press, New York, San Francisco,
London.
Ben-Yehoshua, S. (1964) Respiration and ripening of discs of the
avocado fruit. Physiologia Plantarum, 17, 71-80.
Ben-Yehoshua, S., Robertson, R.N. & Biale, J.B. (1963)
Respiration and internal atmosphere of avocado fruit. Plant
Physiology. 38, 194-20 1.
Biale, J.B. (1946) Effect of oxygen concentration on respiration of
the Fuerte avocado fruit. American Journal of Botany, 33,
363-373.
Biale, J.B. & Young, R.E. (1971) The avocado pear. In The
Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Volume 2 (ed A.C.
Hulme), pp. 1-63. Academic Press, London.
Blackman, F.F. (1954) Analytic Studies in Plant Respiration.
Cambridge University Press, London, New York.
Burton, W.G. (1974) Some biophysical principles underlying the
controlled atmosphere storage of plant material. Annals of
Applied Biology, 78, 149-168.
Chevillotte, P. (1973) Relation between the reaction cytochrome
oxidase-oxygen and oxygen uptake of cells in vivo. Journal of
Theoretical Biology, 39, 277-295.
Crank, J. (1956) The Mathematics of Diffusion. Oxford University
Press, London, New York.
Forward, D.F. (1965) The respiration of bulky organs. In Plant
Physiology: A Treatise, Volume IVA (ed F.C. Stewart), pp.
31 1-376. Academic Press, New York, London.
Henry, M.F., de Troostembergh, J.C. & Nyns, E.J. (1977)
Biogenesis and properties of the mitochondria1 cyanideinsensitive alternative respiratory pathway in the yeast
Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. In Federation of European
Biochemical Societies, Volume 49 (eds H. Degn, D . Lloyd and
G.C. Hill), pp. 55-65. Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York.
James, W.O. (1953) Plant Respiration. Oxford University Press
(Clarendon), London, New York.
Lloyd, D. & Edwards, S.W. (1977) Terminal oxidases: a summary.
In Federation ofEuropean Biochemical Societies, Volume 49 (eds
H. Degn, D. Lloyd & G.C. Hill), pp. 187-193. Pergamon Press,
Oxford, New York.
Mapson, L.W. & Burton, W.G. (1962) The terminal oxidases of
the potato tuber. Biochemical Journal, 82, 19-25.
Raymond, P. & Pradet, A. (1980) Stabilization of adenine
nucleotide ratios at various values by an oxygen limitation of
respiration in germinating lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds.
Biochemical Journal, 190, 39-44.
Robbie, W.A. (1946) The quantitative control of cyanide in
manometric experimentation. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 27, 18 1-209.
Saglio, P.H., Raymond, P. & Pradet, A. (1983) Oxygen transport
and root respiration of maize seedlings. Plant Physiology, 72,
1035-1039.
Solomos, T. (1977) Cyanide-resistant respiration in higher plants.
Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 28, 279-297.
Solomos, T. & Laties, G.G. (1974) Similarities between the actions
of ethylene and cyanide in initiating the climacteric and ripening
of avocados. Plant Physiology, 54, 506-51 1.
Theologis, A. & Laties, G.G. (1982) Potentiating effect of pure
oxygen on the enhancement of respiration by ethylene in plant
storage organs: a comparative study. Plant Physiology, 69,
1031-1035.
Tucker, M.L. & Laties, G.G. (1984) Interrelationship of polysome
prevalence, gene expression, and respiration during ripening of
ethylene and/or cyanide treated avocado fruit. Plant Physiology,
74, 307-315.