CNC MACHINES (CH7)

PROCCESSING EQUIPMENT
MILLING MACHINES

MCU

INDEXER

FIXTURES - VICE

CHIP CONVEYOR

PART FEEDER

TURNING MACHINE (LATHE)

COORDINATES SYSTEM
MILLING COORDINATE SYSTEM
Flat and prismatic workpiece
a. Cartesian coordinates system (X-Y-Z) right hand rule
b. Rotational axis (a,b,c), right hand rule
a. Orient the workpiece to preset different surface for machining
b. Orientation of tool or workhead at some angle relative to the part.

TURNING COORDINATE SYSTEM

Rotation workpiece

MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM

1. Point to Point
2. Continuous Path Control

POINT TO POINT
Positioning system, move the worktable to a programmed location without
regards for the path taken to get that location.
Once move has been completed, some processing action is accomplished by the
workhead,
Example: Drilling.

CONTINUOUS PATH CONTROL

It is a motion system capable of continuous simultaneous control of two or more
axis.
In this case the tool perform the process while the worktable is moving,

Example
Milling, turning

INTERPOLATION METHOD
Path
1.
2.
3.
4.

Linear interpolation
Circular interpolation
Helical interpolation
Parabolic and cubic interpolation

Linear interpolation
It is the most basic method

Circular interpolation
The method permits programming a circular arc by specifying the following
parameter:

Coordinate of starting point

Coordinate of end point
Center or radius
Direction of path

Helical interpolation
This method combines circular interpolation scheme for two axis with linear
interpolation of a third axis.
Parabolic and cubic interpolation
This method provides approximation of free form curves using higher order
ecuation

It is not common method.

MACHINE CONTROL UNIT

FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL
1. Storage of more than one part program
2. Various form of program input
3. Program editing at the machine tool
4. Fixed cycles and programming subroutines
5. Interpolation
6. Positioning features to setup
7. Cutter length and size compensation
8. Acceleration and deceleration calculation
9. Communication interface
10.Diagnostics

MACHINE CONTROL UNIT SYSTEMS

1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

a. Control section
b. Arithmetic logic unit
c. Immediate access memory
2. MEMORY
a. Main memory
i. ROM: operating system and machine interface program
ii. RAM: numerical control program
b. Secondary memory (hard disk)
i. Part programs
ii. macros
3. I/O INTERFACE
Communication between various components of CNC system
a. Operator panel
b. Tape reader
c. Display
4. CONTROL FOR MACHINE TOOL AXES AND SPINDLE SPEED
c. Position control

d. Spindle speed control

5. SEQUENCE CONTROL
for others machine tool function
e. Coolant
f. Fixtures clamping
g. Tool charger (ATC)