9/23/2015

ThinkLearn&Perform(TLP):GSMainsSynopsis[Day10]|IASbaba

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ThinkLearn&Perform(TLP):GSMainsSynopsis[Day10]
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TLP:GSMainsSynopsis[Day10]
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Day10ModernHistoryandINM
Q.1) The rise of Arya Samaj may quite logically be pronounced as the outcomes of conditions
importedintoIndiabytheWest.Evaluate.
TheTopAnswerforthisquestioniswrittenbyIndushree
Ans) Arya Samaj was necessarily a Hindu revivalist movement of 19th century. While it accepted a few
progressivewesternideas,itopposedtheforeignnatureofBritishruleandtheirculturaldominance.
1.Asarevoltagainstintrusionofcolonialcultureandideology,AryaSamajchosetorevivetraditionalculture
withVedicknowledgeasitsfoundation.
2.Opposingtheforeignrule,AryaSamajcalledforAryavarthaforAryans.
3. Christian missionaries used education and healthcare to encourage conversion. Recognising this,
DayanandAngloVernacularschoolswerestartedtopromotewesternscientificeducation.
4. In retaliation to proselytising activities of Christians and Muslims, Arya Samaj launched Shuddhi
Movement.Thisreconversionmovementalsosowedtheseedsofcommunalism.
5. The awakening lead by Western rationalism necessitated a relook into Indian society. Arya Samaj
opposedsocialevilslikepolytheism,idolatry,castesystem,untouchabilityandsuperstitions.But,itsoughtto
revivevarnasystembasedonoccupationasprevalentinVedictimes.
6. Also, progressive ideas like equality to women, widow remarriage, intercaste marriages, universal
brotherhoodwhichfoundtheirwayintoAryaSamajwereinfluencedbywesternideasofliberty,equalityand
fraternity.
AryaSamajincorporatedthebestideasfrompastandWesttoreformIndiansociety.But,itsoverzealous
attempttoprotectHindusocietyledtorevivalofcommunalismtoo.
Q.2) The CharterAct of 1833 rung own the curtain on the companys trade and introduced a new
conceptofgovernmentinIndia.Substantiate.
TheTopAnswerforthisquestioniswrittenbySantoshGupta
Ans)AfterstoppingthecommercialactivityofEICbyaskingittocloseitstradeentirelyinIndia,thecharter
Actof1833madeprovisionsforintroductionofnewconceptofgovernmentofIndia,through:
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ThinkLearn&Perform(TLP):GSMainsSynopsis[Day10]|IASbaba

Centralisationofpower:TheGovernorGeneralofBengalwasmadetheGovernorGeneralofBritishIndia
and all financial and administrative powers were centralized in the hands of Governor GeneralinCouncil.
Hecouldrepeal,amendoralteranylawsorregulationsinanypartofBritishterritoryinIndia.
ConceptofActs:TheActprovidedthatalllawsmadeinIndiaweretobelaidbeforetheparliamentandbe
knownasActs.
EstablishmentofIndianLawCommission:Tocodifyingthelaws,theGGinCouncilwasdirectedtosetupan
Indian law Commission to inquire into the Jurisdiction, powers and rules of the courts, judicial procedure,
natureandoperationofallkindsoflaws.
Indians inAdministration: TheAct provisioned to admit the natives of India to share administration in the
country.
SocialMeasures:TheActdirectedtheGGinCounciltogivedueconsiderationtopersonallawsandwork
towardsmitigationofthestateofslavery.
Thus, the Act changed a commercial body to administrative setup and laid the initial foundation for
introductionofcolonialgovernmentinIndia.
Q.3) The tribals revolted more often and far more violently than any other community including
peasantsinIndia.Enumeratethecausesandconsequencesofalltheseintensetribalrevolts.
TheTopAnswerforthisquestioniswrittenbyRazm
Ans) Tribal revolts even with their local in character were much violent and traditional in nature. Their
generalcausesandaftereffectsofthoserevoltsareenumeratedbelow.
Causes
1. Famine and economic hardships because of higher land revenue were the major reasons for uprisings
suchasSanyasirevolt,Chuaruprisings,Bhiluprisingsetc.
2. Excessive land transfers, external interferences etc sowed the seeds of Kol Mutiny, Santhal uprisings,
Khasiuprisingsetc.
3.RamosisrevoltedagainsttheimpositionofBritishpatternofadministration.
4.BritisheffortstoendthepracticeofhumansacrificearousedthefeelingsofKandhs.
5.NewrestrictiveforestrightsimposedresultedinRamparebellion.
Consequences
1. Colonial authorities in general recognized the tribal autonomy and thereafter interference were minimal
fromtheBritishsidein20thcentury
2.Manytribalrightswererecognizedinprinciple
3.Intotalitytheserebellionswereabletosetthetraditionoflocalresistancetoauthoritarianismandhence
canbeconsideredasaprecursortoallthelaterorganizedstrugglesagainsttheempire.
Although the tribal uprisings were massive they were often localized and isolated and were for local
grievances.Hencetheirresistancewasntpowerfulenoughtorepresentasocialalternative.

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ThinkLearn&Perform(TLP):GSMainsSynopsis[Day10]|IASbaba

Q.4) Examine themajorfactors shapingthe BritishLandRevenue PolicyinIndia. Howdid it affect

theIndiansociety?
TheTopAnswerforthisquestioniswrittenbyBS
Ans) British Land revenue system was essentially based on Mercantilism policy. EIC collected tax to
financeitsexportsofrawmaterialtoBritishwithoutrequiringgold,silver.
Themajoraimsoflandrevenuesystemwere:maximumrevenue,continuedsupplyofrawmaterial,making
marketforBritishgoodsandultimatelycontinuationofBritishrule.
EIC used the old tax system and local zamindars, jagirdars were assigned the task as they were
accustomedtotheprevailingtaxsystem.
Threetypesofsystems:
1.Permanentsettlement:Taxwastobecollectedbyzamindarsandrevenuewasfixed
2.Ryotwari:Governmenttocollecttaxandthelandrevenuesystemwasflexible
3.MahalwariSystem:Taxationwasimposedonvillagecommunity
Consequenceonsocietyandculture:
Class society: Divided society into different classes: zamindar, tenant, sharecropper etc. This also
introducedmanyoppressivepractices:beggar,forcedlabor
Impact on agriculture: made Indian agriculture monocultural, only cash crops were cultivated, earlier
practiceofcultivatingfood,fodder,andfuelalongsidedisappeared.
Casheconomy:Astheyhadtopayrevenueincashandnotinkindunlikeearlier.Thisledtomoneylending.
Village culture: practice of common land, cooperative relations destroyed and led to problems like land
fragmentation, competition based village, low scale production and food insecurity. Selfsufficient villages
becamedependantonBritishgoods,lawandjusticesystem.
Q.5)ExaminethemainaspectsofMuslimLeaguepoliticsfrom1937to1947.Wasthepartitionofthe
countryunavoidable?
TheTopAnswerforthisquestioniswrittenbySepoyNo1446
Ans)MuslimleagueintensifieditsdemandforPakistaninlastlegofIndianNationalmovement.From1937
to1947,threedifferenttrendscanbeobserved:
1937 to 1942:This was characterized by consolidation of two nation theory.This was comparatively a calm
periodintermsofviolenceanddirectclashes.By1940,theideaofPakistanhasalmosttakenshape.Nextfew
yearswerespentinitsactivepursuance,usingbothviolenceandpolitics.
1942 to 1946:ML and Congress engaged over Cripps mission,Cabinet mission,Wavell plan etc where ML
claimeditselftobethesolerepresentativeofMuslimsofIndia.Thishadamajorbearingduringnegotiation
process and almost all missions came to a halt.On field level,incipient form of communal clashes were
brewing.
1946to1947:Thiswasmarkedbyviolentconfrontation.Congresssfrustrationwithleaguesnoncooperation
ininterimcabinetandMLscallfordirectactionweremajorevents.Politicaltalksalmostbrokedownwhich
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ultimatelyledtoPartition.
19371947eramadepartitionunavoidable.CongressrefusaltosharepowerwithMLinunitedprovinceswas
theturningpoint.Bymid40sMLhadbecomeannoyinglyadamant.Communalclasheshadhaltedgeneral
life,ledtobreakdownoflawandmachinery,peoplesmoralsweredownandleadershadlostenergy.British
werealsoinahurry.Allthesemadepartitionanecessaryevil.

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