Symbol

Name

Description

Tolerence

Straightness

A straight line of element of a

surface or an axis

Form

Flatness

A region of two dimensional

tolerance at which two parallel
planes must lie
A surface of a revolution such
as cylinder, cone, sphere where
all points of the surface
intersected with any plane
perpendicular to a common
axis of the center.
a surface of revolution in which
all points of the surface are
equidistant from a common
axis.
A region limited by two parallel
extended zone lines along the
length of the feature. (two
dimensional)
A region between two envelope
surfaces separated by the
tolerance zone across the
entire length of a surface.
A region within the axis, centre
or centre plane of a feature of
theoretically exact position
A cylindrical tolerance zone
whose axis coincides with the
datum axis and within lied
cross-sectional axes of the
feature being controlled.
Symmetry is condition in which
a feature are symmetrically
disposed about the centre
plane of a datum feature.

Form

Circularity

Cylindricity

Profile of a line

Profile of a
surface

Position

Concentricity

Symmetry

Form

Form

Profile

Profile

Location

Location

Location

Parallelism

Perpendicularity

Angularity

Circular runout

A surface or axis which is

equidistant at all points from
the reference datum.
A surface , plane , axis or line
which is 90o with respect to a
datum plane or axis
Specified basic angle between
two inclined parallel planes .

Every circular element of the

feature must be within the the
zone of the runout which
control the relationship of one
or more features of a part to a
datum axis during a full 360o
rotation about datum axis.
Total runout
It is a composite tolerance
function as controlling the
relationship of one or more
features of a part to a datum
axis during a full 360o rotation
about datum axis.
The table show the definition of the symbol.

Orientation

Orientation

Orientation

Runout

Runout

A straightness tolerance is defined as each line must lie in zone bounded by

two parallel lines that are separated by the specified tolerance . A
straightness zone for a surface line element is an area between parallel line
consisting of all point on the surface , contained by the cutting plane. Figure
below show haow straightness is used in drawing.

Flatness is a surface having all elements in one plane. A flatness tolerance

specifies that all surface points must line in zone bounded by two parallel

planes which are separated by the specified tolerance. Figure below show
how flatness is used in drawing.

Circularity is defined as a surface of a revolution such as cylinder, cone,

sphere where all points of the surface intersected with any plane
perpendicular to a common axis of the center. Figure below show how
circularity is used in a drawing.

Cylindricity is defined as a surface of revolution in which all points of the

surface are equidistant from a common axis. Figure below show how
cylindricity is used in a drawing.

Profile of a line is defined as a region limited by two parallel extended zone

lines along the length of the feature. (two dimensional). Figure below show
how profile of line is used in drawing.

Profile of surface is defined as a region between two envelope surfaces

separated by the tolerance zone across the entire length of a surface. Figure
below show example of profile of surface.

Position is used to specify the location of a feature (eg:hole) . it is defined as

a region within the axis, centre or centre plane of a feature of theoretically
exact position. A simple part in figure below show how position is used in a
drawing.

Concentricity is defined as a cylindrical tolerance zone whose axis coincides

with the datum axis and within lied cross-sectional axes of the feature being
controlled. Figure below is the example of the application.

Symmetry is defined as a condition in which a feature are symmetrically

disposed about the centre plane of a datum feature. Figure below show the
application.

Parallelism is defined as a surface or axis which is equidistant at all points

from the reference datum. Figure below show the example of application.

Perpendicularity is defined as a surface , plane , axis or line which is 90o with

respect to a datum plane or axis. Figure below show how the symbol is used
in a drawing.

Angularity is defined as a specified basic angle between two inclined parallel

planes . Below is the example of angularity.

Circular runout is defined as every circular element of the feature must be

within the the zone of the runout which control the relationship of one or
more features of a part to a datum axis during a full 360o rotation about
datum axis. Below is th example of circular runout.

Total runout is define as it is a composite tolerance function as controlling the

relationship of one or more features of a part to a datum axis during a full
360o rotation about datum axis. The figure below show the application.

References:

Works Cited
Chapter3 Geometric tolerancing. (n.d.). Retrieved May 10, 2015, from North
Carolina State University: http://www.ise.ncsu.edu
GD&T symbols, definition chart ASME. (n.d.). Retrieved may 9, 2015, from Engineers
edge solution by design: htttp://www.engineersedge.com
General dimensioning and tolerences. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2015, from Coban
engineer: htttp://www.cobanengineering.com