International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.

3952-3957
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

Intelligent Control Based Effective

Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources
A.Dhanam G.Anandha Kumar1, M.Venkatesh Kumar2, Dr.P.Shankar3
UG students, Saveetha School of Engineering
Associate Professor -Department of EnEE, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University
Assistant Professor(SG) -Department of EnEE, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University
Principal, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University
anandhresearch@gmail.com, venkatmme@gmail.com, principal.sse@saveetha.com
Abstract - In this paper we focus on the load
optimization and management of battery storage for
improving the utilization of Renewable energy sources.
Intelligent Controller based system continuously
monitors the charge available in the Battery and
indicates the amount of charge remaining in the Battery
Level indicator. Based on the amount of charge
remaining the charging and discharging of the battery
is controlled by Fuzzy Logic controller. Distribution of
power among the loads and priority to the load is
decided by the Fuzzy Logic controller based on the
amount of charge remaining in the battery. Comparing
to conventional BMS it is a more suitable solution for
Renewable Energy due to its high flexibility and
scalability.

3. Battery packages recombination

4. Battery package charge
5. SOC estimate and calibration
II. METHODS AND OPERATION
A. Measure Function
Battery Management System uses MC9S12 Series
Chip as Center Microchip Unit to complete the
measure of the battery voltage, temperature, current
and the remaining battery capacity (AH).
a) Voltage Measure
We use the multi-channel MOSFET and resistor
to get the voltage signal. After that, the signal must
be filtered so as to get rid of the 50HZ ripple from
electric net during charging. In the end we use A/D
converter to get the value of the battery voltage.

Keywords - Renewable Energy Source,

I. INTRODUCTION
The Renewable Energy Power System has been put
into operation, requires long charge time and a
smallest of charge equipment to limit the cost
requirement of the entire system. To solve the
problem that it must take long time for battery to
charge and to wait for charge, a new quickly
swapping battery package mode is brought out. That
is, we can charge the battery packages in early time
and exchange the battery packages on the source with
the full-charged packages when it is required. Thus it
is easier for a battery charge. Compared with the oldstyle charging mode, this new charge mode has
relatively a large difference. In this paper we analyze
the features of this mode, and do some research on it.
After that we give out some ideas applicable. At last
we apply the ideas to monitor the state of the battery
online, charge battery packages and battery unit
under the control of BMS (battery management
system), identify parameter, estimate and calibrate
SOC (State of charge).

Fig 1. Battery voltage Measurement

b) Temperature Measure
We use temperature A/D converter to get the
value of temperature. All A/D converters are tie in a
bus. So it is easy for us to lay the temperature A/D.
c) Current Measure (Ah counting)
We use current sensor to get the battery current as
precise quickly as possible. At the same time, the

Problems in the charge mode:

1. Communication network
2. Parametric recognition

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3952-3957
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

current sample A/D can also calculate the current

integral for energy and SOC.

B. The Package Mode

When battery union is broken into packages,
slavers can also send messages to portable equipment
for monitor by slaver CAN, and also send messages
to charger for control. Once battery packages are
placed for use in the renewable energy source, we
can also measure voltage, temperature, battery
package message, charge message thought slaver
CAN, etc. In this mode, for traditional BMS used in
renewable energy source [4], because of losing the
brain of master, it cannot deliver the battery messages
and control the process of the charge and discharge.

Fig 2. Packages Charge Mode

III. BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The BMS normally provides inputs to protection
devices which generate alarms or disconnect the
battery from the load or charger when any of the
parameters become out of limits. The major
objectives of BMS are [10]: (1) to protect the cells or
the battery from damage; (2) to prolong the life of the
battery; and (3) to maintain the battery in a state in
which it can fulfill the functional requirements of the
application for which it was specified. Thus, the
BMS may incorporate one or more of the following
functions: cell protection, charge control, demand
management, state of charge (SOC) determination,
state of health (SOH) determination, cell balancing,
communication, and etc. Fig shows the BMS which
was developed in the previous study. The SOC of
each cell can be monitored by a BIM (Battery
Interconnect Manager), as shown in Fig. and each
BIM is instructed by the BWM (Battery Module
Manager), as shown in Fig, to communicate with its
next neighbor BIM through a communication bus.
Once overcharging or over- discharging of a cell
occurs, the BIM reports to its supervised BWM and
self-purge to maintain the safety of the system. The
BIM configuration provides very easy interface with
its neighbors and offer the salient feature of plugand-play[5,9].

C. Battery Packages Charge

For traditional battery charging, the series
connected battery union in an renewable energy
source is usually charged as a whole. So the process
of charge is completed under the control of BMS
master[8]. But once the battery union is broken to
packages, without the "brain" --- the BMS master, the
process of charge can only rely on professional
people to complete. But in the new communication
system above, we know that battery package has
RS485 and CAN interfaces[3]. As the Figure , when
the capacity of battery is little, we can make the
charger voltage output connected to the battery
package, and also we tie the communication line
(RS485) to BMS slaver RS485 interface. Before the
charger gives out current, it must confirm that a well
data link between BMS and charger is establishment.
Then, BMS slaver must send some battery messages
and charge messages to the charger. After the charger
sends commend to BMS slaver, the process begins.
In the charging process, BMS slaver detects the state
of battery in the package on-line. It also needs to
analyze how to charge the battery package according
to voltage, temperature, the health of any battery. At
the same time, BMS slaver also can send the
messages to the charger by RS485 bus. The charger
can change its charge voltage or charge current to
adapt to the battery package. When BMS detected
appeared over-charged battery, charger will be
informed to reduce the charge current. At last the
charger will complete the charging process of CC and
CV.

A. Charging State
The charging module contains one or more smart
battery chargers. The charging module charges one or
more battery units connected in series or in parallel.
For simplicity of discussion, only the configurations
for the smart BMS with only one CDM-PPA module
are demonstrated. Fig. shows that the battery unit U1
is charged.

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3952-3957
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

load. Suppose that the load needs the power supplied

by four units U1, U2, U5, and U6.

Fig 3. Battery Management System

Fig 4. Smart Battery Module

Switches SUP1 and SUM1 are turned on forming a

battery path which includes U1, and switches SP1
and SM1 are turned on to connect the battery path to
the smart battery charger. Similarly, it can easily to
generate a path that causes the smart charger to
charge more than one battery units[2]. For example,
the path may include both units U1 and U2 connected
in series, or include both units U1 and U3 connected
in series with bypassing unit U2. If it is desired to
charge the smart battery units U1 and U3 connected
in parallel, one can turn on corresponding switches to
form two paths, Path #1 and Path #2, containing U1
and U3, respectively. Both paths are then connected
to the smart battery charger, as shown in Fig 4.
B. Discharging State
When any of the smart battery units has its power
almost used up during discharge, the control circuitry
will control the corresponding switches to isolate the
unit and timely add one or more smart battery units
according to the power requirements of the
discharging module. Consequently, the discharging
capacity[6] of the smart battery module can be
maintained in a desired and usable range while
allowing the rest of smart battery units smoothly
discharge without interruption[1]. In Fig.4 the smart
battery module is in its discharging state. The load
requires the power supplied by three smart battery
units U1, U2, and U3. The corresponding switches
are turned on and off to make these units connected
in series before making the serially connected to the

Fig. 5(b) illustrates the configuration, where both

units U3 and U4 are bypassed and isolated.
Serially-connected battery units provide higher
supplied voltage, while parallel-connected battery
units deliver more currents. Similar to Fig. 4(b), one
can generate parallel-connected battery units to
connect to the load for delivering more currents. Fig.
6 shows that the proposed BMS provides various
output voltages so that the smart battery module is
used more flexibly and enhances the utilization rate
of the discharge energy, improving the overall power
efficiency of the smart battery module. Load1,
Load2, and Load3 are respectively discharged by the
supplied voltages from one, two, and three battery
units.
IV. BENEFITS
Safety: Improves safety of high-voltage batteries and
decreases the occurrence of thermal runaway and
catastrophic failures
Reliability: Utilizes a low pin count, causing reduced
complexity and increased reliability
Dual-purpose: Detects the individual bad cells within
series and parallel cells
Extended battery life: Manages battery cells within a
string, which increases the life of battery systems

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3952-3957
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

Decreased battery damage: Prevents damage from

too much or too little voltage
Limited charge current: Balances cells by adding
charge to individual cells after main charge is
complete
Low cost: Provides a less expensive alternative to
existing, commercially available solutions
V. FUZZY LOGIC
In contrast to conventional control techniques,
fuzzy logic control (FLC) is best utilized in complex
ill-defined processes that can be controlled by a
skilled human operator without much knowledge of
their underlying dynamics[7]. The basic idea behind
FLC is to incorporate the "expert experience" of a
human operator in the design of the controller in
controlling a process whose input output
relationship is described by collection of fuzzy
control rules (e.g., IF-THEN rules) involving
linguistic variables rather than a complicated
dynamic model. The utilization of linguistic
variables, fuzzy control rules, and approximate
reasoning provides a means to incorporate human
expert experience in designing the controller. FLC is
strongly based on the concepts of fuzzy sets,
linguistic variables an approximate reasoning
introduced in the previous chapters. This chapter will
introduce the basic architecture and functions of
fuzzy logic controller, and some practical application
examples. A typical architecture of FLC is shown
below, which comprises of four principal comprises:
a fuzzifier, a fuzzy rule base, inference engine, and a
defuzzifier. If the output from the defuzzifier is not a
control action for a plant, then the system is fuzzy
logic decision system. The fuzzifier has the effect of
transforming crisp measured data (e.g. speed is 10
mph) into suitable linguistic values (i.e. fuzzy sets,
for example, speed is too slow). The fuzzy rule base
stores the empirical knowledge of the operation of
the process of the domain experts.~ The inference
engine is the kernel of a FLC, and it has the
capability of simulating human decision making by
performing approximate reasoning to achieve a
desired control strategy.The defuzzifier is utilized to
yield a non-fuzzy decision or control action from an
inferred fuzzy control action by the inference engine

Fig 5. Operation of a Fuzzy Logic

Controller

Fig 6. Block Diagram

VI. EXPLANATION
This block diagram illustrates the photovoltaic
power system and wind energy is the input source.
From photovoltaic power system the output is given
to DC-DC converter. DC-DC converters convert only
DC voltage to constant 12V DC. From the wind
energy the output will be AC supply. To convert AC
DC rectifiers are used. This both converter and
rectifiers are connected to the battery through bus
bar. From the battery DC-AC inverter is connected.
Inverter is connected because it is AC load. From the
battery other side battery level indicator is used. This
indicator will help to show the battery level in LED
display. Battery is important in this project because
according to the battery level the load will be in ON
or OFF condition. This load is controlled by an
intelligent controller. According to the battery level
the controller will control the load.

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.4 (2015) pp.3952-3957
Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

Fig 7. Simulation Model

Fig 8. Battery Voltage Waveform

Fig 9. Battery Capacity in Percentage

Fig 10. Load Current Waveform

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Research India Publications;
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm

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10.1109/PSC.2014.6808111
[10] Mangunkusumo, K.G.H.; Lian, K.L.; Aditya, P.; Chang, Y.R.; Lee, Y.D.; Ho, Y.H., "A battery management system for a
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23-25
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2014
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10.1109/IGBSG.2014.6835277

VII. CONCLUSION
Thus a Battery Management system for effective
utilization of the Renewable energy source by
increasing the efficiency of the battery storage has
been implemented. ARM Processor based embedded
system acts as battery level indicator which
continuously monitors the status of the battery and
displays the available amount of Battery Capacity in
terms of percentage. Fuzzy logic controller monitors
the available amount of battery Capacity and
distributes to the load accordingly, thereby flexible
and efficient utilization of the Renewable energy
Source has been achieved.
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