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Form 4

Physics
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The study of
matter
Chapter 2:
Forces & Motion

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Physics: Chapter
2
Objectives:

(what you will learn)

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1)

understanding Motion

2)

understanding Momentum

3)

understanding Forces

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Motion
Distance = amount of space between 2
places

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Displacement = distance from a particular

point
Speed distanc , m s-1
tim
Speed = distanceetraveled
per unit of time
=
e
Velocity = displacement per unit of time
Velocity displaceme , m s-1
nt time
=
Acceleration = rate of changes in velocity

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Acceleratio velocit , m stime

y 2
n=
Deceleration = retardation = negative

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Motion
Equations of motion:v = u + at
v2 = u2 + 2as
s = ut + at2
Inertia = tendency of things to resist changes in
motion

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Momentum = mass x velocity

Law of Conservation of Momentum
When 2 or more objects act upon each other, their
total momentum remains constant; if no external
forces are acting.

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Impulse = changes in momentum = mv mu

= Ft
Impulsive force = rate of change of
momentum (in a collision or explosion)

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Newtons Law
Newtons First Law
Every object continue in its state of rest or motion in
straight line, unless it is compelled to change by
forces acting on it.

Newtons Second Law

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The acceleration of an object is directly proportional

to the net force acting on the object, in the direction
of the net force, and inversely proportional to its
mass.

F = ma
Newtons Third Law

Whenever an object exerts a force on a second object,

the second object exerts an equal and opposite force
on the first.
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F1

F2

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Forces & Motion

Free fall = motion under the influence of
gravitational pull only. The acceleration of free fall is
g.
Earths gravitational field strength (g) is 10 N/kg.

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Weight is the force due to gravity on an object.

Weight (W) is the product of mass (m) and
acceleration due to gravity
W = (g).
mg
Forces in equilibrium = balanced forces = resultant
force = 0
(The acceleration of the object is zero)

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Unbalanced forces = single force = resultant force

Work = force x distance
Unit is kg m2 s-2 or Joule (J)

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Forces & Motion

All moving objects have kinetic energy (KE) which is
due to motion.
KE = mv2
Gravitational potential energy is the work done
when an object dropped because of downward
gravitational pull.
PEgravity =
mgh
Elastic potential energy
is work done to stretch or
compress a spring or a rubber.
PEelastic =
Fx
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but can change
from one form to another.

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Efficiency

energy
= Useful
output
Energy input

X 100%

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Forces & Motion

Power = rate at which work is done (unit in watt, W)
Power Work done
Time taken

=
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Elasticity
The property of changing shape when a deforming
force acts on an object & returning to the original
shape when the force is removed.

Hookes Law

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The amount of stretch or compression is directly

proportional to the applied force, F.

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Summary

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What you have learned:

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1.

Understanding Motion

2.

Understanding Momentum

3.

Understanding Forces

Thank You