Authors

Purpose

Created by Gay Miller

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Introduction
This is a lesson plan that I used for the TEAM evaluation process last year with a fifth grade class. I
cut out some state specific information to make it more user-friendly. Planning a single lesson for
the TEAM evaluation takes hours, so I hope that you will be able to use at least parts of the lesson.

The clipart on the cover is from My Cute Graphics

http://www.mycutegraphics.com/graphics/reading/kids-reading.html
The remainder of the clipart is Microsoft.

If you enjoyed this lesson please head over to my Teachers Pay Teachers store and rate it.
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Gay-Miller

Thank you,
Gay Miller

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Vocabulary for Word Wall

P persuade
I

inform

E entertain
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SF share feelings
SE share
experiences
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D describe
C communication
R report
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Hook
I need four volunteers to stand in the front of the room and share something with the class in 30 seconds or less
based on a topic I give you.
Share something that happened to you today.
Convince the class to do their homework.
Teach something.
Tell a joke.
Discussion
What was the purpose of each?

Essential Question
How does thinking about the author's purpose deepen your understanding of the material?

Definition
Every time you write whether it is a letter, e-mail, short story, poem, recipe, note, instructions, or even a
website article you should have a purpose in mind. Maybe you are writing a research paper and your
purpose is to report. If you are writing about your summer vacation your purpose might be to share an
experience you had with someone. People write for different purposes. Some include to entertain, to
inform, to share experiences, to persuade, and to report. You will learn about each of these.
Media is any way you can send out messages that will reach large numbers of people. The first form of
media was the newspaper. Television, radio, computers, video games, movies, and music are a few of
the ways information reaches large numbers of people today.
Sometimes the messages sent to the public are to communicate. Other times the purpose is to
entertain or pass on information. At other times the purpose may be to persuade a person into thinking
a certain way.
Every time an author writes, he or she has a purpose in mind. Writers usually write to persuade, inform,
entertain, share feelings, or describe. Understanding an authors purpose will help you interpret the
information you read.
Authors may have more than one purpose for writing. The authors purpose may be stated plainly or
readers may have to use reasoning skills to figure out the purpose.

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The Lesson
On pages 8-9 you will find the authors purpose organizer with illustrations. (I used this for the struggling
readers.) On pages 10-11 you will find the same organizer minus the illustrations. I began authors purpose with
eight mini lessons. Each day we would discuss the meaning, list examples, and the students would draw an
illustration on the flap of their organizers. Fact sheets for each purpose may be found on pages 12-19.

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Persuade means to try to convince someone to

think the same way you do. If readers changed
the way they thought about a topic or issue, one
of the authors purposes may have been to
persuade.

advertisements, newspaper editorials, junk mail,

posters, speeches, bumper stickers, billboards,
commercials

Inform means to give someone information about encyclopedias, school newsletters, instructions,
something. If students learn while they are
pamphlets from health clinics, maps, timelines,
reading, one of the authors purposes may have
schedules, charts, graphs
been to inform.

Entertain means to amuse someone. If readers

enjoyed what they read, one of the authors
purposes may have been to entertain.

fictional stories, comics, poems, jokes, riddles

Share feelings means to tell the reader what you

are thinking. Personal thoughts are told.

journals, diaries, letters

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Describe means to paint a picture in the readers

mind with words. Imagery is used to tell how
something smells, tastes, sounds, feels, and
looks.

travel brochure, wanted posters, most novels

contain this type of passage

Report is an account prepared for the benefit of

others, especially one that provides information
obtained through investigation.

news reports, book reviews, research papers, list

of information such as a medical report or police
report

Sharing experiences means to tell the reader

about something that has happened to you.

autobiographies, narratives

When you communicate you tell others your

thoughts, opinions, or information by speech,
writing, or signs.

cell phones, e-mail, signs with directions, call

outs from Mountain City Elementary, morning
announcements, bulletin boards

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Persuade means to try to convince someone to

think the same way you do.

Examples
advertisements, newspaper editorials, junk
mail, posters, editorials, campaign speeches,
bumper stickers, billboards, commercials

Inform means to give someone information about Examples

something
news reports, research papers,
encyclopedias, school newsletters,
instructions, pamphlets from health clinics,
maps, timelines, schedules, charts, graphs

Entertain means to amuse someone.

Examples
fictional stories, comics, poems, jokes,
riddles

Sharing feelings means to tell the reader what

you are thinking.

Examples
journals, diaries, letters

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Describe means to paint a picture in the readers

mind with words. Imagery is used to tell how
something smells, tastes, sounds, feels, and
looks.

Examples
travel brochures, wanted posters, most
novels contain descriptive passages

Report is an account prepared for the benefit of

others, especially one that provides information
obtained through investigation.

news reports, book reviews, research papers, list

of information such as a medical report or police
report

Sharing experiences means to tell the reader

about something that has happened to you.

autobiographies, narratives

When you communicate you tell others your

thoughts, opinions, or information by speech,
writing, or signs.

cell phones, e-mail, signs with directions, call

outs from Mountain City Elementary, morning
announcements, bulletin boards

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P (persuade)
Persuade means to try to convince someone to think the same way you do. If readers changed the way they
thought about a topic or issue, one of the authors purposes may have been to persuade.
For example
An advertisement might want you to buy something.
You might write a letter to persuade a friend to come spend the weekend with you.
You might write a speech to persuade your community to start a neighborhood watch program.
Examples
advertisements, newspaper editorials, junk mail, posters, campaign speeches, bumper stickers, billboards,
commercials

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I (inform)
Inform means to give someone information about something. If students learn while they are reading, one of
the authors purposes may have been to inform.
For example
A newspaper might give you information about a health issue.
A website might give you information about a movie, band, or something you are interested in.
A handout from school might give you information about an upcoming event.
Examples
encyclopedias, school newsletters, instructions, pamphlets from health clinics, maps, timelines, schedules,
charts, graphs

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E (entertain)
Entertain means to amuse someone.
If readers enjoyed what they read, one of the authors purposes may have been to entertain.
Examples
fictional stories, comics, poems, jokes, riddles

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S (share feelings)
Sharing feelings means to tell the reader what you are thinking. Personal thoughts are told.
Examples
journals, diaries, letters

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S (share experiences)
Sharing experiences means to tell the reader about something that has happened to you.
Examples
autobiographies, narratives

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D (describe)
Describe means to paint a picture in the readers mind with words. Imagery is used to tell how something smells,
tastes, sounds, feels, and looks. You will find many adjectives and adverbs in descriptive writing.
For example
A novel might want you to imagine a character in your minds eye.
A travel brochure may want you to see the country being described.
Examples
travel brochures, wanted posters, most novels contain descriptive passages

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R (report)
A report is an account prepared for the benefit of others, especially one that provides information obtained
through investigation.
For example
Crime Scene Investors write reports of their findings of the crime scene.
Doctors write medical reports about a patients checkup.
Students write reports in the form of research papers.
Examples
news reports, book reviews, research papers, list of information such as a medical report or police report

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C (communicate)
Communication is the telling of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs.
Examples
cell phones, e-mail, signs with directions, call outs from Mountain City Elementary, morning announcements,
bulletin boards

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The Lesson
Small Group Activity
Printable response cards for this activity may be found on pages 21-23
Match authors purpose (yellow) to
Definition (green) to
List of Examples (orange)

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This means to try to convince someone to think the same way

you do. If readers changed the way they thought about a topic
or issue, one of the authors purposes may have been this.
This means to give someone information about something.
If students learn while they are reading, one of the authors
purposes may have been this.
This means to amuse someone. If readers enjoyed what they
read, one of the authors purposes may have been this.
This means to tell the reader what you are thinking. Personal
thoughts are told.
This means to paint a picture in the readers mind with words.
Imagery is used to tell how something smells, tastes, sounds,
feels, and looks.
This is an account prepared for the benefit of others, especially
one that provides information obtained through investigation.
This is the telling of thoughts, opinions, or information by
speech, writing, or signs.
This means to tell the reader about something that has
happened to you.

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advertisements, newspaper editorials, junk mail, posters,

campaign speeches, bumper stickers, billboards, commercials
encyclopedias, school newsletters, instructions, pamphlets
from health clinics, maps, timelines, schedules, charts, graphs
fictional stories, comics, poems, jokes, riddles

journals, diaries, letters

autobiographies, narratives

travel brochure, wanted posters, most novels contain this

type of passage
news reports, book reviews, research papers, list of
information such as a medical report or police report
cell phones, e-mail, signs with directions, call outs from
Mountain City Elementary, morning announcements, bulletin
boards

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to entertain
to inform
to share experiences
to persuade
to report
to communicate
to share feelings
to describe
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Oral Practice
Use response cards to tell the authors purpose.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

14.
15.
16.

17.
18.

a sales ad wanting you to purchase a motorcycle

the list of movies showing in your town and the times
comic strips
diary entry
a television commercial for toothpaste
a letter to the editor explaining the need to recycle more
a research paper about George Washington
The young girl happily dug her toes in the warm, moist sand as she watched two sea gulls dip into the
beautiful, blue waves. The rolling waves shimmered as the bright, midday sun gleamed brightly on the
sand.
an e-mail to tell your friend to meet you at 8:00
bus schedule
a fairy tale
fire safety brochure
Excerpt from Hatchet
Then a wild crashing sound, ripping of metal, and the plane rolled to the right and blew through the
trees, out over the water and down, down to slam into the lake, skip once on water as hard as concrete,
water that tore the windshield out and shattered the side windows, water that drove him back into the
seat. Somebody was screaming, screaming as the plane drove down into the water. Someone screamed
tight animal screams of fear and pain and he did not know that it was his sound, that he roared against
the water that took him and the plane still deeper, down into the water. He saw nothing but sensed
blue, cold blue-green, and he raked at the seatbelt catch, tore his nails loose on one hand. He ripped at
it until it released and somehow - the water trying to kill him, to end him - somehow he pulled himself
out of the shattered front window and clawed up into the blue, felt something hold him back, felt his
windbreaker tear and he was free. Tearing free. Ripping free.
I loved Grandfather Mountain! We went as a church trip. It was fun and I saw new things I have never
seen. We're going back next year for sure. Lots more are going and looking forward to it.
Christina
MICE FOR SALE:: We have a large selection of mice for sale this week.. . .
Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Kentucky. When he was seven he moved to Indiana. He
attended a real school for only one year. Abe taught himself to read and write. By the age of 17 Abe was
working for local farmers. Around 1830 his family moved to Illinois. Abe was a good speaker. In 1834 he
decided to get into politics. He ran for the Illinois State Legislature and won. Abe then became a lawyer
while he was in the state legislature. He opened his own law office. Abe ran against Stephen Douglas for
Senator and lost. Two years later he ran against Douglas again for President and won.
A policemans formal written notes about evidence found at a crime scene
Weather forecaster on the television telling you to take your umbrella because it will be rainy

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Written Practice
1. ______________________

a poster about a community walk-a-thon for charity

2. ______________________

appointment card from the dentist

3. ______________________

A message on Twitter exclaiming your what you thought about

President Obamas speech

4. ______________________

an advertisement for Coca-Cola

5. ______________________

a book report

6. ______________________

share the road sign

7. ______________________

a post card from your friend from Hawaii

8. ______________________

Sally Paiges amazing Wrinkle Remover cream will make you look
younger in thirty days or less. . . .

9. ______________________

knock-knock jokes

10. ______________________

an e-mail that tells a friend you are going to be late

11. ______________________

step by step recipe

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Writing Activity ~ Explanation of Project

I have taken the topic of school buses and written two or three examples for each of the following:
Persuade
Inform
Entertain
Describe
Share
I want you to judge the examples to determine which example for each is the best.
Persuade
1. The Johnson County School System is retiring six school buses. You may purchase one of
these buses for just $1000. The buses are wonderful for church youth groups or clubs to
take large groups on outings. Just imagine the fun you could have on one of these buses.
2. Would you like to buy a school bus? You could take it camping. I like to go camping. One
time I went to Watauga Lake and camped out. I went fishing. You could go too if you buy
this school bus.
Inform
1. School buses look different from other kinds of buses. They are yellow. They have a sign that
tells cars to stop and let the children get off to go home. Thousands of school buses drive
kids to school every day.
2. Approximately 480,000 yellow school buses carry 25 million children to and from school
every weekday. Over half of the country's student population is transported by school bus.
School buses are yellow because yellow gets your attention faster than any other color.
People notice yellow objects first.
Entertain
1. It was the first day of school, after summer vacation and time for Sam to pick up the
children in his school bus and take them home again.
After he had made the complete run that afternoon, one little boy remained on the bus.
Thinking he had simply missed his stop, Sam started driving slowly back through the
neighborhood and asked him to be sure to let him know if any of the houses or people
looked familiar. The boy sat in his seat contentedly and shook his head whenever Sam asked
him if he recognized a person or place.
After the second unsuccessful tour of the area, Sam started back to the school to ask for his
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address. When they arrived, the child got off the bus and started walking away.
"Wait!" Sam called. "We have to go inside and find out where you live."
"I live right there," the boy said, pointing to a house across the street.
"I just always wanted to ride in a school bus."
2. Once upon a time when Sally was in kindergarten she rode the school bus. She rode the
school bus in first grade too. Sally hated riding the school bus. One time she cried and didnt
want to get on the bus. Her mom took her to school.
3. The other day on the bus, the kids were telling knock-knock jokes. One little boy was getting
a little crazy with it so I said, "Knock Knock."
He said, "Who's there?"
I said, "Police."
He said, "Police who?"
I said, "Police sit down in your seat and be quiet."
He thought this was funny and obeyed.
Describe
1. It is yellow. It is dirty and needs to be washed. It goes fast down the road. It stops to pick of kids.
The wheels are black and go round and round. I ride on a bus to school. Do you like to ride on a
bus?
2. The big, yellow school bus bounced, let out a cough, and groaned as it rambled down the gravel
road. The outside was covered with a film of dust from its daily journey. Hundreds of tiny hand
prints covered the exterior. Messages like, Wash me, and I heart you, blanketed its exterior.
Even with all its dirt and stinky smells I loved that old bus.
Share Experience OR Share Feelings
1. I ride the bus to school every day. Sometimes I sit next to my friend Michael. He makes me
laugh. I get home about 4:00.
2. On the last day of my first year at school, I was lost; I was sad. I wouldn't get to ride the bus
again until September. . . ..until second grade. . . . .an eternity.
When Mr. Jones stopped the bus at my house, I started down the steps. Then turned
around, ran back up, kissed him on the cheek, and ran back down again. I could hear the
sound of that whole bus full of cool high-schoolers roaring with laughter.

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Group Writing Activity

Now you are going to have your turn to write about a chosen topic. You will write using one of the following :

Persuade
Inform
Entertain
Share Feeling or Share Experiences
Describe

In a moment you will move into groups according to your color. Take paper, a pencil, and your organizer
notebook.
You will draw a number from the group leader. The student who draws number 1 may choose first from
one of the five author purposes listed:
Persuade
Inform
Entertain
Share Feeling
Describe
Number 2 will choose next, and so on until each member of the group has a different purpose. The group
recorder will write down everyones choice.
You will have 20 minutes to write one paragraph about your topic based on the authors purpose you
have chosen.
Everyone in the group is to write his/her own paragraph; however, group members must help each
other with ideas, spelling, proofreading, etc.
Your writing topic is doughnuts. Yes, you will be able to eat these after we finish the lesson.

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Doughnut Paragraphs for Recorder

To describe

To inform

________________________________________

________________________________________

To persuade

________________________________________

To entertain

________________________________________

To share feeling or share an experience _____________________________

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Doughnut Facts
Dunkin' Donuts largest - 6,000 stores in 30
countries world-wide!
In U.S. - over 4,400 locations - across 36 states
Winchell's House of Donuts created largest
doughnut - weighed 5000 pounds and stood 95
feet in diameter
In U.S. - more than 10 billion donuts made every
year
National Donut Day - celebrated - first Friday in
June.
1917 - Salvation Army female volunteers prepared thousands of fresh donuts to the
homesick soldiers that served in France during
World War I
Louisville - donut capital of the U.S.
Americas favorite donut flavor glazed, next
chocolate, powdered sugar and plain

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Words Describing Doughnuts

tasty
delicious
frosted
soft
fattening
yummy
creamy
inviting
delicious
dreamy
moist
sugary
luscious
soft, crispy doughnut
sweet chocolate icing spread out evenly over the top
sweet creamy custard filling on the inside
cinnamon powder
sticky
gooey
fresh
still warm
mouth-watering
moist
appetizing
scrumptious
enjoyable
delightful
satisfying
syrupy
candied
sugar coated
sugared
delectable

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Student Examples from Our Writing Project

Persuade by Patience
Dunkin Donuts has some fabulous chocolate doughnuts. Come on down. For only $1.00 you get
two doughnuts of your choice. You might even get one for free. Michael Jordan said, They are
great! Come on down today.

Entertain by Ryan
Have you ever seen Chicago covered with bits of doughnuts? I have. Heres what happened. I was
walking out of the Trump Building with my friend Ty. All of a sudden a missile flew by my head. I
ran as fast as a Lamborghini to hide behind a parked car. I peeked around the car to see a
doughnut trunk. Out of the back of the truck was the cannon that had shot the missile. The army
and marines drove towards the doughnut truck. A small group of marines aimed their gun barrel at
the doughnut truck and shot a missile. Pieces of donuts flew everywhere.

Describe by Cassie
I was jubilant to go to Krispie Kreme to have my birthday party. Just thinking about the doughnuts
made my stomach growl. When I walked into the shop, the delicious smell made me anxious to
gobble them up. As I looked into the case, I saw millions of doughnuts. Some were yellow with
lemon jelly inside. Others were chocolate with multicolored sprinkles. Glazed, strawberry, cake
style, and twisted doughnuts made my mouth water. After an hour of contemplating, I chose
strawberry. As I inhaled the luscious scent, I couldnt think straight. The sticky, squishy icing
smeared all over my fingers as I put it to my mouth. It was the most wonderful thing I have ever
tasted. Donuts rule!

Inform by Christina Norris

Americans love doughnuts so much that they have created a special day to remember doughnuts.
National Donut Day is celebrated the first Friday in June.
A lot of people eat doughnuts. Dunkin Donuts is the largest doughnut chain with 6,000 stores in 30
countries world-wide. In the U.S. over 4,400 Dunkin Donut stores are located across 36 states.
Americans favorite flavor of doughnut is glazed. Other popular flavors include chocolate, powdered
sugar, and plain.

Persuade by James
Eat at Dunkin Donuts. They are really fantastic. Biting into a donut is better than playing with a
Transformer. For a limited time they are only 39 for $17.99. For an extra $5.00 you will get five
more doughnuts. That is 44 donuts for $22.99. That is all! Come on by and get yourself some
donuts!

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Share Experience by Emma

I loved going to Ginnys Doughnut Shop every morning for breakfast. Just walking in the shop
made me feel like a rainbow of happiness. I loved the chocolate or raspberry filled the best. When I
would bite into the doughnuts my mouth would water. The warm and tasty feeling was better than
skateboarding. The taste was golden in my mouth.

Describe by Kaitlin
The hot, yummy, delicious donuts melt in your mouth! Some are spotted with sprinkles and
whipped cream. You can also eat soft, gooey glazed or melt in your mouth chocolate. The smell is
like being in a room full of butterscotch candles! When you take a bite, you feel like you are in
heaven.

Entertain by Ty
I walked into the Krispie Kreme Doughnut store looking for fantastic, chocolate doughnut filled with
cream. I bought ten. I sat down to gobble them up. I could smell fresh, tasty treat. My mouth went
crazy. As I took a bite the cream squirted in my nose. When I looked up with my nose full of
cream, you wont believe who I saw, Sarah, my girlfriend. I was so embarrassed I left Krispie
Kreme without eating my doughnuts.

Share Experience by Rheshana

We went to the Krispie Kreme and ordered some delectable, crispy donuts. One was chocolate with
moist cream. Another was blue with white and pink sprinkles. It tasted sugary. I put my finger in
the middle and pulled it out with chocolate. It was sticky but delicious. It was so yummy; I gobbled
it down. I thought I had eaten all the donuts. Then I spotted another one. It was covered with
powdered sugar. When I bit into it, chocolate poured on my lips. Going to Krispie Kreme was even
more fun than feeding the horses.

Inform by Ian
Did you know that billions of donuts are made every year? Here are the top loving donut cities:
Cincinnati, Ohio; Roanoke, Virginia; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Indianapolis, Indiana. Hostess uses
over 10 million pounds of powdered sugar every year. More than 168 million pounds of chocolate is
produced for doughnuts. Dunkin Donuts has over 1700 locations in 29 countries and over 6,000
stores in 30 countries worldwide.

Share Experience by Dustin

My class had doughnuts to celebrate Halloween. When I looked at the donuts, my mouth started to
water. They looked delicious with the sprinkles on top. When I picked one up, it was sticky and
sugary. I slowly took a tasty bite that melted in my mouth. Soon my face was covered with
chocolate icing. I loved the Halloween festival, but before long I bouncing off the walls from the
chocolate and sugar.

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Share Experience by Maddie

On a cool, sunny day my mom brought home chocolate donuts. I was asleep, but I woke up from
the smell. I was so excited than when I ran downstairs, I slipped and hit the ground. I got up, ran
to the donuts, and I tried to grab one. My mom slapped my hand and said, No! These are for your
father. I started lying down on the floor and I yelled, Why? Why? The humility!

Persuade by Kristina
You are persuaded to buy donuts when you are watching a TV commercial like this one.
Go to Krispie Kreme for a fantastic doughnut. They have the yummiest and moist donuts in the
whole world. For just $1.00 you can get four delicious, chocolaty, marvelous treats. Come on
down, and Ill see you there.

Share Experience by Michael

I went to Dustins birthday party, and we ate sticky, messy donuts. The delicious looking
doughnuts made me want to gobble them down. Picking one up, made my hands messy. I shoved
one in my mouth, but icing splatter on my face. I looked like the donut monster.

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Reflection
Venn diagram. List the eight different authors purposes in the correct locations on the diagram. (NOTE: This is a part of the Tennessee Standards.)

Literature
__________________________________
___________________________________

All Three
_________________________________
_________________________________

______________________________

Media
_____________________________

Writing
_____________________________
_____________________________

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Answer Keys
Oral Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

P (persuade) a sales ad wanting you to purchase a motorcycle

I (inform) the list of movies showing in your town and the times
E (entertain) comic strips
S F (share feelings) Dear Diary,
P (persuade) a television commercial for toothpaste
P (persuade) a letter to the editor explaining the need to recycle more
I (inform)or R (report) a research paper about George Washington
D (describe) Myrtle Beach
C (communication) an e-mail
I (inform) bus schedule
E (entertain) a fairy tale
I (inform) OR C (communication) fire safety brochure
D (describe)OR E (entertain) Excerpt from Hatchet
SE (share experiences) Grandfather Mountain
I (inform) Abraham Lincoln report
P(persuade) mice for sale
R (report) policemans notes
C (communication) Weather forecaster

Written Practice
1. I (inform) OR P (persuade) a poster about a community walk-a-thon for charity
2. I (inform) appointment card from the dentist
3. S F (share feelings) Twitter
4. P (persuade) an advertisement for Coca-Cola
5. R (report) a book report
6. C (communication) Share the road sign
7. S E (share experiences) a post card from your friend from Hawaii
8. P (persuade) Wrinkle Remover cream ad
9. E (entertain) Knock-knock jokes
10. C (communication) an e-mail that tells a friend you are going to be late
11. I (inform) step by step recipe

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Writing
Share Feelings
Describe
Persuade
Inform
Entertain

Media
Communicate

Literature
Share Experiences
Report

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If you enjoyed this unit try some of the following. Just

click on the title to go to the item at Teachers Pay
Teachers.

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Credits: Font and Clipart

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