Anexo 1 - Indice Global de Competitividad Comparativo entre Per y Singapur

Per

Key indicators
Total population (millions), 2007
Superficie (Km2)
GDP (US$ billions), 2007
GDP per capita (US$), 2007
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total, 2007

Global Competitiveness Index

Singapur
28.8

4.4

1,285,215

693.0

109.1

161.3

3,885.9

35,162.9

0.33

0.34

Rank

Score

Rank

(out of 134)

(1-7)

(out of 134)

Score
(1-7)

GCI 20082009 (out of 134)

83

3.95

GCI 20072008 (out of 131)

86

3.87

GCI 20062007 (out of 122)

74

3.94

GCI 20052006 (out of 117)

68

3.66

GCI 20042005 (out of 104)

67

3.78

GCI 20032004 (out of 102)

57

GCI 20022003 (out of 80)

54

GCI 20012002 (out of 75)

55

Basic requirements

94

4.0

6.1

1st pillar: Institutions

101

3.5

6.2

2nd pillar: Infrastructure

110

2.5

6.4

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic stability

67

5.0

21

5.7

4th pillar: Health and primary education

95

5.1

16

6.2

Efficiency enhancers

69

4.0

5.5

5th pillar: Higher education and training

89

3.6

5.6

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

61

4.2

5.8

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

75

4.3

5.7

8th pillar: Financial market sophistication

45

4.7

5.9

9th pillar: Technological readiness

87

3.0

5.6

10th pillar: Market size

50

4.2

41

4.4

Innovation and sophistication factors

83

3.4

11

5.2

11th pillar: Business sophistication

67

4.1

14

5.3

110

2.7

11

5.1

12th pillar: Innovation

Innovation
Business sophistication

Institutions
7

Infrastructure
Macroeconomic stability

2
Market size

Technological readiness

Health
-3
and primary education

Higher education and training

Financial market sophistication

Goods market efficiency
Labor market efficiency

5.53

5.45

5.63

5.48

5.56

Innovation
Business sophistication

Institutions
7

Infrastructure
Macroeconomic stability

2
Market size

Health
-3
and primary education

Technological readiness

Higher education and training

Financial market sophistication

Goods market efficiency
Labor market efficiency

Per

Singapur

Anexo 2 - Principales Factores Problemas para Hacer Negocios

Comparativo entre Per y Singapur
Factores
Restrictive labor regulations
Inefficient government bureaucracy
Inadequate supply of infrastructure
Corruption
Tax regulations
Policy instability
Tax rates
Inadequately educated workforce
Access to financing
Crime and theft
Poor work ethic in national labor force
Inflation
Poor public health
Foreign currency regulations
Government instability/coups

Per
18.8
16.9
15.5
12.4
8.0
7.2
6.9
4.9
3.2
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.7
0.3

Singapur
10.3
2.2
5.9
0.1
7.6
0.8
9.4
14.7
5.2
0.2
6.4
35.4
0.6
1.3
-

The most problematic factor for doing business

Government instability/coups

Per

Foreign currency regulations

Singapur

Poor public health

Inflation
Poor work ethic in national labor force
Crime and theft
Access to financing
Inadequately educated workforce
Tax rates
Policy instability
Tax regulations
Corruption
Inadequate supply of infrastructure
Inefficient government bureaucracy
Restrictive labor regulations
-

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

Anexo 3 - Ranking Comparativo de GCI entre Per y Singapur a Nivel Detalle

Indicador

Per

Singapur

Dif

1.01 Property rights

1.02 Intellectual property protection

102
121

4
2

(98)
(119)

1.03 Diversion of public funds

1.04 Public trust of politicians
1.05 Judicial independence
1.06 Favoritism in decisions of government officials
1.07 Wastefulness of government spending
1.08 Burden of government regulation
1.09 Efficiency of legal framework
1.10 Transparency of government policymaking
1.11 Business costs of terrorism

70
102
114
79
63
123
115
96
102

5
1
15
4
1
1
2
1
76

(65)
(101)
(99)
(75)
(62)
(122)
(113)
(95)
(26)

1.12 Business costs of crime and violence

1.13 Organized crime
1.14 Reliability of police services
1.15 Ethical behavior of firms
1.16 Strength of auditing and reporting standards
1.17 Efficacy of corporate boards
1.18 Protection of minority shareholders interests
2nd pillar: Infrastructure

113
99
123
92
68
50
65

9
8
6
5
7
6
8

(104)
(91)
(117)
(87)
(61)
(44)
(57)

2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure

2.02 Quality of roads
2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure
2.04 Quality of port infrastructure
2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure
2.06 Available seat kilometers
2.07 Quality of electricity supply
2.08 Telephone lines
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic stability

113
99
90
127
94
48
69
96

2
3
10
1
1
17
13
30

(111)
(96)
(80)
(126)
(93)
(31)
(56)
(66)

3.01 Government surplus/deficit

3.02 National savings rate*
3.03 Inflation*
3.04 Interest rate spread*
3.05 Government debt*
4th pillar: Health and primary education

27
43
16
126
48

9
6
24
59
121

(18)
(37)
8
(67)
73

4.01 Business impact of malaria

4.02 Malaria incidence*

81
105

56
1

(25)
(104)

4.03 Business impact of tuberculosis

4.04 Tuberculosis incidence*
4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS
4.06 HIV prevalence
4.07 Infant mortality
4.08 Life expectancy
4.09 Quality of primary education
4.10 Primary enrollment
4.11 Education expenditure
5th pillar: Higher education and training
5.01 Secondary enrollment*
5.02 Tertiary enrollment*
5.03 Quality of the educational system
5.04 Quality of math and science education
5.05 Quality of management schools
5.06 Internet access in schools
5.07 Local availability of research and training services
5.08 Extent of staff training

94
97
81
79
80
55
133
42
111

29
46
19
50
2
12
3
38
110

(65)
(51)
(62)
(29)
(78)
(43)
(130)
(4)
(1)

46
58
133
133
57
87
86
93

21
31
2
2
7
9
13
3

(25)
(27)
(131)
(131)
(50)
(78)
(73)
(90)
Dif

Indicador
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
6.01 Intensity of local competition
6.02 Extent of market dominance
6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy
6.04 Extent and effect of taxation
6.05 Total tax rate*
6.06 No. of procedures required to start a business*
6.07 Time required to start a business*
6.08 Agricultural policy costs
6.09 Prevalence of trade barriers
6.10 Trade-weighted tariff rate*
6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership
6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI
6.13 Burden of customs procedures
6.14 Degree of customer orientation
6.15 Buyer sophistication
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations
7.02 Flexibility of wage determination
7.03 Non-wage labor costs
7.04 Rigidity of employment
7.05 Hiring and firing practices
7.06 Firing costs*
7.07 Pay and productivity
7.08 Reliance on professional management
7.09 Brain drain
7.10 Female participation in labor force*
8th pillar: Financial market sophistication
8.01 Financial market sophistication
8.02 Financing through local equity market
8.03 Ease of access to loans
8.04 Venture capital availability
8.05 Restriction on capital flows
8.06 Strength of investor protection*
8.07 Soundness of banks
8.08 Regulation of securities exchanges
8.09 Legal rights index*
9th pillar: Technological readiness
9.01 Availability of latest technologies
9.02 Firm-level technology absorption
9.03 Laws relating to ICT
9.04 FDI and technology transfer
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers*
9.06 Internet users*
9.07 Personal computers*
9.08 Broadband Internet subscribers*
10th pillar: Market size
10.01 Domestic market size*
10.02 Foreign market size*
11th pillar: Business sophistication
11.01 Local supplier quantity
11.02 Local supplier quality
11.03 State of cluster development
11.04 Nature of competitive advantage
11.05 Value chain breadth
11.06 Control of international distribution
11.07 Production process sophistication
11.08 Extent of marketing
11.09 Willingness to delegate authority
12th pillar: Innovation
12.01 Capacity for innovation
12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions
12.03 Company spending on R&D
12.04 University-industry research collaboration
12.05 Govt procurement of advanced tech products
12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers
12.07 Utility patents

Per

Singapur

47
81
63
74
62
75
114
51
59
79
19
30
94
65
49

30
11
20
5
10
9
4
2
2
3
3
2
1
10
9

(17)
(70)
(43)
(69)
(52)
(66)
(110)
(49)
(57)
(76)
(16)
(28)
(93)
(55)
(40)

87
28
30
112
94
81
92
57
69
71

2
4
46
1
2
7
2
8
13
83

(85)
(24)
16
(111)
(92)
(74)
(90)
(49)
(56)
12

54
52
53
56
29
15
42
35
72

10
18
11
12
7
2
13
7
3

(44)
(34)
(42)
(44)
(22)
(13)
(29)
(28)
(69)

113
89
82
44
95
56
61
63

14
13
3
1
15
15
8
22

(99)
(76)
(79)
(43)
(80)
(41)
(53)
(41)

45
55

53
11

8
(44)

52
54
73
93
79
74
79
54
61

44
22
3
16
14
57
14
17
15

(8)
(32)
(70)
(77)
(65)
(17)
(65)
(37)
(46)

86
121
80
107
112
103
77

19
13
10
5
1
22
11

(67)
(108)
(70)
(102)
(111)
(81)
(66)

Indicador
3.05 Government debt*
7.03 Non-wage labor costs
7.10 Female participation in labor force*
3.03 Inflation*
10.01 Domestic market size*
4.11 Education expenditure
4.10 Primary enrollment
11.01 Local supplier quantity
8.06 Strength of investor protection*
6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership
6.01 Intensity of local competition
11.06 Control of international distribution
3.01 Government surplus/deficit
1.08 Burden of government regulation
2.04 Quality of port infrastructure
4.09 Quality of primary education
5.03 Quality of the educational system
5.04 Quality of math and science education

Per
48
30
71
16
45
111
42
52
15
19
47
74
27
123
127
133
133
133

Singapur
121
46
83
24
53
110
38
44
2
3
30
57
9
1
1
3
2
2

Dif
73
16
12
8
8
(1)
(4)
(8)
(13)
(16)
(17)
(17)
(18)
(122)
(126)
(130)
(131)
(131)