Beams

Rectangle
Analysis
Cracking Moment

Where:
Mcr= Moment
fr=7.5
Ig= Moment of Inertia
Yt=distance from centroid to tensile
fiber
Elastic Stresses Concrete Cracked

T-Beams
Design
Dimensions:
Minimum thickness
from ACI Table 9.5a
Width= thickness
Weight:
w=

Design
Find:
beff=1/4 beam span
8*slab thickness + bw
Clear distance

Check:
beff=1/4 beam span
8*hf + bw
Clear distance
As min
Find:

Assume large of:

Calculate:

N.A

Where:
n=modular ratio
E=modulus of elasticity

(assuming =0.9)
Compare with As min

Transformed Area

Select
Reinforcement:

Where:
b=base
d=distance from center of steel to top
compressive fiber
x=distance from top compressive fiber
to neutral axis
As=Area of Steel
Moment of Inertia

Analysis

If N.A. is in flange:

Trial Steel Area:

New Z

Check:

For Slabs:
Shrink & Temp. Steel

If N.A. is not in flange:

Bending Stresses
Doubly Reinforced Beams
Analysis
Find:

Design

Until As is consistent then compare

with As min

Find:

Ultimate Flexural Moments

Find:

Strength Analysis

If sy:

Check Safety Factor:

If sy:
Solve for c

Then find:

If s0.00207 fs =fy otherwise fs =s Es

If bars are different sizes:

Solve for c

If not strong enough use smaller

compressive steel.

Development Lengths

Where:
cb=Center of tension bar to nearest
concrete surface or center to
center spacing
Ktr=0 (ACIU 12.2.3)

If Bundled Bars:
Imaginary bar centroid is used
Development +20% for 3 bars
+40% for 4 bars
For Hooks:

Shear
Is reinforcement needed:
Calculate Vu at distance d from
support
Calculate:
If

stirrups are needed

Calculate:
Theoretical stirrup spacing-

Where
Maximum spacing for min area

Max Spacing:

Length after turn:

90 degree = 12db
180 degree = 4db
For Compression:

Columns
Axially Loaded:
Find Area of Concrete (Ag):

Assuming Ast=0.02Ag
Then Find Ast with selected Ag
Ties- =0.65
Spacing of ties = lesser of
16*longitudinal bar diameter or
48*tie diameter (#3bar ties for
#10 or smaller long. Bars, #4 for
larger)
Spiral-=0.75
Find Ac (area of core inside the
spiral)

Solve for spacing (s)

Where
Check V at different distances for
spacing changes.
Simple Beam Deflections
Instantaneous dead load-

Footings
WallAssume 12 in h with d=8.5in

Eccentricly Loaded:
Plastic Centroid-

Find Required Depth

Where bw =base width (assumed 1ft for wall

footing)
If d is metWhere a is the column width
Find steel as usual
Find Development Length
Longitudinal Temp & Shrinkage steel

Rectangular footings-

Reduction Factor:
DesignSplices
Compresssion:
for 60kpsi or less
for 60kpsi
Tension:

Find Transformed area &

moment of inertia as on the
front.

Depth Required for 2 way (punch)

If MaMcr Ma=Mcr

,
,
Find g on Interaction diagram

Calculate:
Depth Required for 1 way shear
Otherwise:

Crack Width (Gergely-Lutz)

Where:
h=ratio of distance to NA from
extreme tensile concrete to
extreme tensile steel
fs=0.6fy
dc=Outermost cover to centroid of
bar
A=tension area of concretecentroid of bars to outer layer
divided by the number of bars
Properties

Span Formulas
Inst. Dead + Live:
As with dead only

Simple-

If all depths are ok-

Fixed-

Combined footing:
Find Center of gravity-

Cantilever-

Footing length =2x+distance to property line

Footing Width = x
Create sheer & Moment diagrams solve as
Rectangular footing.

Inst. Live

Long Term

Where:
=Time factor (2 for 5+yrs, 1.4
for 1 yr, 1.2 for 0.5yr, 1 for 3
months)

=compression steel