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Period: 3
10-2-15
Amjad Syedibrahim
Period: 3
10-2-15
To find the acceleration vector between V i and Vf , draw the Vf first. Then draw
the -Vi at the tip of the Vf. Find the resultant. Take the resultant and place it onto
the original vector for Vi and Vf. This is the average acceleration at the midpoint
between Vi and Vf.
Once a vector has been plotted and the x and y axes have been fixed, two new
vectors can be defined parallel to the axes. These are called the x-component and
the y-component vectors and they are always perpendicular to each other.
The original vector is the sum of the two component vectors.
When the original vector has been broken down into its two components, it is said
to have been decomposed or resolved.
The orientation of the coordinate system is important to create the x and y
component vectors.
To determine the components of a vector, take the absolute value of the xcomponent. This represents the magnitude of the component vector. The sign of
the vector is positive if the x-component of the vector points in the positive xdirection and negative if the x-component of the vector points in the negative xdirection. The y-component is determined the same way.
Amjad Syedibrahim
Period: 3
10-2-15
Relative velocity is velocity that is described from a point of view relative to the
motion of the object. There can be multiple descriptions of the velocity of one
person and they will all still be valid.
You can add two relative velocities by cancelling subscripts.
When you are given a problem (vx)RC=(vx)RA+(vx)AC, adding (vx)AC is the same thing as
subtracting (vx)CA.
for dense objects moving at moderate speeds. For this reason, it will be ignored in
this chapter.
Any projectile will always follow the same type of path, which is a trajectory in the
values for and the y-component of the initial velocity vector. However, the xcomponent of the initial velocity vector will still be the same and the speed of the
initial velocity will always be a positive value.
An object will finish its motion moving downward at the same speed it started
constant velocity in the horizontal direction and free-fall motion in the vertical
direction.
There are four equations of motion for the parabolic trajectory of a projectile.
Amjad Syedibrahim
Period: 3
10-2-15
1. xf = xi + (vx)i t
2. yf = yi +(vy)i t -
1
2
g(t)2
4. (vy)f = (vy)i g t
The vertical and horizontal components of an object in projectile motion are
There are four kinematics equations used for projectile motion, two for the
vertical component and two for the horizontal component.
Horizontal: 1. xf = xi +(vx)i t 2. (vx)f = (vx)i = constant
Vertical: 1. yf = yi + (vy)i t -
1
2
g(t)2
2. (vy)f = (vy)i gt
t is the same for both the vertical and horizontal components of the motion.
The range of a projectile is the horizontal distance it has traveled.
If the launch angle is very small or very large, the range will be quite small.
If a ball is thrown with a launch angle of 75, it will go up-and-down quite a bit, but
it will not travel far horizontally. Similarly, if a ball gets thrown with a launch angle
of 15, the ball will not get enough airtime and thus will not be able to travel far.
Both of these cases have the same range, or horizontal distance traveled.
A launch angle of 45 will give you the maximum range when the object is landing at
the same elevation it was launched in.
The optimal launch angle for projectiles such as baseballs and golf balls is less than
45 because of the effects of air resistance.
Air resistance is critical for small objects traveling at high speeds.
Amjad Syedibrahim
Period: 3
10-2-15
If an object makes 10 revolutions in 1 second, then its period is one-tenth of a
second.
Revolutions are not units. The SI unit of frequency is inverse seconds, or s -1.
The frequency may also be measured in revolutions per minute (rpm). These other
units usually need to be calculated into s-1 before working with them.
The equation relating the period, the radius and the speed can be written as:
v=
2 R
T
To relate the frequency to the speed, we can write the equation: v=2fR where v
represents the speed, R is the radius, and f is the frequency.
An object in uniform circular motion is accelerating even though it is moving at a
constant speed because its velocity changes as the direction of motion changes.
The acceleration vector points towards the center of the circle.
The velocity vector point in the direction of motion of the object and shows its
speed.
The velocity vector will always be tangent to the circle and perpendicular to the
acceleration vector at all points.
An acceleration that always points directly to the center of the circle is called a
centripetal acceleration.
The relationship between displacement, velocity and the radius can be shown by the
equation:
v d
=
v
r . Where v is the change in velocity, v is the speed, r is the
v v t
=
. The variables in this equation can be rearranged to:
v
r
v vv
=
t
r . The equation
v
t = acceleration. We can replace the left side of
vv
r .
Amjad Syedibrahim
Period: 3
10-2-15
a =(
vv
,
r
vv
r ) with a direction, we can write
toward center of the circle). In this
vv
r .
Amjad Syedibrahim
Period: 3
10-2-15
5. Relative motion is the concept that velocity can be perceived from different point
of views and that there is no wrong calculation for a velocity based on that.
Operations can be performed with relative velocities to calculate the velocity in
another persons point of view.
6. When an object is sliding down an inclined plane, its acceleration will be parallel to
the angle of that surface. Given by the formula: ax = gsin . The direction in which
the ramp is tilted is important to determine the correct sign that will be used from
the equation. The result ax gives the magnitude of the acceleration. If = 0, then ax
will also equal 0. This is because when the plane is leveled with the ground, the
force of gravity cannot bring it down any further and thus the object remains at
rest giving us an acceleration of zero.