Zte GSM Counters Kpis

ZTE GERAN Counters & KPIs
ZTE University
Objectives
At the end of this course, you will be able to:
Master ZTE traffic statistic function

Understand the meaning of common-used traffic
statistic indices
Master the methods to analyze and locate the network
problems by the way of traffic statistic analysis
Contents
Overview of traffic statistic

Traffic statistic KPI
Locate and analyze network problems
Traffic statistic analysis instance
Introduction of ZTE traffic statistic

Traffic
statistic
Alarm
statistic
Performance
index
Measurement
statistic
CS traffic
measurement
PS traffic
measurement
KPI of CS traffic statistic
Primal indices
SDCCH congestion rate

SDCCH assignment success
rate
SDCCH call drop rate
TCH congestion rate
TCH assignment success rate
TCH call drop rate
Handover success rate
Random access success rate
Paging success rate
Integrated indices
Traffic call drop rate

Bad cell rate
TCH allocation rate
Radio access success rate
KPI of PS traffic statistic
TBF
UL TBF Establishment Success Rate

DL TBF Establishment Success Rate
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
UL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
DL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
UL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
DL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
KPI of PS traffic statistic
LLC
DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate

DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC EDGE Data Frame Discard Rate
Throughput
UL GPRS Throughput
DL GPRS Throughput
UL EDGE Throughput
DL EDGE Throughput
CS traffic measurement
Assignment Measurement
1
Assignment counter describers the assignment process. As many

attempts can be made if no channel is available in the first assignment
attempt, it is necessary to make a completed description of the whole
assignment process instead of the assignment processes of TCH/F or
TCH/H. These counters are used to analyze influences of forced
release, queuing and directed retry, to assignment success rate from
the viewpoint of calling.
Handover cause measurement
2
Handover cause counter is used for checking MS handover causes.

According to cell radio environment and BSC settings, handover
algorithm judgment module can carry out handover due to several
different handover causes, so as to realize functions such as
optimizing resource usage, improving call quality and rescuing calls.
Call drop measurement
3
Channels that take part in the measurement statistic include SDCCH,

TCH/F and TCH/H. Service types include signaling, voice and data.
Counted call drop causes include RMM losses contact with SMM,
BTS radio link failure, LAPD link failure, OMCR forced release, forced
release by other calls, handover failure, as well as other failure.
Radio resource available measurement
4
Radio resource available measurement counters count the number,

mean number and the maximum busy number of available SDCCH,
TCH/H and TCH/F, as well as total busy and congestion time of these
channels in the cell.
General handover measurement
5
General handover counter is used to find out MS handover successes,

failures, and frequency of abnormal events during handover. After
configured with inter-system handover or concentric circle, general
handover counter is also used to find out inter-cell traffic sharing to
improve the wireless planning.
Adjacent cell handover measurement
6
Adjacent cell handover counter is used to record the number of

outgoing handover or incoming handover so as to find out the
handover between the cell and its adjacent cell which lays a basis for
configuration of adjacent cell and improves service quality of the cell
through handover.
Radio access measurement
7
Radio access counter is mainly used to observe MS radio random

access process as the reference of radio access parameter
adjustment, signaling channel allocation strategy, etc. Several
possible causes of radio access are listed here. Access statistics
related to GPRS is not listed here but in the category of other access
request temporarily.
The number of access request is that of receiving Channel Required
message; the number of successful access process is that of sending
Immediate Assignment message.
Radio measurement
8
Radio measurement items mainly include UL/DL quality, signal

strength, TA, interference band and RQ value of radio channels. The
UL/DL quality, signal strength, TA and RQ value are counted after
measurement report or pre-processing measurement report sent by
BTS is received; BSC updates interference band status in database
after receiving measurement report or pre-processing measurement
report. The value of interference band can be inquired in database
when periodical measurement is reported.
Sub cell statistics
9
Sub cell statistics counter is used to find out operation status of the sub
cell in radio environment. It focuses on inter-sub-cell handover and
relevant counting at the second sub cell so as to check traffic
absorption condition by the second sub cell.
MS TA measurement
10
MS TA counters are used to check the value of TA in MS measurement

reports. TA can reflect the relative location of MS in the cell. If most of
the TAs are in very high level, network planning should be remade,
such as, increasing the site density.
SAPI3 measurement
11
MO-SM is short message of mobile originating call; MT-SM is short

messages of mobile terminating call. In conversation status, the MS
can receive point-to-point message so the mobile caller maybe the
other side of receiving short message at one time. On the wireless
side, short message could be transmitted by the following five
channels: SACCH/F, SACCH/H, SDCCH, FACCHF and FACCHH. So
far the statistics counting has been realized by the channel of
SACCH/F, SACCH/H and SDCCH.
TRX measurement
12
TRX measurement is to measure the success or failure condition of

channel activation, assignment, and handover in the unit of carrier. It
also can measure carrier interference band, maximum and minimum
UL & DL level condition, to learn the status of different carriers,
providing evidence for adjustment and maintenance.
Timeslot measurement
13
Timeslot counters are used to view the radio transceiver environment

of a MS in a particular timeslot, including the link quality and strength
in the timeslot. These data is sent to Network side through
measurement report. If signal strength in some timeslots is weak, then
it can be improved by changing send and receive power.
SDCCH measurement
14
SDCCH counters describe allocation, occupation, assignment, use of

resources related to SDCCH, which as SDCCH configuration and
parameters adjustment basis. Allocation of SDCCH is mainly in the
process of immediate assignment and handover. Handover includes
internal and external handover. The statistic unit in this measurement
is cell.
TCH/F measurement & TCH/H measurement
15
In GSM BSC signaling system, allocation and usage of TCH/F(TCH/H)

channel mainly exist in assignment and handover flow, where
assignment flow includes immediate assignment and common
assignment; handover flow includes internal and external handover.
Abis interface message counter measurement
16
Abis interface message measurement is mainly for all kinds of

messages of Abis interface to count. It is convenient to find out the
frequency of all kinds of messages transmitting on Abis interface.
When BSC receives the messages sent by BTS, the counter begin to
count.
17
BTS TRX measurement
According to the receiving level and receiving quality in MS

measurement report and the receiving level and receiving quality in
BTS measurement, BTS decides whether to perform power control for
MS or BTS. BTS also performs statistics according to different
reasons for power control.
There are two ways for power control: common control and rapid
control. The power control amplitude in rapid control is larger than that
in common control. Besides, BTS periodically samples the power of
MS and BTS to get the average power.
After the power control measurement task is customized, BTS
periodically reports the power control statistic result to BSC through
the PC TEST RPT message. The power control measurement result
can be used to analyze coverage quality and power control effect and
frequency.
BSSMAP message measurement
18
The BSSMAP message measurement performs statistics for various

BSSMAP messages at A-interface. It is used to find out the frequency
of various BSSMAP messages transmitted at A-interface. When BSC
receives the correct BSSMAP message from MSC, the counter counts.
A-Interface message measurement
19
The A-interface message measurement performs statistics for

uplink/downlink DTAP message, BSSMAP message, and received
incorrect BSSMAP message. Statistic unit in this measurement is
CMP.
Ater message measurement
20
Ater interface message counters are used to collect statistics on

messages transceived on Ater interface. It is counted by AterDispatch
according to iTC office.
PS traffic measurement
Downlink data TBF measurement
1
DL TBF process comprises establishment, transmission and release

of the DL TBF.
The establishment includes the DL TBF establishment on CCCH,
PCCCH and PACCH.
The release includes normal release and abnormal release of the DL
TBF. Abnormal release is used to judge the running of PS service so
as to make adjustment.
DL transmission measurement mainly focuses on the connecting time
of the DL TBF and the number of co-existing DL TBFs.
Uplink data TBF measurement
2
Uplink (UL) data TBF measurement mainly involves processes of

establishing TBF, keeping TBF and releasing TBF on cells.
Data flow measurement
3
Data flow measurement focuses on the flow related information,

including the LLC frames, RLC blocks and TBF connecting time.
Uplink/Downlink RLC statistic measurement
4
RLC blocks are classified into control block and data block based on
the content. Data block includes RLC block waiting to be
acknowledged (Pending block), retransmitted block (NACK block),
and first-transmitted block (new blocks excluding retransmitted RLC
block and pending RLC blocks).
RLC coding scheme includes CS1 ~ CS4 and MCS1 ~ MCS9. Coding
scheme is set at background and can be adjusted by BSC according
to the link quality.
UL/DL RLC statistics is used to find out the number of RLC blocks
with different coding schemes received and sent by BSC as well as
coding scheme adjustment times during transmission process.
PS resource used statistic measurement
5
Statistic counters are used to measure the PS resource usage in each

cell, including number of usable PS channels, average and max
number of busy PS channels, total busy time of PS channels, total
time of PS channel congestion and using of PS channels.
Uplink and Downlink PACCH statistics
6
In transmitting GPRS data service, UL and DL PACCH statistics is

used to count the number of receiving and sending controlled
messages on PACCH, including packet access reject, packet
resource request, packet UL assignment, etc.
Downlink GPRS data TBF statistics
7
DL GPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of GPRS

DL TBF establishment, maintenance and release.
Downlink EGPRS data TBF statistics

DL EGPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of
EGPRS DL TBF establishment, maintenance and release.
Uplink GPRS data TBF statistics
9
UL GPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the

establishment, maintain and release of UL GPRS TBF.
10
Uplink EGPRS data TBF statistics

UL EGPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the
establishment, maintain and release of UL EGPRS TBF.
BSSGP flow statistic
11
BSSGP flow statistics mainly measures the message

transmission condition at Gb BSSGP level in GPRS service, to
count different signaling messages. This includes the number
of packet paging, circuit paging, BVC block, BVC unblock, BVC
reset, location request, and location result response, etc.
Gb message statistics (BVC cell)
12
Gb message statistics mainly measures transmission number of

different PTP messages at Gb BSSGP level in GPRS service (such as
RA-CAPABILITY, RADIO-STATUS, DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC).
NSVC statistic measurement
13
The NSVC statistic measurement is used to measure signaling

interaction and data transmission at NS layer of Gb interface for
GPRS service. It counts the number of various messages, such as
blocking, unblocking, resetting, and ALIVE.
NSE statistic measurement
14
The NSE statistic measurement takes a single NSE as the

measurement entity. It performs statistics for paging message, status
indication message, and signaling BVC resetting message received
by NSE at BSS.
NSVC on IPGB HOST measurement
15
The NSVC statistic measurement on IPGB HOST is used to measure

signaling interaction and data transmission at NS layer of Gb interface
in GPRS service. It also performs statistics for abnormalities in
various flows.
GB Message on IPGB HOST measurement
16
The Gb interface message measurement on IPGB HOST measures

the number of transceiving various PTP messages at BSSGP layer of
Gb interface in GPRS service, such as RA-CAPABILITY, RADIOSTATUS, and DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC.
NSE on IPGB HOST measurement
17
The NSE measurement on IPGB HOST takes a single NSE as the

measurement entity. It performs statistics for paging message, status
indication message, and signaling BVC resetting message received
by NSE at BSS.
Contents

SDCCH measurement point

MS
BTS
BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
A1
CHL_ACT
A2
CHL_ACT_ACK
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
A3
SABM
EST_IND
A4
T3101
Time out
SDCCH Counters
SDCCH
Total call
attempts
SDCCH
Total
overflows
All the requests for SDCCH channels, including all instances need to
request for a SDCCH such as a normal call origination, location update,
call re-establishment, IMSI request, IMSI detach and SMS.
SDCCH Total call attempts :C900060003+C900060010+C900060038
Check point A1
All the unsuccessful requests for SDCCH channels because there is no

radio resource.
SDCCH Total overflows:

C900060005+C900060011+C900060039
Check pointA2
SDCCH Counters
Assignment
attempts
BSC transmit IMM_ASS message to MS for assigning SDCCH,

including assignment success times and failure times.
SDCCH assignment attempts= C900060241
Check pointA3
Number
Assignment
success
of BSC transmit IMM_ASS, MS successfully access

corresponding SDCCH,BSC received correct EST_IND or
ASSIGN_COM message.
SDCCH Assignment
Check
point: A4
success numbers: C900060242
SDCCH Counters
Call drop
Total
traffic
Number of the failed calls in SDCCH before TCH is occupied
SDCCH Call drop: C900060053
Check point After BSC received correct EST_IND or

ASSIGN_COM message. Before TCH assignment complete
The
total traffic of each SDCCH in busy hours
Total
traffic = SDCCH busy time (C900060124) / statistic

duration
Commonly used KPI
SDCCH Congestion rate

SDCCH congestion rate(%)
=SDCCH overflows/SDCCH call attempts 100
= (C900060005+C900060011+C900060039)
/(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038 ) 100
SDCCH assignment success rate

SDCCH assignment success rate (%)
SDCCH assignment success/ SDCCH assignment
attempts100
=C900060242/C900060241 100
Commonly used KPI
SDCCH call drop rate

SDCCH call drop rate (%)
= SDCCH call drop number/ SDCCH assignment
success number 100
=C900060053/
(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038 ) 100
TCH congestion statistic point

BTS
BSC
MSC
ASS_CMD
B1
B2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
BTS
BSC
MSC
HO_REQ
C1
C2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
TCH Counters
TCH call
attempts
exclude
handover
All the requests for TCH channels, including the calling attempts and
called attempts, and when TCH is assigned as SDCCH in abnormal early
allocation, not including handover .
TCH attempt numbers (exclude handover)
= TCH/F attempts (voicedata) + TCH/H attempts (voicedata)
=C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046
Check pointB1
All
TCH overflow
(exclude
handover)
the unsuccessful occupation for TCH because of no radio resource
Total
TCH overflows (exclude handover)
=TCH/F occupation failure (voicedata) + TCH/H occupation failure

(voicedata) =C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047
Check pointB2
TCH Counters
All
the requests for TCH channels, including the calling attempts and
called attempts, handover.
TCH call
attempts
include
handover)
TCH attempt numbers (include handover)= TCH/F attempts (voicedata)

+ TCH/H attempts (voicedata)
=C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046+C900060021
+C900060032+C900060044+C900060048
TCH overflow
(include
handover)
Check pointB1+C1
All the unsuccessful occupation for TCH because of no radio resource
Total
TCH overflows (include handover)=TCH/F occupation failure (voice

data) + TCH/H occupation failure (voicedata)
= C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047+
C900060022+C900060033+C900060045+C900060049
Check
pointB2+C2
TCH Assignment statistic point
TCH Counters
All
TCH Assignment
attempts
(exclude
handover)
the assignment command after successful TCH occupation
TCH
assignment attempts =TCH assignment success + TCH assignment

failure=C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C90006
0199+C900060210+C900060018+C900060029+C900060037+C900060
135+C900060200+C900060211
Check
TCH Assignment
success
(exclude
handover)
pointD1
Numbers of receiving Establish Indication or Assignment Complete

messages after TCH channel is successfully occupied.
TCH assignment success =

C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C900060199+C9
00060210
Check pointD2
Commonly used KPI
TCH congestion rate
TCH congestion rate (exclude handover) = TCH overflows

(exclude handover) / TCH attempts (exclude handover) 100 =
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047)/(C9000
60019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046) 100
TCH congestion rate (include handover) = TCH overflows
(include handover) / TCH attempts (include handover) 100=
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047+
C900060022+C900060033+C900060045+C900060049)/(C90006
0019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046+
C900060021+C900060032+C900060044+C900060048) 100
Commonly used KPI
TCH assignment success rate

TCH assignment success rate =TCH assignment success
numberexclude handover/ TCH assignment attempts
numberexclude handover100
=(C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C9
00060199+C900060210)/(C900060017+C900060028+C90
0060036+C900060235+C900060199+C900060210+C9000
60018+C900060029+C900060037+C900060135+C900060
200+C900060211)100
Commonly used KPI
TCH call drop rate
TCH call drop rateinclude handover= TCH

call drop number / Total number TCH assignment
successinclude handover100
Trigger pointMonitor CLEAR REQUEST after
receiving ASSIGMENT COMPLETE message
Commonly used KPI
Handover success rate (Incoming handover)
Handover success rate%= Number of

handover success / number of handover request
100 =
(C900060098+C900060102+C900060120+C900
060094+C900060096)
/(C900060097+C900060099+C900060100+C900
060101+C900060216+C900060119+C90006009
3+C900060095) 100
Commonly used KPI
Traffic
The total traffic of all TCH, including TCH/F and

TCH/H.
Total TCH traffic = Total busy time of TCH/
statistic duration =
(C900060129+C900060127)/3600
Traffic call drop raito
Total TCH traffic 60/ total call drop numbers

Unit: minuterepresent the average time
separation of every two call drops
Commonly used KPI
Bad cell ratio
Number of bad cells / total number of cells 100%

Condition:
Busy hours traffic per TCH>0.1Erland TCH call drop

rate>3 or TCH congestion rate>5
Confirm cell numbers according to average per TCH traffic
>0.1Erl
TCH call drop statistic point
Radio link timeout call drop

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Measurement report(SACCH)
Radio link timeout
Connection Failure
Indication
Start T3109
Clear request
Stop T3109
F1
Clear Command
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release
ACK
Clear Complete
Intra cell handover call drop

MS
BTS:TRX
BSC
MSC
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T3107 Timeout
Clear Request
G1
Intra BSC handover call drop

MS
Old BTS:
New BTS
BSC
MSC
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
HO_Command
HO_Command
SET T3103
T3103 Timeout
Clear request
H1
Inter BSC handover call drop

MS
Old BTS
Old BSC
MSC
New BTS
New BSC
HANDOVER REQUIRED
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
T8 Timeout
Clear request
I1
TCH Call drop counters
Total
TCH call
drop number
TCH call drop of all kinds of reasons in current area sub-system .
Trigger
: Calculate CLEAR REQUEST after ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE

message and CLEAR REQUEST after HANDOVER COM
message
Check
Total TCH
busy hour
traffic
The
pointF1+G1+H1+I1
accumulation of all TCH traffic in busy hour.
Total
TCH traffic = Total TCH busy time/ statistic period
Handover signaling statistic point
Intra cell handover
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
J1
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA
ASS_COM
EST_IND
ASS_COM
J2
HO_PREFORM
Intra BSC handover

MS
BTS:Ori_Cell
Measurement Report
BTS:Des_Cell
Measurement Report
BSC:Ori_Cell
BSC:Des_Cell
Handover Algorithm
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE
K1
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMPLETE
K2
Inter BSC handover
MS
Old BTS
Old BSC
MSC
HANDOVER REQUIRED
New BTS
New BSC
HO_REQ
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
L1
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
SABM
UA
HO_COM
HO_COM
HO_COM
Clear Command
L2
Handover counters
Definitions Total Incoming handover request numbers, including

Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Total
handover
request
Total handover
request:C900060097+C900060099+C900060100+C900060101+
C900060216+C900060119+C900060093+C900060095
Check pointJ2+K1+L1
Total
Handover
success
Definitions Total Incoming handover success numbers,

including Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Total handover
success:C900060098+C900060102+C900060120+C900060094+
C900060096
Check
point J2+K2+L2
This statistic provides UL GPRS signaling TBF,

UL EDGE signaling TBF, UL GPRS data TBF, UL
EDGE data TBF establishment success rate,
which is the important performance index on data
service availability to check the condition of data
access success in different cells.
UL TBF Establishment Success
Rate=(C900040025+C900040033+C900040026+
C900040034)/(C900040159+C900040160+C900
040161+C900040168+C900040163+C90004016
4+C900040165+C900040166)*100
This statistic provides DL GPRS signaling TBF,

DL EDGE signaling TBF, DL GPRS data TBF, DL
EDGE data TBF establishment success rate,
which is the important performance index on data
service availability to check the condition of data
access success in different cells.
DL TBF Establishment Success
Rate=(C900040007+C900040015+C900040008+
C900040016)/(C900040141+C900040142+C900
040143+C900040144+C900040145+C90004014
6+C900040147+C900040148)*100
This statistic provides TBF proportion

exceptionally released after UL signaling TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate=(C900040037+
C900040038+ C900040039+ C900040040+
C900040041+ C900040042+ C900040043+
C900040044+ C900040045+
C900040046)/(C900040025+ C900040033)*100

exceptionally released after DL signaling TBF
occur in network.
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate =(C900040149+
C900040150+ C900040151+ C900040152+
C900040153+ C900040154+ C900040155+
C900040156+ C900040157+
C900040158)/(C900040007+ C900040015)*100

exceptionally released after DL GPRS data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040002+C900040003+C900040004+C90
0040005+C900040006-C900040149C900040150-C900040151-C900040152C900040153)/C900040008*100

exceptionally released after UL GPRS data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040020+C900040021+C900040022+C90
0040023+C900040024-C900040037C900040038-C900040039-C900040040C900040041)/C900040026*100

exceptionally released after UL EDGE data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040028+C900040029+C900040030+C90
0040031+C900040032-C900040042C900040043-C900040044-C900040045C900040046)/C900040034*100

exceptionally released after UL EDGE data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040010+C900040011+C900040012+C90
0040013+C900040014-C900040154C900040155-C900040156-C900040157C900040158)/C900040016*100
UL GPRS Throughput
UL GPRS Throughput
The user UL GPRS data transmitted on air

interface divided by the time taken for data
transmission
UL GPRS Throughput
=C900040058/C900040059*8
DL GPRS Throughput
DL GPRS Throughput
The user DL GPRS data transmitted on air

transmission.
DL GPRS Throughput
=C900040060/C900040061*8
UL EDGE Throughput
UL EDGE Throughput
The user UL EDGE data transmitted on air

transmission.
UL EDGE Throughput
=C900040066/C900040067*8
DL EDGE Throughput
DL EDGE Throughput
The user DL EDGE data transmitted on air

transmission.
DL EDGE Throughput
=C900040068/C900040069*8
The statistic provides the percentage of the

discarded downlink LLC signaling frame.
DL LLC signaling frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL signaling LLC frame discard due to
full buffer, exhausted lifecycle, and other
exceptions divided by the number of DL signaling
LLC frame transmitted .
=(C900040052+C900040053+C900040054)/C90
0040051*100

discarded DL LLC GPRS data frame.
DL GPRS data frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL GPRS LLC frame discard due to
exceptions divided by the number of DL GPRS
LLC frame transmitted.
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard
Rate=(C900040075+C900040076+C900040077)
/C900040074*100

discarded DL LLC edge data frame.
DL EDGE data frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL EDGE LLC frame discard due to
exceptions divided by the number of DL EDGE
LLC frame transmitted.
=(C900040048+C900040049+C900040050)/C90
0040047*100
Contents

Traffic statistic analysis contents
Call drop
TCH congestion
Handover
SDCCH congestion
TCH assignment
SDCCH assignment
General idea
BSC Level
Report
CELL Level
Report
High Call
Drop Rate
Alarm Information
CS Basic Service
Measurement
TRX
Service Measurement
Cell Radio
Measurement
High Congestion
Rate
CS Basic Service
Measurement
Alarm Information
Radio Access
Measurement
Cell Radio
Measurement
High Handover
Failure Rate
Alarm Information
Handover Reason
Measurement
Handover Routine
Measurement
Adjacent Cell Handover

Measurement
CS Basic Service
Measurement
General idea
Combined with:
Driving Test: Analyze coveragequality

handoversignaling
CQT: make a great deal of calls in different place
Signaling trace: Collecting signaling through
signaling tools or OMCR signaling trace function
Index Analysis Filter Method

First common, then
Common factors
Hardware
Interference
Coverage
individual factor
Individual factor
Handover
Radio parameters
Common factors
TCH Call drop

Hardware
Handover
Interference
Congestion
SDCCH Assignment
Coverage
TCH Assignment
Hardware problems
Traffic statistic
basic measurement Abnormal
SDCCH and TCH availability, <100%
Low TCH assignment success rate
especially >10%
Locate and Solution
CS
BTS
measurementlocate cal drop and

assignment failure on TRX level
Alarm
managementlocate hardware
Check transmission error

repeter self-excitation, TTA noise
Target cell Channel activation

NACK or TIMEOUT
Call drop because of terrestrial

trunk circuit failure
Calibrate clock
Locate hardware problems

according left traffic statistic,
confirm TRX,CMM,TIC,CDU faults
failure
Dynamic
managementAbnormal TRX
occupation
Check
clock system
Monitor
transmission system
Interference
Traffic statistic
CS
basic measurementAnalyze
interference band level, change with
time and traffic
Locate and Solution
Frequency checkanalyze C/I and

C/A
Frequency scanFind external

interference
DTCheck interference area and

quality distribution
Adjust BTSs transmit
power ,antenna downtilt or
frequency etc. to avoid interference;
BTS measurementlocate
interference on TRX level
Handover reason measurementratio

of up/down link RQ Handover
Cell radio measurementAnalyze the

distribution of cell level and quality
Abis
signaling traceAnalyze cells

and TRXs with high interference band
Open FHDTXDPC
Fix equipment problems (TRX
Antenna)
Coverage
Traffic statistic
Locate and solution
CELL performance high Up/link

RQ bad KPI
Make DT in estimate weak

coverage area
Adjust network parameters based on DT
Power control : Low average

up/down link signal Rx-LEV
Cell radioToo much low signal

Rx-LEV
Handover reasontoo much

rescue handover (Rx-Lev and RxQUAL handover)
Check BTS transmitting power,

antenna downtilt and height,
Rxlev_ACCESS_MIN, the neighbor
cell relationship, RXLEV_MIN of
handover candidate cell.
Adjust
coverage, avoid overcoverageweak coverage and lonely

island
Increase BTS sites
Call drop
Type
Radio link time out

Handover failure
LAPD call drop
Call drop analysis
Confirm call
drop cell
BSC
level
report
CELL
level
report
Call drop type
TRX call drop
CELL
level
report
CS
basic
BTS
basic
measurement
Cell
Call drop
reason
Common
factor
Particular
radio
Alarm
factor
Alarm
analysis
solution
Traffic
statistic
Signaling
analysis
Other
From
whole to
particular
Easy
to locate Locate to TRX

and analysis
method
First common, Execute and

then
solution
particular
Reasons of call drop
Unreasonable HO
parameters
Unbalance up/down
Hardware failure
link
Call drop
Interference
Other parameters
Coverage
Common factor already
discussed
Unreasonable HO parameters
Traffic statistic
Locate and solution
Check if there are unreasonable HO
parameters
Handover routine measurement:

check outgoing handover failure
Handover reason measurement:

check handover reason and percents
of each kind of handover;
Adjacent cell handover measurement:

Low successful outgoing HO (for
some cells)
CS basicHO TCH / calling TCH >3
Make
reasonable neighbor
cells
Adjust
handover parameters
UL/DL unbalance
Traffic statistic
CS
basic: UP/DOWN average

Rx_LEV.
Abis
signaling trace: Analyze

UP/DOWN average Rx_LEV
Cell
radio measurement: Analyze

UP/DOWN average Rx_LEV
Locate and solution

Check
TACDURDUBTS
boards and RF cable connection
Check
antenna direction, tiltdown,
feeder and jumper connection,

antenna connector
Check
VSWR
Other unreasonable parameters

Traffic statistic
Check
RLT
Solution
radio parameters
and Rx-Acc-Min
Modify
the unreasonable
parameters
Handover analysis
Low HO success rate
CS Basic
HO measurement
Alarm
Incoming
Incoming/Outgoing
HO routine
HO reason
Outgoing
PBGT
RXLEV
RXQUAL
Adjacent cell
reason
General analysis idea
HO problem cells: all cells or individual cell?

HO direction: outgoing or incoming HO
failure
HO target cell: service cell With multi-cell or
With individual cell.
MSC1
BSC3
BSC2
BSC1
MSC2
Checking step of HO
Cells of low HO success rate

Cells of more HO failure numbers
Analyze outgoing/incoming HO failure
number, find out main factors of HO failure
Register out/in handover performance
Observe the feature of HO failure: for all
neighbor cells or single cell, for all conditions
or single reason that lead to HO failure
Probable reasons for HO failure

discussed
Unreasonable
parameters
UP/DOWN
unbalance
Hardware
Coverage
Low HO success
rate
Interference
Unreasonable HO parameter
Traffic Statistic
Cell
performancelow HO
success rate
BTS
measurementfind out TRX

with more HO failure
Handover
reason measurement:
check handover reason and

percents of each kind of handover
Adjacent
HO measurement: find
out which two cells have HO
failures
Locate and solution

Check
Pbgtrescue HO threshold,
HO function switch setting
Check
TCH assignment due to

HO vs calling If handover/call
3probably Ping-pong HO exist ,
check and adjust handover
parameters setting Minimum
HO intervalPBGT margin etc
Integrated analysis
Traffic statistic
Locate and solution
Cell performancetarget cell
congestion
CS basiclow incoming HO success

rate, maybe hardware or interference
problems
Low outgoing HO success rate
Target
cell expansion or traffic

balance
Hardware
maybe target cell congestion or
Adjust
unreasonable HO parameters
Adjacent
Adjacent cell unreasonable neighbor
External cell: frequency, BSIC
troubleshooting
HO parameters
cell optimization
TCH congestion
Capacity or
unbalance traffic
Interference
Antenna system
TCH congestion
Unreasonable
Coverage
parameters
Data configuration

discussed
Shortage of capacity or traffic unbalance

Traffic statistic
Locate and solution
Cell
Expansion
CS
Adjust
Cell
Adjust
performance: Traffic per

channel>0.6
basic: Too much TCH
overflows
performance: Unbalance
traffic
High
congestion rate
or balance busy and

idle cell TRX configuration
coverageoutput power,
antenna direction, tiltdown, height
cell parametersCRO
RX-ACC-MIN, open traffic HO
function
Adjust
cell selection priority, cell

HO parameters
Antenna system problems

Traffic statistic
frequency scan: check the

main and diversity antenna
measurement
Solution
Cell
Cell
radio measurement: signal

level, quality , interference
band
Signaling
tracing:
measurement report analysis.
Check
antenna azimuth,
downtilt, connection of antenna
and feeder system.
Unreasonable cell parameters

Traffic statistic
Performance
Solution
report: check TCH
congestion
Alarm
statistic: BTS or TRX

hardware failure
BTS
measurement: check if TRX

problem?
Check
cell parameters: Rx-AccMin, cell resection parameters
Adjust
unreasonable
parameter
Hardware
troubleshooting
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH
Unreasonable
Para.
Interference
SDCCH congestion
Capacity limit
Unreasonable LAC

discussed
Unreasonable parameters
Traffic statistic
Solution
CS
basic: Check reason of

SDCCH congestion
Radio
access: Immediate
assignment success / Immediate

assignment > 85%
Check
para: All parameters with

relation to radio access
SDCCH
available rate
Adjust
parameter: Random access
threshold, RACH access threshold

MaxRetransTx-Integer
T3212
Dual
band parameter adjustment
System capacity limit

Traffic statistic
Cell
Solution
performanceBoth TCH and
SDCCH congestion
Cell
performanceTCH no
congestion but SDCCH
congestion
Cell
locationTraffic hub such as

airport, railway station
SMS
increase greatly
Expansion
Increase
Adjust
SDCCH
T3122T3212
RACH
Unreasonable LAC planning

Traffic statistic
Cell
performanceSDCCH
congestion
CS
Basictoo much location

update
LAC
planningLAC border cross

heavy traffic area
Solution
Modify
CRH
Adjust
cell reselection para.
Modify
T3212
Adjust
other para.
Interference
Traffic statistic
Low
RACH threshold, at the same
time, there is interference

Cell
performanceSDCCH
congestion
CS
basicSDCCH invalid access
Solution
Check
and adjust frequency
planning
Check
and remove interference
Adjust
access para.
SDCCH assignment failure
CCCH congestion
Interference
Transmission
Reason
Bad coverage
Hardware
Software version
discussed
SDCCH assignment failure

Traffic statistic
CCCH
Solution
congestionnot enough
AGCH
CS
basicUplink interference
band, abnormal UP/DOWN RQ
Alarmequipment
hardware
failure
system monitor
locate transmission problem
version
PCH and AGCH block
numbers
Frequency
Work
Transmission
Software
Adjust
check
out transmission problems
Upgrade
software version
TCH assignment failure
Success assignment
Assignment failure
TCH assignment analysis

3
It is carried out
between BSC
BSC sends
and MS. When
Channel Activation BSC receives
to BTS receives Establish
BTSs feedback
Indication, TCH
message Channel
assignment is
Activation ACK,
successful.
then allocation has
Allocation
Occupation
After
receives
CHANNEL
REQUIRE
command,
BSC will
inquire channel
resources in
MP database.
Assignment
been done.
Reason of TCH assignment failure
Hardware: TRXCDURF cable connection

Interference: C/I,C/A or external interference
Antenna feeder: Antenna and feeder damage,
linear antenna direction, downtilt not same, VSWR,
feeder cable cross connection
Unreasonable para: HSN/MAIO, T3107 small,
configuration para is different from planning
Coverage: weak coverage or UP/DOWN unbalance
Repeater: Induce UP/DOWN interference and
unbalance
TCH assignment failure

Traffic statistic
Solution
Cell
performancecells of TCH
assignment failure
Check
Basicinterference band
call drophandoverUP/DOWN
Check
RQ level
Check
CS
BERinterference band,
decrease interference
AlarmHardware
Driving
BTS
Check
measurementlocate TRX
with TCH assignment failure
NMS
TRXThe time and number

of TCH and SDCCH assignment
cell radio para
hardware problem
test analysis
if BSC and BTS software

version match
Contents

Call drop instance
Description
From 16 March, Cell I102 of BSC80 call drop number increase

greatlyCall drop rateinclude handover>7%
Analysis
Cell performance: call drop type: radio link failure

Interference band: a lot of strip 3
Check frequency planning: no problem
BTS measurement: TRX2 and TRX3 high assignment failure rate
Alarm: no
Handover parameters: TRX2 and TRX3 have same MAIO
Call drop instance
Solution
Region
Change MAIO of TRX3 to 10

Cell
Name
BSC ID
CELL ID
TCH in call drop

rate(%)
Remark
8.17
7.74
before
7.53
7.97
NORTH
I102
80
50022
1.03
0.94
after
0.85
0.76
Handover instance 1
Description
Analysis
Cell performance: Site A cell 1 handover success rate

low
Unreasonable parameter: No
From OMCR dynamic management: one TRX can not
be occupied, probably hardware problem
Solution
Change TRX, everything OK
Handover instance
Result
HO
success
HO
success
rate(%)
Site name
(LAC-CI)
HO
request
D1A
LAC8415-CI25023
345
52
15.1
D1A
LAC8415-CI25023
221
64
29
D1A
LAC8415-CI25023
266
28
10.5
D1A
LAC8415-CI25023
160
152
95
D1A
LAC8415-CI25023
160
154
96.3
TCH congestion instance 1
Description
Analysis
From 21 Dec. according to cell performance reportsite 106

sector 3 of BSC8 in Libyan network, there is great TCH congestion,
TCH congestion rate (exclude handover)>30%
There is no congestion for this sector before, TCH congestion rate
increase suddenly
Check cell performance and alarm of its neighboring cellswe
found one neighboring site 127 which locate oppositely suffered
power break, a lot of traffic was absorbed by site 106
Solution
After the power come back ,site 127 work properly, and site 106
TCH congestion disappeared
BSC-SITE ID-BTS
(LAC-CI)
SDCCH
congestion
rate(%)
TCH congestion
rate (exclude
handover)(%)
TCH overflow
(exclude handover)
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1
LAC8198-CI11061
Bsc8-Site106-Bts2
LAC8198-CI11062
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3
LAC8198-CI11063
0.04
30.24
936
After adjustment
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1
LAC8198-CI11061
Bsc8-Site106-Bts2
LAC8198-CI11062
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3
LAC8198-CI11063
0.04
Description
In the evening of 2, April, we configured dynamic GPRS channel

to BSC1. and observed at daytime on 3, April, we found TCH
congestion rate went up remarkably.
Analysis
Decrease dynamic GPRS to one channel per cell before busy hour
on 3, April
We observed next day and found that, 11654(TCH assignment

failure number) of many cells under BSC1 is still very high
Signaling trace: Channel Activation failed for all the TCH come
from GPRS dynamic channel
Solution
Change dynamic GPRS channel to static channel, then to TCH
channel, network restored to normal.
SDCCH congestion instance
Description
Analysis
Site 61, Cell 3 , SDCCH congestion rate increase

suddenly after put into service>35%
CS basic: there are many location update.
LAC planning is OK
Probably data configuration problem
Solution
We found LAC of Cell 3 is 8198but the LAC of the

other two cells is 8199
Change back LAC to 8199
SDCCH assignment instance
Description
Analysis
One BTS connect BSC by satellite , some type of

handset can not call properly
Signaling trace: there is no EST IND after BSC send

IMMDIEATE ASSIGNMENT COMand BSC release
the channel
For satellite transmission, the transmission delay
between MS and BTS is about 150ms , this led some
type of handset can not receive Immediate assignment
command within required period.
Solution
BSC adopted optimized Immediate assignment process
TCH assignment instance
Description
Analysis
Cell 3 of site 1, TCH assignment failure rate:12.28, Call

drop rate:6.9%, Handover in success rate:68.38%,
Handover out success rate:91.31%
TCH assignment failure rate>10%, from which we can
exclude interference, maybe there is hardware problem.
BTS measurement: We found the second TRX has high
TCH assignment failure>30%
CQT: we found when the second TRX was occupied,
the Rx-Lev is 20dB less than that of BCCH.
Solution
Change TRX
TCH assignment instance
BSC -SITE
ID-BTS
(LAC-CI)
Bsc80Site1-Bts3
LAC1003CI50003
TCH call drop

rate (include
handover)(%)
TCH call drop

number
TCH assign
failure
rate(%)
Handover in
success
rate(%)
Handover
out success
rate(%)
6.9
98
12.28
68.38
91.31
2.28
92.38
92.89
After adjustment
Bsc80Site1-Bts3
LAC1003CI50003
0.9

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ZTE GERAN Counters & KPIs

At the end of this course, you will be able to:

Master ZTE traffic statistic function

Overview of traffic statistic

Introduction of ZTE traffic statistic

KPI of CS traffic statistic

SDCCH congestion rate

Traffic call drop rate

KPI of PS traffic statistic

UL TBF Establishment Success Rate

KPI of PS traffic statistic

DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate

Assignment counter describers the assignment process. As many

Handover cause counter is used for checking MS handover causes.

Channels that take part in the measurement statistic include SDCCH,

Radio resource available measurement counters count the number,

General handover counter is used to find out MS handover successes,

Adjacent cell handover counter is used to record the number of

Radio access counter is mainly used to observe MS radio random

Radio measurement items mainly include UL/DL quality, signal

MS TA counters are used to check the value of TA in MS measurement

MO-SM is short message of mobile originating call; MT-SM is short

TRX measurement is to measure the success or failure condition of

Timeslot counters are used to view the radio transceiver environment

SDCCH counters describe allocation, occupation, assignment, use of

In GSM BSC signaling system, allocation and usage of TCH/F(TCH/H)

Abis interface message measurement is mainly for all kinds of

BTS TRX measurement

According to the receiving level and receiving quality in MS

The BSSMAP message measurement performs statistics for various

The A-interface message measurement performs statistics for

Ater interface message counters are used to collect statistics on

DL TBF process comprises establishment, transmission and release

Uplink (UL) data TBF measurement mainly involves processes of

Data flow measurement focuses on the flow related information,

Statistic counters are used to measure the PS resource usage in each

In transmitting GPRS data service, UL and DL PACCH statistics is

DL GPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of GPRS

Downlink EGPRS data TBF statistics

UL GPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the

Uplink EGPRS data TBF statistics

BSSGP flow statistics mainly measures the message

Gb message statistics mainly measures transmission number of

The NSVC statistic measurement is used to measure signaling

The NSE statistic measurement takes a single NSE as the

The NSVC statistic measurement on IPGB HOST is used to measure

The Gb interface message measurement on IPGB HOST measures

The NSE measurement on IPGB HOST takes a single NSE as the

Overview of traffic statistic

SDCCH measurement point

SDCCH Total call attempts :C900060003+C900060010+C900060038

All the unsuccessful requests for SDCCH channels because there is no

SDCCH Total overflows:

BSC transmit IMM_ASS message to MS for assigning SDCCH,

SDCCH assignment attempts= C900060241

of BSC transmit IMM_ASS, MS successfully access

success numbers: C900060242

Number of the failed calls in SDCCH before TCH is occupied

SDCCH Call drop: C900060053

Check point After BSC received correct EST_IND or

total traffic of each SDCCH in busy hours

traffic = SDCCH busy time (C900060124) / statistic

Commonly used KPI