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acknowledged). All Modbus commands contain checksum information, to allow the recipient to detect transmission errors. The basic Modbus commands can instruct
an RTU to change the value in one of its registers, control or read an I/O port, and command the device to send
back one or more values contained in its registers.
There are many modems and gateways that support Modbus, as it is a very simple protocol and often copied. Some
of them were specically designed for this protocol. Difdeveloped with industrial applications in mind
ferent implementations use wireline, wireless communication, such as in the ISM band, and even short message
openly published and royalty-free
service (SMS) or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).
One of the more common designs of wireless networks
easy to deploy and maintain
makes use of Mesh networking. Typical problems that
designers have to overcome include high latency and timmoves raw bits or words without placing many reing issues.
strictions on vendors
Address, function, data, and LRC are all capital hexadecimal readable pairs of characters representing 8-bit values (0-255). For example, 122 (7x16+10) will be represented as 7A.
LRC is calculated as the sum of 8-bit values, negated
(twos complement) and encoded as an 8-bit value. Example: if address, function, and data encode as 247, 3,
1
Requests and responses follow frame formats described Value of each coil is binary (0 for o, 1 for on). First
above. This section gives details of data formats of most requested coil is stored as least signicant bit of rst byte
in request.
used function codes.
If number of coils is not a multiple of 8, most signicant
bit(s) of last byte should be stued with zeros. See exam4.1 Function code 1 (read coils) and func- ple for function codes 1 and 2.
Normal response:
tion code 2 (read discrete inputs)
Request:
Address of rst coil/discrete input to read (16-bit)
Number of coils/discrete inputs to read (16-bit)
Normal response:
4.8
4.5
Request:
Address of holding register to preset/write (16-bit)
New value of the holding register (16-bit)
Normal response: same as request.
4.6
Request:
Entity numbers combine entity type and entity location within their description table
Entity address is the starting address, a 16-bit value
in the data part of the Modbus frame. As such its
range goes from 0 to 65,535
In the traditional standard, numbers for those entities start
with a digit, followed by a number of four digits in range
1 - 9,999:
coils numbers start with a zero and then span from
00001 to 09999
discrete input numbers start with a one and then span
from 10001 to 19999
New values of holding registers (16 bits per register) This translates into addresses between 0 and 9,998 in data
frames.
Because the number of bytes for register values is 8-bit For example, in order to read holding registers starting at
wide, only 128 holding registers can be preset/written at number 40001, corresponding address in the data frame
once.
will be 0 with a function code of 3 (as seen above). For
holding registers starting at number 40100, address will
Normal response:
be 99. Etc.
This limits the number of addresses to 9,999 for each en Address of rst preset/written holding register (16- tity. A de facto referencing extends this to the maximum
bit)
of 65,536.[8]
It
simply consists of adding one digit to the previous list:
number of preset/written holding registers (16-bit)
4.7
Exception responses
When using the extended referencing, all number references must be exactly six digits. This avoids confusion
between coils and other entities. For example, to know
the dierence between holding register #40001 and coil
#40001, if coil #40001 is the target, it must appear as
#040001.
5.1
JBUS mapping
[9]
Implementations
Almost all implementations have variations from the ofcial standard. Dierent varieties might not communicate correctly between equipment of dierent suppliers.
Some of the most common variations are:
Data types
MODBUS PLUS
7 Limitations
Since Modbus was designed in the late 1970s to
communicate to programmable logic controllers,
the number of data types is limited to those understood by PLCs at the time. Large binary objects are
not supported.
No standard way exists for a node to nd the description of a data object, for example, to determine if a
register value represents a temperature between 30
and 175 degrees.
Since Modbus is a master/slave protocol, there is no
way for a eld device to report by exception (except over Ethernet TCP/IP, called open-mbus)- the
master node must routinely poll each eld device,
and look for changes in the data. This consumes
bandwidth and network time in applications where
bandwidth may be expensive, such as over a low-bitrate radio link.
Modbus is restricted to addressing 254 devices on
one data link, which limits the number of eld devices that may be connected to a master station (once
again Ethernet TCP/IP being an exception).
Modbus transmissions must be contiguous which
limits the types of remote communications devices
to those that can buer data to avoid gaps in the
transmission.
Modbus protocol itself provides no security against
unauthorized commands or interception of data.[12]
8 Trade group
Modbus Organization, Inc. is a trade association for the
promotion and development of Modbus protocol.[2]
9 Modbus Plus
Despite the name, Modbus Plus[13] is not a variant of
Modbus. It is a dierent protocol, involving token passing.
It is a proprietary specication of Schneider Electric,
though it is unpublished rather than patented. It is normally implemented using a custom chipset available only
to partners of Schneider.
10
References
[1] Drury, Bill (2009). Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook (PDF) (2nd ed.). Institution of Engineering and Technology. pp. 508. (subscription required
(help)).
[4] About Modbus Organization. Modbus. Modbus Organization, Inc. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
[5] Modbus Messaging On TCP/IP Implementation Guide
(PDF). Modbus Organization. Modbus-IDA.
[6] Modbus Application Protocol V1.1b3 (PDF). Modbus.
Modbus Organization, Inc. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
[7] Clarke, Gordon; Reynders, Deon (2004). Practical Modern Scada Protocols: Dnp3, 60870.5 and Related Systems.
Newnes. pp. 4751. ISBN 0-7506-5799-5.
[8] Modbus 101 - Introduction to Modbus. Control Solutions, Inc.
[9] Dierences between JBUS and MODBUS protocols.
Schneider Electric.
[10] RENAULT AUTOMATION MERLIN GERIN ET
CIE. French Corporate.
[11] 900 Series JBUS and MODBUS Digital Communications Handbook. Eurotherm Control.
[12] Palmer; Shenoi, Sujeet, eds. (2325 March 2009). Critical Infrastructure Protection III. Third IFIP WG 11. 10
International Conference. Hanover, New Hampshire:
Springer. p. 87. ISBN 3-642-04797-1.
[13] Modbus Plus - Modbus Plus Network - Products
overview - Schneider Electric United States. Schneiderelectric.com. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
11
Further reading
12
External links
13
13
13.1
Modbus Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modbus?oldid=677421246 Contributors: Matusz, Komap, Glenn, MariusG, Eadric, Moriori, Faught, Bobblewik, Funvill, Frau Holle, CALR, Bert490, Femto, Spalding, Remuel, Billymac00, Giraedata, Hooperbloob, Guy Harris,
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