THE PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM. (P.&I D.

)
The P&ID is produced before the mid-tern break and is then kept up to date with
alterations and additions derived from Hazop, Hazan, plant layout, piping design,
control philosophy development, E.I.S., etc.
The P&ID is based an the Process Flow Diagram and is developed from it by adding
details such as:

All storage vessels for feeds, intermediates and products.

All valves, manual (especially isolation valves), control, and self-acting

(relief, reducing, non-return, vacuum breaker )

Indicate Sample points, and flare and drain connections.

All pipes including utility and waste pipes and those connected to Pressure or
Vacuum Relief valves.

A clear expression of the intended method of receipt and despatch of all Raw
Material, products and wastes.
o Pipeline, or
o Bulk (show tanker or tiptruck important info for plant layout and if
solids show elevated hopper or front end loader or whatever),or
o Packaged (show packaging equipment, even if only as black box)

All signal connections to and from instruments.

All instruments (measuring elements, controllers, action elements, alarms,

trips)

Show control loops.

Equipment items used on special occasions only; startup, shutdown,

emergency.

Utility plants, feed preparation plants and waste treatment plants, which may
be shown as "black boxes" or in more detail.

ACCOMPANYING THE P&ID ARE LISTS OF ITEMS, AS FOLLOWS.

Each item is listed with its plant code number. Everything in the plant gets on to a list.
Some lists are:

An Equipment list which lists

o Vessels, with function, pressure rating & capacity
o Columns, with function & pressure rating
o Heat exchangers, with function.
o Pumps, with function
o Other unit ops including dryers, filters, centrifuges, furnaces.

Pipes, (This list derives from the Piping Design, pipe code numbers are
coordinated with the PFD stream numbers) ideally with size, schedule &
material but for Design this needs only to be done for the main pipelines.

Valves, ideally each with plant code, size, material, but for Design this needs
only to be done for the main pipelines.

Control loops, and other instruments.

These lists are of the utmost importance in the preparation of cost estimates.

There must be a clear title block, preferably at bottom right, showing

o Group #, Names, revision history, date, and a clear title
o

also nominate the plant location

THE P&ID IS LARGE AND ELABORATE, EVERYTHING IN THE P and ID

MUST BE LEGIBLE
It requires either
A good big sheet or sheets of paper A3 size.
Or Multiple sheets in which case the connections to the other sheets must be
clearly shown
HINTS FOR DEVELOPING THE P & ID

Experience has shown design groups usually get a much more consistent and
simple/workable P & ID by working together as a team rather than
individually developing sections and trying to cut and paste these together

Most processing plants will require intermediate storage between processing

units this decouples the sections of the plant making control much more
robust by avoiding a small disturbance in one unit operation cascading right
through the process, and potentially causing cyclic instability. Of course these
intermediate storages will require level control and alarms, and flow control to
subsequent processing stages

Some details will be very repetitive throughout the P & ID for example
isolation valves for every control transmitter, or isolation valves/bypass lines
etc. when standby pumps are installed. This is best shown by presenting
typical detail, but not replicating for every transmitter or pump set throughout
the P & ID

There are guidelines on how to approach the P and I D on BlackBoard under the tab
Assignment #2 handouts >> P and I D
And in particular there is a Utube guide from Michigan Uni at
https://elearning.sydney.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-2711252-dt-content-rid-14117959_1/xid-14117959_1

Col Putt 2003

Revised with input from Design Supervisors

Don White Sept 2015