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Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil
Stabilization1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the qualification of fly ash and
other pozzolans for use with lime in plastic, nonplastic mixtures and other mixtures that affect lime pozzolanic reaction
required by soil stabilization. Evaluation of pozzolans containing available lime, such as Class C fly ash, is given consideration. Pozzolans covered include artificial pozzolans such as
fly ash, and natural pozzolans, such as diatomite and pumicite,
in either raw or calcined state.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
by the Industry)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Specimens)
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and
Guidelines.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved
in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C593 06. DOI: 10.1520/
C0593-06R11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5. Sampling
5.1 Sample pozzolan in accordance with the applicable
provisions of Test Methods C311, except take one 10-lb
(4.5-kg) sample from approximately each 400 tons (350 metric
tons) of pozzolan.
5.2 The sampling procedures and techniques shall be consistent from original sample to project completion.
TEST METHODS
6. Significance and Use
6.1 This test method states various procedures that are
recommended to quantify various aspects of the lime enhanced
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C593 06 (2011)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Water-soluble fraction, max, %
Fineness, amount retained, when wet sieved:
No. 30 (600-m) sieve, max, %
No. 200 (75-m) sieve, max, %
Lime-pozzolan strength, minimum compressive strength, psi (MPa):
At 7 days, 130 3 F (54 2 C)
After additional 21 days, 73 3 F (23 2 C)
Compressive strength, min, psi (MPa)
Vacuum saturation strength, min, psi (MPa)
10.0
2.0
30.0
600
600
400
400
(4.1)
(4.1)
(2.8)
(2.8)
180 g
360 g
1480 g
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C593 06 (2011)
intended for use on the job. If graded standard sand is used as
the aggregate, the proportions of dry materials by weight shall
be as follows:
Hydrated lime
Pozzolan
Graded standard sand
4%
24 %
72 %
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C593 06 (2011)
PMMA cover plate with O-ring seal
12.2 The precision for pulverized coal fly ash, using the
procedure of 12.1, is as follows:
12.2.1 The single operator standard deviation has been
found to be 0.095 %.3 Therefore, results of two properly
conducted tests by the same operator on the same material
should not differ by more than 0.268 %.3
12.2.2 The multilaboratory standard deviation has been
found to be 0.264 %.3 Therefore, results of two properly
conducted tests from two different laboratories on identical
samples should not differ by more than 0.75 %.3
13. Storage and Inspection
13.1 Pozzolans shall be stored in such a manner as to permit
easy access for proper inspection and identification of each
shipment. Reasonable facilities shall be provided the purchaser
for careful sampling and inspection either at the source or at the
site of the work, as may be specified by the purchaser.
14. Rejection
14.1 Pozzolan may be rejected if it fails to meet any of the
requirements of this specification.
14.2 Packages varying more than 5 % from the stated
weight may be rejected; and if the average weight of the
packages in any shipment, as shown by weighing 50 packages
taken at random, is less than that specified, the entire shipment
may be rejected.
15. Packaging and Package Marking
15.1 When pozzolan is delivered in packages, the name and
brand and the weight of material contained therein shall be
plainly marked on each package. Similar information shall be
3
These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in
Practice C670.
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C593 06 (2011)
provided in shipping invoices accompanying the shipment of
packaged or bulk pozzolans.
16. Keywords
16.1 compressive strength; fly ash; freeze-thaw resistance;
lime; pozzolan; soil stabilization
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee C07 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C593 05, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 15, 2006)
(1) Replaced reference to Type N Lime (Specification C207) to
Lime Used with Pozzolans (Specification C821) in 9.3.1 and
10.1.1.
(2) Revised 1.2, 9.5, and 9.7 to change the safety caveat and
remove references to mortar.
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