EECE 301

Signals & Systems

Prof. Mark Fowler
Discussion #4
C-T Convolution Examples

C-T Convolution
Examples

Example 1:

f (t )

y (t )

h(t)
Zero ICs

Given : f (t ) = et u( t ) h(t ) = (t ) + 2e t u (t )
Find : Zero state response : y (t ) = f (t ) h (t )

Solution:

y ( t ) = f ( t ) h ( t ) = f ( t ) ( t ) + 2e t u ( t )

First well use properties of convolution to break this down into sub-problems.
call this h1(t)

By the distributive property we have:

y ( t ) = f ( t ) ( t ) + f ( t ) 2e t u ( t )
Use Property of Convolution
with impulses

Call this convolution y1(t)

y (t ) = f (t ) + y1 (t )

Write as functions of :
f ( )
1

h1 ( )

f ( )

Flipped

L,0 = 0

f (t )
Flipped
& Shifted 1

L ,t = t

Only two cases for product h1 ( ) f (t ) :

h1 ( )

RI: t < 0

f (t )

[e ]2e

y1 (t ) =

= 2e

e 2 d

t 1 2
= 2e e = et [0 1]
2
0

y1 (t ) = et for t < 0
RII: t 0

h1 ( )
f (t )
t

[e ]2e d
= e [e ] = e [0 e ]

y1 (t ) =

2
t

= e t

y1 (t ) = e t for t 0

2 t

Now assemble these results together:

y (t ) = f (t ) + y1 (t )

So:

et + e t = 0, for t < 0
y (t ) =
0 + e t = e t , for t 0
f (t )

y1 (t )

0, for t < 0
y (t ) =
e t , for t 0

Example 2: Given : f (t ) = sin(t )[u (t ) u (t 2 )]

g (t ) = [u (t ) u (t 2 )]

Find :

c(t ) = f (t ) g (t )

First write as and flip one:

g ( )

f ( )

-1

L,0 = 2

R ,0 = 0

g (t )
Shift by t

L,t = t 2

R ,t = t

Now find the Regions of overlap there are Four Regions

f ( )
1

RI :

t0
-1

g (t )
1

L,t = t 2

R ,t = t

f ( )
RII :

t>0
t 2 0 0 < t 2
Note: this region
includes the single t
value at which you
get complete overlap

-1

g (t )
L,t = t 2

R ,t = t

RIII :

t 2 2
2 < t 4

t > 2

f ( )
1

-1

g (t )

L,t = t 2

RIV :

t 2 > 2 t > 4

R ,t = t

f ( )
1

-1

g (t )
L,t = t 2

R ,t = t

RI and RIV Integrals

No Overlap Integrand = 0

c(t) = 0 for t 0
and t > 4

RII Integral
1

-1

t 2

t
Product is non zero only here
integrate 0 to t

1sin( )d = [ cos( )]
t

= [cos(t ) 1]
= 1 cos(t ) for 0 < t 2

RIII Integral

Comment: note that you do not get a sinusoid out, because you
only put part of a sinusoid in!

2
-1

t 2

t
t 2
2 Integrate (t - 2) to 2
2

( t 2 )

1sin( )d = [ cos( )]

t 2

= cos(t ) 1 for 2 < t 4

cosine lowered by 1

= [cos(2 ) cos(t 2 )]

= cos(t) by
periodicity

Now assemble the parts that make up the output:

Neg. cosine raised by 1

0,
1 cos t ,

c(t ) =
cos t 1,
0,

-1
cosine lowered by 1

t0
0 < t 2
2 < t 4
t > 4

Example 3: Given : f1 (t ) = A[u (t 4) u (t 6)]

f 2 (t ) = [u (t + 5) u (t + 4)]

c(t ) = f1 (t ) f 2 (t )

Find :

Write as and flip one:

f1 ( )
A

4 6
B

Shift by t

f 2 ( )

4 5
L,0 = 4
R ,0 = 5

L ,t = t + 4 R ,t = t + 5

RI: t + 5 < 4 t < -1

prod. = 0 c(t) = 0 t < - 1

f1 ( )

4
B

f 2 (t )

L ,t = t + 4 R ,t = t + 5

RII: t + 5 4
t+4<4

-1 t < 0

product:

AB

Area = AB[(t+5)-4] = ABt + AB

4 t+5

c(t ) =

t +5

ABd = ABt + AB

for 1 t < 0

f1 ( )

4
B

f 2 (t )

L ,t = t + 4 R ,t = t + 5

RIII: t + 4 4
t+5<6

c(t ) =

t +5

t +4

Area = AB

AB
0t<1

ABd

c(t ) = AB for 0 t < 1

product:

t+4

t+5

f1 ( )

4
B

f 2 (t )

L ,t = t + 4 R ,t = t + 5

RIV: t + 5 6
t+4<6

AB
1t<2

product:

t+4 6

c(t ) = ABd = 2 AB ABt for 1 t < 2

t +4

Area = AB(6 (t + 4))

= 2AB - ABt

f1 ( )

4
B

RV: t + 4 6 t 2

f 2 (t )

product = 0

c(t) = 0 for t 2

L ,t = t + 4 R ,t = t + 5

Now assemble the pieces:

t < 1
0,
ABt + AB, 1 t < 0

c(t ) = AB,
0 t <1
2 AB ABt , 1 t < 2

0,
t2

c(t)
AB
t
-1

Example 4: Given : f1 (t ) = e t u (t )

f 2 (t ) = u (t + 3) u (t )
Find :
1

f1 ( )

c(t ) = f1 (t ) f 2 (t )

e for 0

f 2 ( )

f 2 (t )

RI: t + 3 < 0 t < -3

prod = 0

t+3

c(t) = 0 t < -3

f1 ( )

e for 0

1 f 2 (t )

t+3

RII: t + 3 0

-3 t < 0

t<0
t +3

[ ]

c(t ) = e d = e

= e ( t + 3) 1 =

product:

1 e

t + 3
0

( t + 3)

e for 0 t + 3

t+3

for 3 t < 0

f1 ( )

e for 0

1 f 2 (t )

t+3

RIII: t 0
t +3

[ ]

c(t ) = e d = e
t

e for 0 t + 3

product:

3 t

= e e e =

(1 e )e
3

t +3
t

= e t e ( t + 3)

for t 0

t+3

t < 3
0,

c(t ) = 1 e ( t +3) , 3 t < 0

(1 e 3 )e t , t 0

c(t )

t
-3