Francis Ford Coppola

Francis Ford Coppola (/kopl/; born April 7, 1939) Italy.[7] Coppola received his middle name in honor of
is an American lm director, producer and screenwriter. Henry Ford, not only because he was born in the Henry
He was part of the New Hollywood wave of lmmaking. Ford Hospital but also because of his musician-fathers
After directing The Rain People in 1969, he won the association with the automobile manufacturer. At the
time of Coppolas birth, his father was a autist as well
Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay as cowriter, with Edmund H. North, of Patton in 1970. His as arranger and assistant orchestra director for The Ford
an hour-long concert music radio
directorial prominence was cemented with the release Sunday Evening Hour,
Ford Motor Company.[8][9][10]
series
sponsored
by
the
in 1972 of The Godfather, a lm which revolutionized
movie-making in the gangster genre,[1] earning praise Two years after Coppolas birth, his father was named
from both critics and the public before winning three principal autist for the NBC Symphony Orchestra and
Academy Awardsincluding his second Oscar (Best the family moved to New York, settling in Woodside,
Adapted Screenplay, with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and Queens, where Coppola spent the remainder of his childhood.
his rst nomination for Best Director.
Contracting polio as a boy, Coppola was bedridden for
large periods of his childhood, allowing him to indulge
his imagination with homemade puppet theater productions. Reading A Streetcar Named Desire at age 15 was
instrumental in developing his interest in theater.[11] Eager to be involved in lm-craft, he created 8mm features edited from home movies with such titles as The
Rich Millionaire and The Lost Wallet.[12] As a child, Coppola was a mediocre student, but he was so interested in
technology and engineering that his friends nicknamed
him Science.[13] Trained initially for a career in music, he became procient on the tuba and won a music scholarship to the New York Military Academy.[12]
Overall, Coppola attended 23 other schools[14] before he
eventually graduated from the Great Neck North High
School.[15] He entered Hofstra College in 1955 with a major in theater arts. There he was awarded a scholarship in
playwriting. This furthered his interest in directing theater despite the disapproval of his father, who wanted
him to study engineering.[16] Coppola was profoundly
impressed after seeing Sergei Eisenstein's October: Ten
Days That Shook the World, especially with the movies
quality of editing. It was at this time Coppola decided
he would go into cinema rather than theater.[16] Coppola
says he was tremendously inuenced to become a writer
early on by his brother, August,[14] in whose footsteps he
would also follow by attending both of his brothers alma
maters: Hofstra and UCLA. Coppola also gives credit
to the work of Elia Kazan and for its inuence on him
as a director.[14] Amongst Coppolas classmates at Hofstra were James Caan, Lainie Kazan and radio artist Joe
Frank.[15][17] He later cast Lainie Kazan in One from the
Heart and Caan in The Rain People and The Godfather.

He followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, which

became the rst sequel to win the Academy Award for
Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought him
three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay,
Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the second
director, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times for
the same lm. The Conversation, which he directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning
the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next
directed 1979s Apocalypse Now. Notorious for its overlong and strenuous production, the lm was nonetheless
critically acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of
the Vietnam War, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1979
Cannes Film Festival. Coppola is one of only eight lmmakers to win two Palme d'Or awards.
While a number of Coppolas ventures in the 1980s
and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite
achieved the same commercial success with lms as in the
1970s.[2][3][4] His most well-known lms released since
the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish
(both 1983), the crime-drama The Cotton Club (1984),
and the horror lm Bram Stokers Dracula (1992).

Early life

Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father

Carmine Coppola,[5] a autist with the Detroit Symphony
Orchestra, and mother Italia (ne Pennino). Coppola is
the second of three children: his older brother was August
Coppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Born
into a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his paternal While pursuing his bachelors degree, Coppola was
grandparents came to the United States from Bernalda, elected president of The Green Wig (the universitys
Basilicata.[6] His maternal grandfather, popular Italian drama group) and the Kaleidoscopians (its musical comcomposer Francesco Pennino, immigrated from Naples,
1

edy club). He then merged the two into The Spectrum Players and under his leadership, they staged a new
production each week. Coppola also founded the cinema workshop at Hofstra and contributed prolically to
the campus literary magazine.[12] He won three D. H.
Lawrence Awards for theatrical production and direction and received a Beckerman Award for his outstanding contributions to the schools theater arts division.[18]
While a graduate student, one of his teachers was Dorothy
Arzner, whose encouragement Coppola later acknowledged as pivotal to his lm career.[11]

2
2.1

Career
1960s

Coppola enrolled in UCLA Film School for graduate

work in lm.[12] There he directed a short horror lm
called The Two Christophers inspired by Edgar Allan
Poe's "William Wilson", and Ayamonn the Terrible, a lm
about a sculptors nightmares coming to life,[13] before
directing the experimental softcore comedy Tonight for
Sure in 1962.[15]
At UCLA, Coppola met Jim Morrison. He later used
Morrisons song "The End" in Apocalypse Now.[19]
The company that hired him for Tonight for Sure brought
him back to re-cut a German lm titled Mit Eva ng die
Snde an directed by Fritz Umgelter. He added some
new 3-D color footage and earned a writers and directors
credit for The Bellboy and the Playgirls, also a box-oce
failure. Coppola was hired as an assistant by Roger Corman and his rst job for Corman was to dub and re-edit a
Russian science ction lm, Nebo zovyot, which he turned
into a sex-and-violence monster movie entitled Battle Beyond the Sun, released in 1962.[15][20] Impressed by Coppolas perseverance and dedication, Corman hired him
as dialogue director on Tower of London (1962), sound
man for The Young Racers (1963) and associate producer
of The Terror (1963).[18]
While on location in Ireland for The Young Racers in
1963, Corman, ever alert for an opportunity to produce a
decent movie on a shoestring budget, persuaded Coppola
to make a low-budget horror movie with funds left over
from the movie.[18] Coppola wrote a brief draft story idea
in one night, incorporating elements from Hitchcocks
Psycho,[21] and the result impressed Corman enough to
give him the go-ahead. On a budget of $40,000 ($20,000
from Corman and $20,000 from another producer who
wanted to buy the movies English rights),[21] Coppola
directed in a period of nine days Dementia 13, his rst
feature from his own screenplay. The lm recouped its
expenses and later became a cult lm among horror bus.
It was on the sets of Dementia 13 that he met his future
wife Eleanor Jessie Neil.
In 1965, Coppola won the annual Samuel Goldwyn

CAREER

Award for the best screenplay (Pilma, Pilma) written

by a UCLA student.[12] This secured him a job as a
scriptwriter with Seven Arts. In between, he co-wrote
the scripts for This Property Is Condemned (1966) and Is
Paris Burning? (1966). However, with fame still eluding him and partly out of desperation, Coppola bought
the rights to the David Benedictus novel You're a Big Boy
Now and fused it with a story idea of his own, resulting
in You're a Big Boy Now (1966). This was his UCLA
thesis project that also received a theatrical release via
Warner Bros.[15] This movie brought him some critical
acclaim and eventually his Master of Fine Arts Degree
from UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in
1967.[18][22]
Following the success of You're a Big Boy Now, Coppola
was oered the reins of the movie version of the Broadway musical Finians Rainbow, starring Petula Clark in
her rst American lm and veteran Fred Astaire. Producer Jack L. Warner was nonplussed by Coppolas
shaggy-haired, bearded, hippie appearance and generally left him to his own devices. He took his cast to the
Napa Valley for much of the outdoor shooting, but these
scenes were in sharp contrast to those obviously lmed
on a Hollywood soundstage, resulting in a disjointed look
to the lm. Dealing with outdated material at a time
when the popularity of lm musicals was already on the
downslide, Coppolas result was only semi-successful, but
his work with Clark no doubt contributed to her Golden
Globe Best Actress nomination. The lm introduced to
him George Lucas, who became his lifelong friend as well
as production assistant in his next lm The Rain People in
1969. It was written, directed and initially produced by
Coppola himself, though as the movie advanced, he exceeded his budget and the studio had to underwrite the remainder of the movie.[15] The lm won the Golden Shell
at the 1969 San Sebastian Film Festival.
In 1969, Coppola took it upon himself to subvert the
studio system which he felt had stied his visions, intending to produce mainstream pictures to nance obeat projects and give rst-time directors their chance
to direct. He decided he would name his future studio
Zoetrope after receiving a gift of zoetropes from Mogens Scot-Hansen, founder of a studio called Lanterna
Film and owner of a famous collection of early motion
picture-making equipment. While touring Europe, Coppola was introduced to alternative lmmaking equipment
and inspired by the bohemian spirit of Lanterna Film, he
decided he would build a deviant studio that would conceive and implement creative, unconventional approaches
to lmmaking. Upon his return home, Coppola and
George Lucas searched for a mansion in Marin County
to house the studio. However, in 1969, with equipment
owing in and no mansion found yet, the rst home for
Zoetrope Studio became a warehouse in San Francisco on
Folsom Street.[23] The studio went on to become an early
adopter of digital lmmaking, including some of the earliest uses of HDTV. In his book The American Cinema,

2.2

1970s

Andrew Sarris wrote, "[Coppola] is probably the rst rea- become an iconic scene and has spawned parodies in nusonably talented and sensibly adaptable directorial talent merous lms, political cartoons and television shows.
to emerge from a university curriculum in lm-making...
[He] may be heard from more decisively in the future.[24]
2.2.2 The Godfather (1972)

2.2

1970s

Coppola epitomized a group of lmmakers known as

the "New Hollywood" that emerged in the early 1970s
with ideas that challenged conventional lm-making. The
group included Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Brian
De Palma, Terrence Malick, Robert Altman, Woody
Allen, William Friedkin, Philip Kaufman and George
Lucas.[15][25]
2.2.1

Patton (1970)

Main article: Patton (lm)

Coppola co-wrote the script for Patton in 1970 along with
Edmund H. North. This earned him his rst Academy
Award for Best Original Screenplay. However, it was not
easy for Coppola to convince Franklin J. Schaner that
the opening scene would work. Coppola later revealed in
an interview:[26]
I wrote the script of Patton. And the
script was very controversial when I wrote it,
because they thought it was so stylized. It was
supposed to be like, sort of, you know, The
Longest Day. And my script of Patton wasI
was sort of interested in the reincarnation.
And I had this very bizarre opening where he
stands up in front of an American ag and
gives this speech. Ultimately, I wasn't red,
but I was red, meaning that when the script
was done, they said, Okay, thank you very
much, and they went and hired another writer
and that script was forgotten. And I remember
very vividly this long, kind of being raked over
the coals for this opening scene.

When the title role was oered to George C. Scott, he remembered having read Coppolas screenplay earlier. He
stated atly that he would accept the part only if they used
Coppolas script. 'Scott is the one who resurrected my
version,' says Coppola.[27]
The movie opens with Scotts rendering of Pattons famous military Pep Talk to members of the Third Army,
set against a huge American ag. Coppola and North
had to tone down Pattons actual language to avoid an
R rating; in the opening monologue, the word fornicating replaced fucking when criticizing the The Saturday
Evening Post. Over the years, this opening monologue has

Main article: The Godfather

The release of The Godfather in 1972 was a milestone
in cinema. The near 3-hour-long epic, which chronicled
the saga of the Corleone family, received overwhelmingly
positive reviews from critics and fetched Coppola the
Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, which he
shared with Mario Puzo and two Golden Globe Awards:
for Best Director and Best Screenplay. However, Coppola had to face a lot of diculties while lming The
Godfather. He was not Paramounts rst choice to direct
the movie; Italian director Sergio Leone was initially offered the job, but declined in order to direct his own gangster opus, Once Upon a Time in America.[28] Peter Bogdanovich was then approached but he also declined the
oer and made Whats Up, Doc? instead; Bogdanovich
has often said that he would have cast Edward G. Robinson in the lead had he accepted the lm. According to
Robert Evans, head of Paramount Pictures at the time,
Coppola also did not initially want to direct the lm because he feared it would glorify the Maa and violence
and thus reect poorly on his Sicilian and Italian heritage; on the other hand, Evans specically wanted an
Italian-American to direct the lm because his research
had shown that previous lms about the Maa that were
directed by non-Italians had fared dismally at the box
oce and he wanted to, in his own words, smell the
spaghetti. When Coppola hit upon the idea of making it
a metaphor for American capitalism, however, he eagerly
agreed to take the helm.[29]
There was disagreement between Paramount and Coppola on the issue of casting; Coppola stuck to his plan
of casting Marlon Brando as Vito Corleone, though
Paramount wanted either Ernest Borgnine or Danny
Thomas. At one point, Coppola was told by the thenpresident of Paramount that Marlon Brando will never
appear in this motion picture. After pleading with the
executives, Coppola was allowed to cast Brando only if he
appeared in the lm for much less salary than his previous
lms, perform a screen-test and put up a bond saying that
he would not cause a delay in the production (as he had
done on previous lm sets).[30] Coppola chose Brando
over Ernest Borgnine on the basis of Brandos screen test,
which also won over the Paramount leadership. Brando
later won an Academy Award for his portrayal, which he
refused to accept. Coppola would later recollect:[21]
The Godfather was a very unappreciated
movie when we were making it. They were
very unhappy with it. They didn't like the cast.
They didn't like the way I was shooting it. I
was always on the verge of getting red. So it

2
was an extremely nightmarish experience. I
had two little kids, and the third one was born
during that. We lived in a little apartment, and
I was basically frightened that they didn't like
it. They had as much as said that, so when it
was all over I wasn't at all condent that it was
going to be successful, and that I'd ever get
another job.

After it was released, the lm received widespread praise.

It went on to win multiple awards, including Academy
Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola. The
lm routinely features at the top in various polls for the
greatest movies ever. It has been selected for preservation
in the United States National Film Registry. In addition,
it was ranked third, behind Citizen Kane, and Casablanca
on the initial AFIs 100 Years100 Movies list by the
American Film Institute. It was moved up to second when
the list was published again, in 2008.[31] Director Stanley
Kubrick believed that The Godfather was possibly the
greatest movie ever made and had without question the
best cast.[32]

2.2.3

The Conversation (1974)

Main article: The Conversation

Coppolas next lm, The Conversation, further cemented
his position as one of the most talented auteurs of
Hollywood.[33] The movie was partly inuenced by
Michelangelo Antonioni's Blowup (1966)[34] and generated a lot of speculation and interest when news leaked
that the lm utilized the very same surveillance and wiretapping equipment that members of the Nixon administration used to spy on political opponents prior to the
Watergate scandal. Coppola insisted that this was purely
coincidental. The script for The Conversation, was completed in the mid-1960s (before the election of Richard
Nixon); the spying equipment used in the lm was developed through research and use of technical advisers and
not by revelatory newspaper stories about the Watergate
break-in. However, the audience interpreted the lm to
be a reaction to both the Watergate scandal and its fallout. The movie was a critical success and Coppola won
his rst Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.

2.2.4

2.2.5

CAREER

The Godfather Part II (1974)

Main article: The Godfather Part II

Coppola shot The Godfather Part II parallel to The Conversation and it was the last major American motion picture to be lmed in Technicolor. George Lucas commented on the lm after its ve-hour-long preview, telling
Coppola: You have two lms. Take one away, it doesn't
work, referring to the movies portrayal of two parallel
storylines; one of a young Vito Corleone and the other
of his son Michael. In the directors commentary on
the DVD edition of the lm (released in 2002), Coppola states that this lm was the rst major motion picture to use Part II in its title. Paramount was initially
opposed to his decision to name the movie The Godfather Part II. According to Coppola, the studios objection
stemmed from the belief that audiences would be reluctant to see a lm with such a title, as the audience would
supposedly believe that, having already seen The Godfather, there was little reason to see an addition to the
original story. However, the success of The Godfather
Part II began the Hollywood tradition of numbered sequels. The movie was released in 1974 and went on to
receive tremendous critical acclaim, with many deeming
it superior to its predecessor.[36] It was nominated for 11
Academy Awards and received 6 Oscars, including 3 for
Coppola: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best
Director.
The Godfather Part II is ranked as the #1 greatest movie
of all time in TV Guides 50 Best Movies of All
Time[37] and is ranked at #7 on Entertainment Weeklys
list of the 100 Greatest Movies of All Time.[38] The
lm is also featured on movie critic Leonard Maltin's list
of the 100 Must-See Films of the 20th Century,[39] as
well as Roger Eberts Great Movies list.[40] It was also
featured on Sight & Sound's list of the ten greatest lms
of all time in 2002, ranking at #4.[41]
Coppola was the third director to have two nominations
for Best Picture in the same year. Victor Fleming was the
rst in 1939 with Gone With the Wind and The Wizard
of Oz; Alfred Hitchcock repeated the feat the next year
with Foreign Correspondent and Rebecca. Since Coppola,
two other directors have done the same: Herbert Ross
in 1977 with The Goodbye Girl and The Turning Point,
and Steven Soderbergh in 2000 with Erin Brockovich and
Trac. Coppola, however, is the only one to have produced the pictures.

The Great Gatsby (1974)

2.2.6

Apocalypse Now (1979)

Main article: The Great Gatsby (1974 lm)

Main article: Apocalypse Now
During the lming of The Conversation, Coppola wrote
the screenplay for The Great Gatsby. However, in the Following the success of The Godfather, The Conversacommentary track to the DVD of The Godfather Coppola tion and The Godfather Part II, Coppola began lming
states, I don't think that script was [actually] made.[35] Apocalypse Now, an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's Heart

2.3

1980s

of Darkness set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War

(Coppola himself briey appears as a TV news director). The production of the lm was plagued by numerous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns,
the ring of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack,
extras from the Philippine military and half of the supplied helicopters leaving in the middle of scenes to go
ght rebels and an unprepared Brando with a bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it was
nicknamed Apocalypse When?[42] The 1991 documentary
lm Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmakers Apocalypse, directed by Eleanor Coppola (Franciss wife), Fax Bahr
and George Hickenlooper, chronicles the diculties the
crew went through making Apocalypse Now and features
behind-the-scenes footage lmed by Eleanor. After lming Apocalypse Now, Coppola famously stated:[43] We
were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too much money, too much equipment and little
by little, we went insane.
The lm was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when it
nally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979
Cannes Film Festival, winning the Palme d'Or along with
The Tin Drum, directed by Volker Schlndor. When
the lm screened at Cannes, he quipped:[42] My lm
is not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam. Apocalypse Now's
reputation has grown in time and it is now regarded by
many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era and
is frequently cited as one of the greatest movies ever
made.[15][44][45][46] Roger Ebert considers it to be the
nest lm on the Vietnam war and included it on his list
for the 2002 Sight & Sound poll for the greatest movie of
all time.[47][48]

5
pola himself was forced into US bankruptcy court three
times over the next eight years.

2.3.2

Hammett (1982)

Main article: Hammett (lm)

Following the disastrous One from the Heart, Coppola
co-directed Hammett along with Wim Wenders in the
same year. Although Coppola was not credited for his
eort, according to one source, by the time the nal version was released in 1982, only 30 percent of Wenders
footage remained and the rest was completely reshot by
Coppola, whose mere 'executive producer' credit is just a
technicality.[50]

2.3.3

The Outsiders (1983)

Main article: The Outsiders (lm)

In 1983, he directed The Outsiders, a lm adaptation of

the novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton. Coppola
credited his inspiration for making the lm to a suggestion from middle school students who had read the novel.
The Outsiders is notable for being the breakout lm for
a number of young actors who would go on to become
major stars. These included major roles for Matt Dillon,
Ralph Macchio and C. Thomas Howell. Also in the cast
were Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, Diane
Lane and Tom Cruise. Matt Dillon and several others also
In 2001, Coppola re-released Apocalypse Now as starred in Coppolas related lm, Rumble Fish, which was
Apocalypse Now Redux, restoring several sequences lost also based on a S. E. Hinton novel and lmed at the same
from the original 1979 cut of the lm, thereby expanding time as The Outsiders on-location in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Carmine Coppola wrote and edited the musical score, inits length to 200 minutes.
cluding the title song Stay Gold, which was based upon
a famous Robert Frost poem and performed for the movie
by Stevie Wonder. The lm was a moderate box-oce
2.3 1980s
success, drawing a revenue of $25 million[51] against a
budget of $10 million.[52]
2.3.1 One from the Heart (1982)
Main article: One from the Heart
2.3.4
Apocalypse Now marked the end of the golden phase of
Coppolas career.[15] His musical fantasy One from the
Heart, although pioneering the use of video-editing techniques which are standard practice in the lm industry today, ended with a disastrous box-oce gross of $636,796
against a US$26 million budget,[49] far from enough to
recoup the costs incurred in the production of the movie
and he was forced to sell his 23-acre Zoetrope Studio in
1983.[18] He would spend the rest of the decade working to pay o his debts. (Zoetrope Studios nally led
for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1990, after which its name
was changed to American Zoetrope).[15] In addition Cop-

Rumble Fish (1983)

Main article: Rumble Fish

Rumble Fish was based on the novel of the same name by
S. E. Hinton, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Shot in
black-and-white as an homage to German expressionist
lms, Rumble Fish centres on the relationship between
a revered former gang leader (Mickey Rourke) and his
younger brother, Rusty James (Matt Dillon). The lm
bombed at the box oce, earning a meagre $2.5 million
against a budget of $10 million[53] and once again aggravated Coppolas nancial troubles.

6
2.3.5

2
The Cotton Club (1984)

CAREER

success and performed poorly at the box oce, earning

only $5.6 million against a budget of $13 million.[57]

Main article: The Cotton Club (lm)

In 1984 Coppola directed the Robert Evans-produced
The Cotton Club. The lm was nominated for several
awards, including Golden Globes for Best Director and
Best Picture (Drama) and the Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Art-Direction. However, the lm failed miserably at the box-oce, recouping only $25.9 million of
the $47.9 million privately invested by brothers Fred and
Ed Doumani.[33]

2.3.10 Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988)

Main article: Tucker: The Man and His Dream

Coppola directed Tucker: The Man and His Dream the

following year. A biopic based on the life of Preston
Tucker and his attempt to produce and market the Tucker
'48, Coppola had originally conceived the project as a musical with Marlon Brando after the release of The Godfather Part II. Ultimately it was Je Bridges who played the
role of Preston Tucker. Budgeted at $24 million, the lm
2.3.6 Rip Van Winkle (1984)
received positive reviews and earned three nominations at
the 62nd Academy Awards, although its $19.65 million
Main article: Rip Van Winkle
box oce was a disappointment. Two awards came its
way: Martin Landau won the Golden Globe for Best SupThe same year he directed an episode of Faerie Tale Theporting Actor and Dean Tavoularis took BAFTAs honors
atre entitled Rip Van Winkle, where Harry Dean Stanton
for Best Production Design.
[54]
played the lead role.
2.3.7

Captain EO (1986)

Main article: Captain EO

2.3.11 New York Stories (1989)

Main article: New York Stories

In 1989 Coppola teamed up with fellow Oscar-winning

In 1986, along with producer George Lucas, he was able
directors Martin Scorsese and Woody Allen for an
to indulge himself by making Captain EO, a 17-minute
anthology lm called New York Stories. Coppola directed
space fantasy for Disney theme parks starring pop musithe Life Without Zo segment, starring his sister Talia
cian Michael Jackson.
Shire and also co-wrote the lm with his daughter Soa
Coppola. Life Without Zo was mostly panned by critics
and was generally considered the segment that brought
2.3.8 Peggy Sue Got Married (1986)
the lms overall quality down.[58][59] Hal Hinson of The
Washington Post wrote a particularly scathing review,
Main article: Peggy Sue Got Married
stating that Its impossible to know what Francis Coppolas Life Without Zo is. Co-written with his daughter
In 1986 Coppola released the comedy Peggy Sue Got Mar- Soa, the lm is a mystifying embarrassment; its by far
ried starring Kathleen Turner, Coppolas nephew Nicolas the directors worst work yet.[60]
Cage and Jim Carrey. Much like The Outsiders and
Rumble Fish, Peggy Sue Got Married centered around
teenage youth. The lm earned Coppola positive feed- 2.4 1990s
back and provided Kathleen Turner her rst and only Oscar nomination. It was the rst box-oce success for 2.4.1 The Godfather Part III (1990)
Coppola since Apocalypse Now[55] and the lm ranked
number 17 on Entertainment Weekly 's list of 50 Best Main article: The Godfather Part III
High School Movies.[56]
In 1990, he released the third and nal chapter of The
2.3.9

Gardens of Stone (1987)

Main article: Gardens of Stone

The following year, Coppola re-teamed with James Caan
for Gardens of Stone, but the lm was overshadowed by
the death of Coppolas eldest son Gian-Carlo Coppola
during the lms production. The movie was not a critical

Godfather series: The Godfather Part III. While not as

critically acclaimed as the rst two lms,[61][62][63] it was
still a box oce success, earning a revenue of $136 million against a budget of $54 million.[64] Some reviewers
criticized the casting of Coppolas daughter Soa, who
had stepped into the leading role of Mary Corleone which
had been abandoned by Winona Ryder just as lming
began.[61] Despite this, The Godfather Part III went on
to gather 7 Academy Award nominations, including Best
Director and Best Picture. The lm failed to win any of

2.4

1990s

7
times the normal rate, so at the age of ten he looks like
a 40-year-old man. With Diane Lane, Brian Kerwin
and Bill Cosby, Jack also featured Jennifer Lopez, Fran
Drescher and Michael McKean in supporting roles. Although a moderate box-oce success, grossing $58 million domestically on an estimated $45 million budget, it
was panned by critics, many of whom disliked the lms
abrupt contrast between actual comedy and tragic melodrama. It was also unfavourably compared with the 1988
lm Big, in which Tom Hanks also played a child in a
grown mans body. Most critics felt that the screenplay
was poorly written, not funny and the dramatic material
was unconvincing and unbelievable. Other critics felt that
Coppola was too talented to be making this type of lm.
Although ridiculed for making the lm, Coppola has defended it, saying he is not ashamed of the nal cut of
the movie. He had been friends with Robin Williams
for many years and had always wanted to work with him
as an actor. When Williams was oered the screenplay
for Jack he said he would only agree to do it if Coppola
agreed to sign on as director.
2.4.4

The Rainmaker (1997)

Main article: The Rainmaker (1997 lm)

Francis Ford Coppola at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival

these awards, the only lm in the trilogy to do so.

2.4.2

Bram Stokers Dracula (1992)

Main article: Bram Stokers Dracula

In 1992, Coppola directed and produced Bram Stokers
Dracula. Adapted from Bram Stoker's novel, it was intended to be more faithful to the book than previous
lm adaptations.[65] Coppola cast Gary Oldman in the
lms title role, with Keanu Reeves, Winona Ryder and
Anthony Hopkins in supporting roles. The movie became
a box-oce hit, grossing $82,522,790 domestically,
making it the 15th highest-grossing lm of the year.[66]
It fared even better overseas grossing $133,339,902 for a
total worldwide gross of $215,862,692 against a budget
of $40 million,[67] making it the 9th highest grossing lm
of the year worldwide.[68] The lm won Academy Awards
for Costume Design, Makeup and Sound Editing.
2.4.3

Jack (1996)

The last lm Coppola directed in the 90s, The Rainmaker, was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by
John Grisham. An ensemble courtroom drama, the lm
was well received by critics, earning an 88% rating on
Rotten Tomatoes.[69] Roger Ebert gave The Rainmaker
three stars out of four, remarking: I have enjoyed several of the movies based on Grisham novels... but I've
usually seen the storytellers craft rather than the novelists art being reected. By keeping all of the little people
in focus, Coppola shows the variety of a young lawyers
life, where every client is necessary and most of them
need a lot more than a lawyer.[70] James Berardinelli
also gave the lm three stars out of four, saying that the
intelligence and subtlety of The Rainmaker took me by
surprise and that the lm stands above any other lmed
Grisham adaptation.[71] Grisham said of the lm, To
me its the best adaptation of any of [my books]... I love
the movie. Its so well done.[72] The lm grossed about
$45 million domestically.[73] This would be more than the
estimated production budget of $40 million, but a disappointment compared with previous lms adapted from a
Grisham novel.
2.4.5

Pinocchio dispute with Warner Bros.

In the late 1980s, Coppola started considering concepts

for a motion picture based upon the 19th century novel
The Adventures of Pinocchio and in 1991, Coppola and
Coppolas next project was Jack, which was released on Warner Bros. began discussing the project as well as two
August 9, 1996. It starred Robin Williams as Jack Pow- others: involving the life of J. Edgar Hoover and the chilell, a ten-year-old boy whose cells are growing at four drens novel The Secret Garden. These discussions led
Main article: Jack (1996 lm)

CAREER

to negotiations for Coppola to both produce and direct

the Pinocchio project for Warners, as well as The Secret Garden (which was made in 1993 and produced by
American Zoetrope, but directed by Agnieszka Holland)
and Hoover, which never came to fruition. (A lm was
eventually to be made by Clint Eastwood in 2011 as J.
Edgar, which was distributed by Warners.)
But, in mid-1991, Coppola and Warners came to disagreement over the compensation to be paid to Coppola
for his directing services on Pinocchio.[74] The parties
deferred this issue and nally a settlement was reached
in 1998, when the jurors in the resultant court case
awarded Coppola $20 million as compensation for losing
the Pinocchio lm project. However, they also awarded
him a further $60 million in punitive damages on top,
stemming from his charges that Warner Bros. sabotaged
his intended version. This is the largest civil nancial verdict ever against a Hollywood studio.
2.4.6

Contact dispute with Carl Sagan/Warner

Bros.

Main article: Contact

During the lming of Contact on December 28, 1996,
Coppola led a lawsuit against Carl Sagan and Warner
Bros. Sagan had died a week earlier[75][76] and Coppola
claimed that Sagans novel Contact was based on a story
the pair had developed for a television special back in
1975, titled First Contact.[75] Under their development
agreement, Coppola and Sagan were to split proceeds
from the project with American Zoetrope and Childrens
Television Workshop Productions, as well as any novel
Sagan would write. The TV program was never produced,
but in 1985, Simon & Schuster published Sagans Contact and Warner Bros. moved forward with development
of a lm adaptation. Coppola sought at least $250,000 in
compensatory damages and an injunction against production or distribution of the lm.[75] Even though Sagan was
shown to have violated some of the terms of the agreement, the case was dismissed in February 1998 because
Coppola had waited too long to le suit.[77]

2.5
2.5.1

2000s
Youth Without Youth (2007)

Main article: Youth Without Youth (lm)

After a 10-year hiatus, Coppola returned to lm direction
with Youth Without Youth in 2007, based on the novella
of the same name by Romanian author Mircea Eliade.
The lm was poorly reviewed, currently holding a 30%
'rotten' rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[78] It was made for
about $19 million and was given a limited release, only
managing $2,624,759 at the box-oce.[79] As a result,

Francis Ford Coppola at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.

Coppola announced his plans to produce his own lms

in order to avoid the marketing input that goes into most
lms and so trying to make them appeal to too wide an
audience.

2.5.2

Tetro (2009)

Main article: Tetro

In 2009, Coppola released Tetro. It was set in Argentina, with the reunion of two brothers. The story follows the rivalries born out of creative dierences passed
down through generations of an artistic Italian immigrant family.[80] The lm received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the lm has an average metascore of 63% based on 19 reviews.[81] Rotten
Tomatoes reported that 68% of critics gave positive reviews based on 71 reviews with an average score of
5.6/10.[82] Overall, the Rotten Tomatoes consensus was:
A complex meditation on family dynamics, Tetro's arresting visuals and emotional core compensate for its uneven narrative.[82] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times
gave the lm 3 stars, praising the lm for being boldly
operatic, involving family drama, secrets, generations at
war, melodrama, romance and violence. Ebert also
praised Vincent Gallo's performance and claimed that
Alden Ehrenreich is the new Leonardo DiCaprio".[83]
Todd McCarthy of Variety gave the lm a B+ judging that
when Coppola nds creative nirvana, he frequently has
trouble delivering the full goods.[84] Richard Corliss of
TIME gave the lm a mixed review, praising Ehrenreichs

3.4

Uptown Theater

performance, but claiming Coppola has made a movie

in which plenty happens, but nothing rings true.[85] It
has made $2,636,774 worldwide,[86] against a budget of
$5,000,000.[87]

9
with the help of his father, wife and children stomping
the grapes barefoot and every year the family has a harvest party to continue the tradition.[92]

After purchasing the property, he produced wine under the Niebaum-Coppola label. When he purchased
the former Inglenook Winery chateau in 1995,[93] he re2.6 2010s
named the winery Rubicon Estate Winery in 2006. On
11 April 2011, Coppola acquired the iconic Inglenook
2.6.1 Twixt (2011)
trademark[94] paying more, he said, for the trademark
than he did for the entire estate[95] and announced that
Main article: Twixt (lm)
the estate would once again be known by its historic original name, Inglenook. Its grapes are now entirely organTwixt, starring Val Kilmer, Elle Fanning, Joanne Whal- ically grown and its Inglenook Chablis is one of the ve
ley and Bruce Dern and narrated by Tom Waits, was re- most-widely-selling wines in US restaurants.[96]
leased to lm festivals in late 2011[88] and was released
theatrically in early 2012. It received critical acclaim in
France,[89] but mostly negative reviews elsewhere.[90]
3.4 Uptown Theater

3
3.1

Commercial ventures
American Zoetrope

In 1971, Coppola and George Lucas co-produced the

latters rst lm, THX 1138. Shortly after completion of production they brought the nished lm to
Warner Bros., along with several other scripts for potential projects at their newly founded company, American
Zoetrope. However, studio executives strongly disliked
all the scripts, including THX and demanded that Coppola
repay the $300,000 they had loaned him for the Zoetrope
studio, as well as insisting on cutting ve minutes from the
lm. The debt nearly closed Zoetrope and forced Coppola to reluctantly focus on The Godfather.[2]

3.2

Zoetrope Virtual Studio

George Altamura, a real estate developer announced in

2003 that he had partnered with several people including
Francis Ford Coppola in a project to restore the Uptown
Theater in downtown Napa, California in order to create
a live entertainment venue.[97]

3.5 Francis Ford Coppola Presents

Coppola is also the owner of Francis Ford Coppola
Presents, a lifestyle brand under which he markets goods
from companies he owns or controls. It includes lms and
videos, resorts, cafes, a literary magazine, a line of pastas
and pasta sauces called Mammarella Foods and a winery.
3.5.1 Winery
The Francis Ford Coppola Winery near Geyserville,
California,[98] located on the former Chateau Souverain
Winery,[99] where he has opened a family-friendly facility, is inuenced by the idea of the Tivoli Gardens in
Copenhagen,[100] with swimming pools, bocce courts and
a restaurant. The winery displays several of Coppolas
Oscars along with memorabilia from his movies, including Vito Corleone's desk from The Godfather and a restored 1948 Tucker Sedan as used in Tucker: The Man
and His Dream.

His company American Zoetrope also administers the innovative Zoetrope Virtual Studio, a complete motion picture production studio for members only. Launched in
June 2000, the culmination of more than four years work,
it brings together departments for screenwriters, directors, producers and other lmmaker artists, plus new departments for other creative endeavours, oering powerful e-collaborative tools. Filmmaker members can workshop a wide range of lm arts, including music, graphics,
3.5.2 Resorts
design and lm and video.

3.3

Inglenook Winery

Coppola, with his family, expanded his business ventures to include winemaking in Californias Napa Valley,
when in 1975 he purchased the former home and adjoining vineyard of Gustave Niebaum in Rutherford, California using proceeds from the rst movie in the Godfather
trilogy.[91] His winery produced its rst vintage in 1977

Included in the Francis Ford Coppola Presents lifestyle

brand are several hotels and resorts around the world. The
Blancaneaux Lodge in Belize, which from the early 1980s
was a family retreat until it was opened to the public in
1993 as a 20-room luxury resort[101] and The Turtle Inn,
in Placencia, Belize,[102] (both of which have won several
prestigious awards including Travel + Leisures Worlds
Best: Best Resort in Central & South America); La Lancha in Lago Petn Itz, Guatemala;[103] Jardin Escondido

10

5 HONORS

4 Other ventures
Coppola stated that The Godfather Part IV was never
made as Mario Puzo died before they had a chance to
write the lm.[109] Andy Garcia has since claimed the
lms script was nearly produced.[109]
He was the jury president at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival and he also took part as a special guest at the 46th
International Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece.
Over the years, Francis Coppola has given political contributions to several candidates of the Democratic Party,
including Mike Thompson and Nancy Pelosi for the U.S.
House of Representatives and Barbara Boxer and Alan
Cranston for the U.S. Senate.[110]
For quite some time, he had been planning to direct an
epic movie named Megalopolis, a story about the aftermath and reconstruction of New York City after a megadisaster, but after the city was hit by the real life disaster
and Palazzo Margherita of September 11, the project was suddenly seen as being too sensitive.[111] In 2007 he stated that I have abandoned that as of now. I plan to begin a process of making
one personal movie after another and if something leads
me back to look at that, which I'm sure it might, I'll see
what makes sense to me.[112]

Palazzo Margherita in Bernalda, owned by Coppola

in Buenos Aires, Argentina[104]

in Bernalda, Italy.[105]

3.5.3

Cafe and restaurant

In San Francisco, Coppola owns a restaurant named Cafe

Zoetrope, located in the Sentinel Building where American Zoetrope is based.[106] It serves traditional Italian
cuisine and wine from his personal estate vineyard and
bottling company. For 14 years from 1994, Coppola
co-owned the Rubicon restaurant in San Francisco along
with Robin Williams and Robert De Niro. Rubicon
closed in August 2008.[107]

3.5.4

Literary publications

He brought out the San Francisco-based City Magazine in

the 1970s, but lost $1.5 million on this venture.[108]
In 1997, Coppola founded Zoetrope: All-Story, a literary
magazine devoted to short stories and design. The magazine publishes ction by emerging writers alongside more
recognizable names, such as Woody Allen, Margaret Atwood, Haruki Murakami, Alice Munro, Don DeLillo,
Mary Gaitskill, and Edward Albee; as well as essays, including ones from Mario Vargas Llosa, David Mamet,
Steven Spielberg, and Salman Rushdie. Each issue is
designed, in its entirety, by a prominent artist, one usually working outside his / her expected eld. Previous guest designers include Gus Van Sant, Tom Waits,
Laurie Anderson, Marjane Satrapi, Guillermo del Toro,
David Bowie, David Byrne, and Dennis Hopper. Coppola
serves as founding editor and publisher of All-Story.

5 Honors
In the 2002 poll of the Sight and Sound publication,
Coppola ranked #4 in the Directors top ten directors of all time[113] and #10 in the Critics top ten
directors of all time.[114]
He featured at #17 in MovieMaker Magazine's 25
most inuential directors of all-time.[115]
He also ranked #9 in toptenreviews list of top directors of all time[116] and at #21 in Entertainment
Weekly's top 50 directors of all time.[117]
Four of Coppolas lms, The Godfather; The Godfather Part II; Apocalypse Now and Patton featured
in the Writers Guild of America, West list of 101
greatest screenplays ever.[118]
Three of his lms feature in AFIs 100 Years...100
Movies: The Godfather (at #2), Apocalypse Now (at
#28) and The Godfather Part II (at #32). The Godfather also ranks at #11 in AFIs 100 Years100
Thrills. The following Coppola lms were also
nominated for the list: American Grati (1973)
Producer; The Conversation (1974) Director/Producer/Screenwriter; Patton (1970) Screenwriter.
In 1991, he was honored with the Berlinale Camera
at the Berlin International Film Festival.[119]

11
In 1992, he was awarded a Golden Lion Honorary
Award at the Venice Film Festival.[119]
In 1998, the Directors Guild of America honored
him with a Lifetime Achievement Award.[119]
He was honored with a special 50th anniversary
award for his impressive career at the 2002 San Sebastin International Film Festival.[119]
The same year he received a gala tribute from Film
Society of Lincoln Center.[119]
In 2003, he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement
Award at the Denver Film Festival.[119]
He was given an honorary award at the 2007 Antalya
Golden Orange Film Festival.[120]
In 2010, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences decided to honor him with the Irving G.
Thalberg Memorial Award at the 2nd Governors
Awards in November.[121][122] The honor was bestowed on him on November 13, along with honorary Oscars to Jean-Luc Godard, Kevin Brownlow
and Eli Wallach.[123]
In 2013, he was awarded a Praemium Imperiale in
the theatre/lm category.[124][125][126]
Coppola serves as the Honorary Consul H. E. Francis Ford Coppola in San Francisco for the Central
American nation of Belize.[127]
On October 1, 2014, Coppola was inducted into the
California Hall of Fame by Governor Edmund G.
Jerry Brown, Jr.[128]

6
7

8 References
[1] Barry, Langford (2005). Film Genre: Hollywood and Beyond. Edinburgh University Press. p. 134.
[2] Featured Filmmaker: Francis Ford Coppola IGN. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
[3] Francis Ford Coppola. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[4] Directors Hall of Fame, Class of 2010. Retrieved 201010-18.
[5] Saxon, Wolfgang (April 27, 1991). Carmine Coppola,
80, Conductor And Composer for His Sons Films. The
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[6] Cowie, Peter (1988). Coppola: a biography. Da Capo
Press. 2. ISBN 978-0-306-80598-1.
[7] Michael Cabanatuan (2004-01-23). Italia Coppola
mother of lmmaker. SFGate. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
[8] The Dream And Its Men Francis Ford Coppola And
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2013-05-25.
[9] Francis Ford Coppola.
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[15] Francis Ford Coppola biography. Yahoo! Movies.

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On May 6, 2015, he was awarded the Princess of

Asturias Award for the Arts.[130]

[16] An Interview with Francis Ford Coppola. Retrieved October 18, 2010.

Filmography
See also
Coppola family tree
List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards
List of wine personalities

[17] Kristine McKenna (2008-09-17). Joe Frank: O the Radio Page 1 Stage Los Angeles. LA Weekly. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[18] Francis Ford Coppola Biography. Retrieved October
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2012-08-26. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[20] Nebo zovyot. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[21] An Interview with Francis Ford Coppola. Retrieved October 18, 2010.

12

[22] Prole: Francis Ford Coppola, UCLA School of Theater, Film, and Television, Executive Board
[23] A Brief History of American Zoetrope.
2010-10-18.

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[90] Twixt (2012)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 11 April
[109] http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/
2015.
2011-03/15/gq-film-godfather-part-four/mario-puzo
[91] Hamlin, Suzanne (July 10, 1996). A Directors Vision
Archived May 29, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
for Celebrating Food, Wine and Film. New York Times
(Rutherford, CA). Retrieved October 15, 2010.
[110] Francis Ford Coppola. Newsmeat.

14

[111] 10 Best Films Never Made. Bangstyle.com. 2012-0417. Retrieved 2013-05-25.

[112] Francis Ford Coppola Says He Has Abandoned 'Megalopolis Project. Retrieved 2010-10-18.

10

EXTERNAL LINKS

9 Further reading
Jerey Chown (May 1988). Hollywood auteur:
Francis Coppola. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 9780-275-92910-7.

[113] The Directors Top Ten Directors. Archived from the

original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[114] The Critics Top Ten Directors. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[115] 25 Most Inuential Directors of All-Time (ranked)
MovieMaker Magazine. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[116] Top Director All Time List. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[117] Entertainment Weeklys 50 Greatest Directors. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
[118] 101 Greatest Screenplays. Retrieved 2010-21-18.
Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

10 External links
Francis Ford Coppola at the Internet Movie
Database
Francis Ford Coppola at AllMovie
Francis Ford Coppola: Texas Monthly Talks,
YouTube video posted on November 24, 2008
2007 Francis Ford Coppola Video Interview with
InterviewingHollywood.com

[119] Francis Ford Coppola. Retrieved October 18, 2010.

Bibliography at the University of California Berkeley Library

[120] 44th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival Kicks o.

Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-19.

Perfecting the Rubicon: An interview with Francis

Ford Coppola

[121] Oscar 2011: Francis Ford Coppola Gets Thalberg

Award, Kevin Brownlow Gets Honorary Oscar. Retrieved 2010-10-19.

Back to Bernalda by Coppola, T (International

Herald Tribune Style Magazine), December 8, 2012
Works by Francis Ford Coppola at Open Library

[122] Oscar 2011: Francis Ford Coppola Gets Thalberg

Award, Kevin Brownlow Gets Honorary Oscar. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
[123] Honorary Oscars for lm legends Coppola, Godard.
Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
[124] Francis Ford Coppola, 2013 Theatre/ Film, Praemium
Imperiale. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
[125] 2013 Praemium Imperiale Press Conference. Retrieved
2013-10-25.
[126] Francis Ford Coppola, 2013 Laureate of Theatre/Film.
Retrieved 2013-10-25.
[127] Honorary Consulates of Belize from Ministry of Foreign
Aairs (Belize)
[128] http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nbc-news-channel/
meet-the-newest-california-hall-of-fame-inductees-336834115568
[129] http://www.eudesign.com/oscars/osc-curi.htm
[130] http://www.fpa.es/en/communication/
francis-ford-coppola-princess-of-asturias-award-for-the-arts.
html?idCategoria=0&fechaDesde=&especifica=0&
texto=&fechaHasta=&tipo=0
[131] 13th Moscow International Film Festival (1983)". MIFF.
Retrieved 2013-01-31.
[132] 15th Moscow International Film Festival (1987)". MIFF.
Retrieved 2013-02-21.

15

11
11.1

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Francis Ford Coppola Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola?oldid=684129728 Contributors: Magnus Manske,

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11.2

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16

11

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Francis_Ford_Coppola(CannesPhotoCall)_crop.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Francis_

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