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CULVERTS
Hydraulic
load H * entry is greater than the diameter D, and the tie rod
exit, it is greater than D, in this case the drain is full:
Then: H * > D
>D
D x 1.25 D
Sewer-filled
at the
H > H*
Andt
< D
Sewerfilled.
1.2.2 TYPES OF SEWERS FOR THEIR ABILITY
A pipe culvert
For equal flow rates at or below 1.2 m3 / s
Transitions LP length
LP4 Di
LP3Di
Di=0 .51
CULVERTS OF 2
For flow rates
m3 / s 2.2 m3 / s
2
TUBOS
ranging from 0.5
Qmax=2 Di (m /seg)
Length of transitions
Lt 5 D i
The input and output transitions take protection of rockfill thick layer
of rock to a height 0.25 m above the bottom of channel 1.2 D.
Length of protection at the entrance
Length outlet protection
L p5D i
CULVERTS OF 2 EYES
L p4 Di
Di=0 .5 1 m
Lp=3 D
Lp=5 D
Di=0.80 m
CULVERTS OF 3 EYES
Input and output protection rockfill and a layer thickness of 0.25 m rock .
Length of transitions =D+ b
b = Template channel
Length of input protection
Lp 3 D
Length Lp leakage
L p5D
protection
Minimum internal diameter
Di=0.80 m
TYPES
TYPES OF SEWERS.
CROSS SECTION
USED MATERIAL
SIMPLE CONCRETE
SINGLE TUBE OR
OR REINFORCED,
MULTIPLE
VITRIFIED CLAY,
CAST IRON.
SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
CORRUGATED
TUBE BOW
MATERIAL
CONCRETE
ALCANTARILLA DE
PUENTE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
REINFORCED
CORRUGATED
TIPO ARCO
METAL, MASONRY
ARCH
tube
DIMENSIONS
h (m)
e (m)
18
1.52
0.15
21
1.60
0.15
24
1.68
0.15
27
1.90
0.15
30
2.13
0.15
36
2.60
0.15
42
2.82
0.20
48
3.00
0.20
54
3.50
0.20
60
3.65
0.20
Perd=
( Pe+ Pf + Ps )Va 2
2g
Slope of the bed of the stream waters above and downstream of the
place.
Type of entry.
Transition of
Earth
concrete
Pipes
Diamet
Diameter
Area
er
(cm)
(m2)
30.48
0.07
(inch)
0 - 0.076
0 - 0.110
12
3
0.077 0.112
0.111 0173
15
38.10
0.11
4
0.113 0.176
0174 0.249
18
45.72
0.16
4
0.177 0,238
0.250 0.340
21
53.34
0.22
3
0.239 0.311
0.341 0.445
24
60.96
0.29
2
0.312 0.393
0.446 0.564
27
68.58
0.36
9
0.394 0.487
0.565 0.694
30
76.20
0.45
6
0.488 0.589
0.695 0.841
33
83.82
0.55
2
0.590 0.699
0.842 1,000
36
91.44
0.65
6
0.700 0.821
1,001 1.175
39
99.06
0.77
1
0.822 0.954
1,176 1,362
42
106.68
0.89
4
0.955 1,096
1.363 1.563
45
114.30
1,02
6
1097 1,246
1,564 1,778
48
121.92
1.16
7
1.247 1.407
1,779 2008
51
129.54
1.31
8
1.408 1,578
2009 2,251
54
137.16
1.47
8
1.579 1.756
2.252 2.509
57
144.78
1,64
6
1.757 1946
2.510 2.781
60
152.40
1824
1947 2,146
63
160.02
2011
2.147 2.356
66
167.64
2.20
7
2.357 2.574
69
175.26
2.
412
2.575 2.803
72
182.88
2.62
6
2.
D+1.5 h v
Where:
2
hv=
v
2g
0.005(S0 =5 )
5. Coverage of minimum ground between the Crown of the road and the tube:
(3 ft).
On roads in farms (plots) minimum coverage of 0.60 m (2 ft).
9. Assumed losses are 1.5 times load speed in the pipeline more losses
by friction.
hT 1=1.5 hv +hf E
10. For the calculation of losses in the sewers running full, you can use the
following formula, in the metric system:
hT 2=Q2 (
Where:
hT 2 = load, in m.
k e = coefficient of loss at the entrance.
D = diameter of the pipe in m.
n = roughness coefficient.
L = length of the sewer, in m
Q = flow, m3/s
Experimental values of K, for different conditions of entry, which vary in
the form indicated, have been determined:
INPUT TYPE
VARIATION
AVERAGE
0.43 0.70
0.50
0.08-0.27
0.10
0.10-0.33
0.15
------
0.20
0.5 0.9
0.85