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BASIC OF
COMPUTATION
INDEX
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION TO THE CALCULATION
WHAT IS A PERSONAL COMPUTER?
YOU LEAVE BASIC OF A COMPUTER
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
WHAT IS IT AN APPLICATION OR A PROGRAM?
WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?
HOW DOES IT PULL UP A PC?
CHAPTER II - WINDOWS
WHAT IS WINDOWS?
CHAPTER IV - WORD
WHAT IS WORD?
HOW TO ENTER WORD?
CHAPTER V: EXCEL
WHAT IS EXCEL?
HOW TO ENTER EXCEL?
CPU
MOUSE
KEYBOARD
The secret to manage the mouse correctly is in the following posture: "He/she
will lean on the hand on the table but only in the nearest part to the doll, while
with the thumb for the left side and to annul and little for the right holds it
smoothly for both sides of the mouse; with this we are able to have it subject
but at the same time he/she allows to move it in all address without having the
palm that we have to move leaning. - Like they come, us they are free two
fingers, the index to be able to press the left button of the mouse, and the
means to press the right button"
The keyboard
BLOCK OF
FUNCTIONS
ESPECIAL
BLOCK
ALPHANUMER
IC BLOCK
NUMERIC
BLOCK
The keyboard, basically, allows introducing text. But also to carry out some
more things, he/she has approximately between 99 and 108 keys.
It is divided in 4 blocks
? Block of functions: F1 goes from the key to F12, in three blocks of four: of
F1 to F4, of F5 to F8 and of F9 to F12. They work according to the program that
is open. For example, in many programs when pressing the key F1 you
consents to the help associated to that program.
Alphanumeric block: It is located in the inferior part of the block of functions; it
contains the Arabic numbers from the 1 to the 0 and the organized alphabet as
in a typewriter, besides some special keys.
? Numeric block: It is located to the right of the special block; it contains the
organized Arabic numbers as in a calculator with the purpose of facilitating the
fingering of figures. It also contains the signs of the four basic operations: it
adds +, it subtracts -, multiplication * and division /; it also contains a key of
Intro or Enter.
Special block
1. Keys of movement of the cursor: These four keys (up, below, left, and
right) they allow to move for the document.
2. Special keys: The key Alt Gr is good to introduce the third character of a
key, for example, the @ that there is in the key of the number 2. (In the image
the key Alt of the right is the equivalent one to Alt Gr).
3. Some keyboards have the key Windows that allows the menu beginning,
and the key Application that opens the contextual menu, to open up the same
as the secondary button of the mouse.
4. To combine keys: To carry out some functions it is necessary to pulse
Two or more keys at the same time, for example, it can survive the document
pressing Ctrl + G, that is to say, to press the key Ctrl and, without losing it, to
press the key "g."
It is an electronic machine whose purpose is to carry out the automatic
prosecution of the information.
A computer is composed of elements that constitute the Hardware (physical
components) that allow executing the Software (logical components).
HARDWARE
The hardware that composes most of the PC (English acronym of Personal
Computer, that is to say personal computer) it includes: Monitor, keyboard,
C.P.U. (English acronym of central unit of process) that in turn contains the
microprocessor, the memory, the disk units, the cards video controladoras, of
disks, of sound, etc.
The C.P.U. it is the brain of the computer, it is the place in which one interprets
and it processes the information.
The microprocessor is the one that determines the pattern of the PC, its speed
and capacity of handling of information, besides the cost.
SOFTWARE
He/she calls himself software to the group of programs that you/they are
executed in the computer. Without him the computer would not be more than
an inert mass of electronic machinery. A computer that lacks software cannot
make absolutely anything.
WHAT IS IT AN APPLICATION OR A PROGRAM?
An application is an orderly group of instructions that you/they allow the
resolution of a problem or to develop certain tasks. Different types of
applications that are good to execute different tasks exist. For example WORD,
EXCEL, the systems developed had measured by a programmer for a certain
company, the virus and the antivirus es, the games, the applications of
commercial administration, accountants, financial, of drawing technician, to
compose music, to see and to process video images, scientific programs, etc.
Application and it programs they are synonymous. Before the arrival of
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WINDOWS to the computer market, the term was used "it programs", and
starting from there he/she goes slowly being replaced by the term "application"
4. he/she Waits some seconds so that the system is loaded and Windows is
activated
INTRODUCTION TO
WINDOWS
Once lit the computer, the operating system is activated to use, it is important
to highlight that most of the users have installed in its computer the Operating
system Windows, for it this course is focused to the use of this system, but it is
important to highlight that other Operating systems exist with a similar graphic
environment to Windows, such it is the case of: Linux, Macintosh, among
others.
What is Windows?
It is an Operating system that allows the application of several tasks in
simultaneous (multitasking), where the user can work at the same time with
different applications or windows. It is a graphic interface of easy use, that is to
say, from the graphic point of view they can be identified the options easily to
work, it uses icons to represent files and devices that can be controlled with a
mouse or mouse.
WINDOWS is a system designed to be used with a mouse what reduces to the
minimum the use of the keyboard, facilitating any type of tasks and avoiding
the attributable errors to the form and the syntax in the entrance of the
instructions like it happened previously.
The desk of WINDOWS in general presents the following aspect:
This can vary in function of the version of WINDOWS that has installed, of the
installed applications and of those to those that have been created a shortcut
in the desk.
To the left we see the icon MY PC that allows us to see and to travel each one of
the disk units, disquiet, CD-ROM, existent DVD in their computer
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In the portfolio of MY DOCUMENTS they are all the documents created by the
users.
In MY PLACES OF NET he/she will be able to see all the connected PC's to their
net it tames or manager.
The PAPELERA DE RECICLAJE contains the documents, applications, icons that
have been erased of its computer and that you will be able to recover easily
and during a certain time, in case that has erased them by mistake.
Fund of the Desk:
It is that that covers the generality of the screen, on this all the windows and
squares of dialogues they are placed, portfolios, shortcuts, among others. The
Fund of Desk has several properties, one of her is the possibility to change the
colors of the bottom of the screen, equally some images can be placed (paper
tapestry), another property is the one of placing refreshing of screen, you can
personalize the desk and equally you can configure the resolution of the screen
. To see these elements you can make click with the right button of the mouse
(button of properties) and to select of the square the option properties (this can
practice it in your computer).
Icons of Shortcut:
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It allows eliminating files in a simple and quick way (just by dragging them until
the paper); of equal it forms, if for mistake we eliminate a file, it will be easy to
recover it again. It is required to make double click in the Paper, to look for the
document and to drag it until to the Desk.
All the documents, files or portfolios that fade store in the Paper. It is important
to remember that you can eliminate the documents that are inside the paper,
for you make it click in the icon of the paper, and then it selects with the button
of properties the option
To empty Paper, once carried out this action, fades all that is inside the paper
automatically and you don't have option to recover them.
Taskbar
It contains representative bellboys of portfolios and open applications on the
desk. These bellboys substitute to the icons of the minimized applications. The
Taskbar contains a called button "I Begin", located to the left of this. When one
makes click on this button a menu he/she appears from which you can consent
easy and quickly to the most important options that he/she offers this
environment.
Button of Beginning
He/she allows opening anyone of the options of programs, configuration, search
and maintenance of the environment. When making a click on this, he/she
spreads a menu from which we can make operations like:
Programs:
This option allows us to consent to a new system of sub menus that will contain
the groups and applications that we have installed (Office, Bar of Tools, and
Accessories of Desk, among other) Configuration:
By means of this menu we can go to the options with those that all the aspects
of this version are configured, that is to say, to the main options with those that
we
can
personalize
the
environment.
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To look for:
With this menu we can consent to options that will
allow us with certain conditions to locate files and
portfolios, he/she also makes search in Internet
and you appear in person in their notebook of
addresses, in any place of our computer.
Operations that can be carried out in the
Desk:
In the Desk we can carry out other operations like
they are to create portfolios to organize our work,
to place icons of programs or shortcuts. To Create
a New Portfolio either on the desk or inside another portfolio, he/she is carried
out in the following way:
1. We place the pointer on a place in which there are not icons, a click it is
made on the one right button of the mouse.
2. In the menu that he/she appears we select the new option, and subsequently
Portfolio
.3. To change the name of the portfolio, we will type the new name and we will
press the key Enter
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MY PC:
Among the icons that you/they appear in the desk he/she is " ". It is activated
with double click on him. Then a window appears with the icons of those units
of disk that has the computer, as well as the portfolios of the Panel of Control,
Printers, net of communications. This icon has as purpose to negotiate the files
and directory, for example:
To see the Content of a Device exorable (USB)
Clock.
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not the file to the recycle paper, click is given in If to eliminate it. As restoring a
document. It occurs double click in the icon of the recycle Paper, when leaving
the emergent window the file it is selected that he/she wants to recover giving
right click and he/she moves an emergent square and click is given in
restoring, and the file appears this way in the place again where he/she was
originally.
Calculator.
To use the calculator the following steps they are continued:
WHAT IS PAINT?
The Paint substitutes the Paintbrush of the versions previous of
Windows. He/she adds new drawing tools, he/she allows keeping
in any file type, it allows the long names in the files and he/she
allows choosing if he/she wants that the image that loads or
design it is put as paper tapestry in the desk.
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WHAT IS WORD?
WORD is a program of prosecution of texts that allows
producing documents of professional quality quickly, when
providing the user the following facilities:
WHAT IS EXCEL?
Look for in their desk or in the bar of Quick Beginning the icon that identifies to
this application If it is necessary it maximizes the window and he/she will have
the following screen.
In the central part of the screen he/she is the group of cells that you/they
compose the work leaf. In each cell we can place information and then to relate
the cells to each other to create a calculation outline.
As we can observe, the screen of EXCEL is similar visible previously in WORD,
and that you are already under conditions of recognizing without he/she
explains to him them in detail:
The BAR OF TITLE with the bellboys of MINIMIZING, of MAXIMIZING
and of CLOSING.
The BAR OF MENUS DESCOLGABLES
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creation of USENET, an open system that he/she offers electronic mail service
and news so far for their users.
In 1982 the protocol is adopted TCP/IP like the standard for the interconnection
from the connected nets to ARPANET, in fact, one of the most interesting
challenges was the transition of the communication protocol used by the
ARPANET (NCP) to TCP/IP.
believed the first time that uses the program, you will see later on as creating
as many portfolios as need for a better classification of their messages
Under the previous one there is a window with the contacts that you will go
entering in the
NOTEBOOK OF ADDRESSES.
To the right the list of the messages that you/they correspond to the portfolio
that has been selected to the left leave (in the example TRAY OF ENTRANCE)
The first part (type of the servant) it indicates, with a key word, the servant to
which one goes (FTP, HTTP, GOPHER, etc.). The most common is http or https
and, to the being a standard element for all the addresses WEB, is not
necessary to write it.
The second part is the name of the place. After the first one and second leaves
it inserts: / /
In turn the name of the place or of the page it is formed by two or three
separated parts each one for a point and it is composed of some in these ways:
Names. Country (for example yahoo.fr)
The European countries, among other, don't put distinction of the place type
and they only use the name of the place (yahoo) and the country where it is
housed, in this case France (. fr)
Names. Type (for example yahoo.com)
The places of USA don't take distinction of the country like in the previous
case, only the category of the same one (that don't use the first ones), in this
case it is a commercial place (. com). Other category for the places, besides
the commercial ones, they are educational places (. edu), government places (.
gov), organizations without ends of lucre (. org).
Names. Type. Country (for example yahoo.com.ar)
Yahoo.com.ar is a commercial place (. com) of Argentina (. ar). Argentina,
among other countries uses the explanation of the category of the place so
much, as the acronym of the country. It is worth to clarify that an Argentinean
place can be housed or to have the domain of USA, in which case it won't take.
ar
It is very important to write the addresses correctly, since an error of a letter, a
space, a script, etc will cause an error and the requested page won't open up.
Behind the extension other words separated by the symbol can appear / (it
sweeps inverse diagonal). This means that the address remits to a certain page
inside a place of great size. For example, www.infoclima.com.ar/prono.asp
takes to the page of presage of the time of the place commercial Argentinean
infoclima.
HOW DO I CONSENT TO A PLACE, THEN?
If he/she knows the address of the place Web that wants to visit, simply write it
in the square ADDRESS located in the superior part of the screen and press
[ENTER]
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If he/she has already written before this address, this will appear in a clever
desplegable, next to other, and he will have enough it with making CLICK in
her.?
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