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Solutions to Assignment 7
Due: 12 Noon on Thursday, November 10, 2005
1. Find the gradient vector field of the following functions:
(a) f (x, y) = ln(x + 2y);
(b) f (x, y, z) = x cos(y/z).
Solution. (a)
fx =
Thus, the gradient vector field is
f =
1
,
x + 2y
fy =
2
.
x + 2y
1
2
2
1
=
,
i+
j.
x + 2y x + 2y
x + 2y
x + 2y
(b)
x
xy
fx = cos(y/z)), fy = sin(y/z),
fz = 2 sin(y/z).
z
z
Thus, the gradient vector field is
x
xy
f = cos(y/z)), sin(y/z), 2 sin(y/z)
z
z
x
xy
= cos(y/z)) i sin(y/z) j + 2 sin(y/z) k.
z
z
Z
2. Suppose f (x, y) = x2 y 2 . Find
f ds where
C
(a) C is formed from the edges of a triangle with vertices at (0, 0), (2, 1) and (1, 2).
(b) C is a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin.
Solution. (a) For convenience, we denote by C1 , C2 and C3 the line segments from (0, 0) to (2, 1),
from (2, 1) to (1, 2) and from (1, 2) to (0, 0), respectively. Then C = C1 +C2 +C3 and the parametric
equations of C1 , C2 and C3 as given as follows:
(
x = 0 (1 t) + 2t = 2t
C1 :
0 t 1,
y = 0 (1 t) + t = t,
(
x = 2 (1 t) + t = 2 t
0 t 1,
C2 :
y = 1(1 t) + 2t = t + 1,
(
x = 1 (1 t) + 0 t = 1 t
C3 :
0 t 1,
y = 2(1 t) + 0 t = 2 2t,
Thus,
Z
Z
f ds =
C
Z
f ds +
C1
Z 1
Z
f ds +
f ds
C2
(4t t ) 5 dt +
C3
1
(2 t) (t + 1)
Z
=3 5
0
t2 dt +
2 dt +
Z 1
Z 1
Z 1
2
(3 6t) dt + 5
(3 + 6t 3t2 ) dt
0
= 0.
1
5 dt
(b)
Thus
Z
2
Z
f ds =
4 cos2 t 4 sin2 t
p
4 sin2 t + 4 cos2 t dt
=8
2
cos(2t) = 4 sin(2t) = 0.
0
Z
3. Evaluate
(x + yz) dx + 2x dy + xyz dz, where C consists of line segments from (1, 0, 1) to (2, 3, 1)
C
Z 1
(x + yz) dx + 2x dy + xyz dz =
C1
(1 + t + 3t) + 2(1 + t) 3 + 3t(1 + t) 0 dt
0
1
Z
=
(7 + 10t) dt = 12,
0
Z 1
Z
(x + yz) dx + 2x dy + xyz dz =
C2
(2 + (3 + 2t)(1 + t)) 0 + 8 + 2(3 + 2t)(1 + t) dt
0
1
=
0
Therefore
=
C
= 12 +
C1
C2
61
.
3
97
61
=
.
3
3
4. The formula for a cycloid is given parametrically by (t sin(t), 1 cos(t)). Find the length of the
curve over one cycle 0 t 2.
Solution. The length is
Z 2 p
Z 2 q
0
2
0
2
(x (t)) + (y (t)) dt =
(1 cos t)2 + sin2 t dt
0
Z
=
Z
2 2 cos t dt = 2
sin
0
t
dt = 8.
2
5. Determine whether or not F is a conservative vector field, if it is, find a function f such that
F = f .
(a)
(b)
Py = 2x sin y cos x = Qx
Z
f=
Py = ex + cos y = Qx
6. Evaluate
C
(a) F(x, y) =
y2
i
+
2y
arctan
x
j, C : r(t) = (t2 ) i + (2t) j, 0 t 1.
1 + x2
(b) F(x, y, z) = (y 2 cos z)i + (2xy cos z)j (xy 2 sin z)k,
0 t .
Solution. (a) Let
P (x, y) =
y2
, Q(x, y) = 2y arctan x.
x2 + 1
3
f (x, y) = y 2 arctan x.
(b) Let
f (x, y, z) = xy 2 cos z.
Then its easy to verify that
f = (y 2 cos z, 2xy cos z, xy 2 sin z) = F.
Therefore,
Z
F dr =
C
7. Show that the line integral is independent of path and evaluate the integral:
Z
(1 yex ) dx + ex dy,
C
(1 yex ) dx + ex dy =
Let
F dr.
P dx + Q dy =
C
f (x, y) = x + yex .
fundamental theorem,
Z
Z
F dr =
8. Find the work done by the force field F(x, y) = (y 2 /x2 ) i (2y/x) j in moving an object from
P (1, 1) to Q(4, 2).
Solution. Let
y2
f (x, y) = .
x
Then
y2
2y
f = ( 2 , ) = F.
x
x
4
Therefore the work done by the force field F(x, y) = (y 2 /x2 ) i (2y/x) j in moving an object from
P (1, 1) to Q(4, 2) is
Z
Z
F dr =
f dr = f (4, 2) f (1, 1) = 1 (1) = 0.
C
(a)
Since
P (x, y) =
y
x
, Q(x, y) = 2
,
2
+y
x + y2
x2
1
P
y 2y
y 2 x2
= 2
+
=
,
y
x + y2
(x2 + y 2 )2
(x2 + y 2 )2
1
x 2x
y 2 x2
Q
= 2
=
.
x
x + y2
(x2 + y 2 )2
(x2 + y 2 )2
Thus
P
Q
=
.
y
x
5
(b) We denote by C1 and C2 the upper and lower halves of the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 from (1, 0) to
(1, 0), respectively. Then
C1 : r(t) = (cos t, sin t), 0 t ,
C2 : r(t) = (cos t, sin t), 0 t .
Thus,
Z
x
y
dx + 2
dy
+ y2
x + y2
Z
F dr =
C1
2
C x
Z 1
( sin t)( sin t) + (cos t cos t) dt = ,
Z0
Z
F dr =
C2
x
y
dx + 2
dy
2
+y
x + y2
x2
Z 2
(sin t)( sin t) + (cos t)( cos t) dt = .
Z
6=
Thus
C1
Z
F dr is dependant on path. ( Note: This happens because the domain of
and
C2