Hospital Thesis Chapter 1

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH
Application of Therapeutic and Healing Design Approaches in a Patient- Centered Health Facility
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1.1 Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh-largest island in the Philippines. It is located of
the coast of Luzon, and northeast of Palawan. The southern coast of
Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea. In past
times, it has been called Mai or Mait by Chinese traders and, by
Spaniards, as Mina de Oro (meaning "gold mine") from where the
island got its current name. According to the late historian William
Henry Scott, an entry in the official history of the Sung Dynasty for the
year 972 mentions Ma-i as a trading partner of China. Other Chinese
records referring to Ma-i or Mindoro appear in the years that follow.
From 1920 to 1950, the island was a single province with Calapan City
as the provincial capital. In 1950, it was divided into its two presentday provinces, Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro, following a
referendum that was pushed through by then acting governor Romeo
Venturanza.
1.1.1.1
Oriental Mindoro
A province of the Philippines located in
the island of Mindoro under MIMAROPA
region in Luzon, about 140 km southwest
of Manila. The province is bordered by the
Verde Island Passage and the rest of
Batangas to the north, by Marinduque,
Maestre de Campo (or known as Sibale
but official name is Concepcion) Island,
Tablas Strait and the rest of Romblon to
the east, by Semirara and the rest of
Caluya Islands, Antique to the south, and
by Occidental Mindoro to the west.
Oriental Mindoro is composed of 14
municipalities, with one city, Calapan City
serving as the provincial capital.
City:
Calapan City
Municipalitie
s:
Baco
Bansud
Bongabong
Bulalacao
Gloria
Figure 1: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro

Source: Ph fil oriental mindoro" by Roel Balingit
Figure 2: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro
Source: Ph fil oriental mindoro" by Roel Balingit
Mansalay
Naujan
Pinamalayan
Pola
Puerto Galera
Roxas
San Teodoro
Socorro
Victoria
1.1.1.2
Occidental Mindoro
A province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in Luzon.
Its capital is Mamburao and occupies the western half of the island of
Mindoro, on the west by Apo East Pass, and on the south by the
Mindoro Strait; Oriental Mindoro is at the eastern half. The South China
Sea is to the west of the province and Palawan is located to the
southwest, across Mindoro Strait. Batangas is to the north, separated
by the Verde Island Passage.
Chapter 1 - Introduction

Occidental
Mindoro is subdivided into 11 municipalities.

Abra De Ilog
Calintaan
Looc
Lubang
Magsaysay
Mamburao (Capital)
Paluan
Rizal
Sablayan
San Jose
Santa Cruz
Figure 2: Political Map of Occidental Mindoro
Source: "Ph fil occidental mindoro" by Roel Balingit
1.1.2 Population/Mindoreneos Statistics

1.1.2.1
Tagalog
Below is a table on Total Population by Province, City, and Municipality
from 2010 National Statistics Office: Census of Population and Housing
as of May 1, 2010. In Oriental Mindoro,the City of Calapan has the
biggest population and San Teodoro has the least while in Occidental,
San Jose has the biggest population (bigger than Calapans) and Looc
has the least. Mindoro has a total population of 123, 8573.
1.1.2.1.1
Oriental Mindoro
Table 1: Oriental Mindoro Population
CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
POPULATION
Baco
35,060
Bansud
38,341
Bongabong
66,569
Bulalacao (San Pedro)
33,754
City of Calapan (Capital)
124,173
Gloria
42,012
Mansalay
51,705
Naujan
94,497
Pinamalayan
81,666
Pola
32,984
Puerto Galera
32,521
Roxas
49,854
San Teodoro
15,810
Socorro
38,348
Victoria
48,308
TOTAL POPULATION
785,602
2010
1.1.2.1.2
Occidental Mindoro

Table 2: Occidental Mindoro Population
CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
POPULATION
Abra De Ilog
29,225
Calintaan
28,148
Looc
9,758
Lubang
23,068
Magsaysay
31,969
Mamburao (Capital)
39,237
Paluan
15,223
Rizal
34,458
Sablayan
76,153
San Jose
131,188
34,544
Santa Cruz
TOTAL POPULATION
1.1.2.2
2010
452,971
Mangyan
According to Mangyan Heritage Center in Calapan, Mindoro,

There are around 300 million indigenous peoples in the world. In
the Philippines, of the projected population of 94 million in 2010,
about
15%
belong
to
indigenous groups.
Mindoro is the seventh largest
island in the Philippines, with
an area of 10,224 square
kilometers and two provinces
Oriental and Occidental. Of
the total population of one
million,
the
indigenous
population is estimated at
100,000 +, 10% of the total
population of Oriental and
Occidental
Mindoro,
70%
animists and 30% Christians,
but official statistics are
difficult to determine under
the conditions of remote
areas, reclusive tribal groups
and some having little if any
outside world contact.
Figure 3: Ethnographic Map of Mindoro (Mangyan Tribes)

Source: Mangyan Heritage Center
Mangyan is the collective name for the eight indigenous groups

living in Mindoro, each with its own name, language, and set of
customs: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tau-buid, Bangon,
Buhid, Hanunuo, and Ratagnon.
Census of Population and Housing of the 8 tribes population
(total of 104,056 Mangyans) from National Statistics Office
: Household population by Ethnicity and Sex as of May 1,
2010 gives the following figures:

Oriental Mindoro
Occidental Mindoro
1.1.2.2.1
Iraya (26,789 population
2010 NSO
The Iraya occupy the northwestern part of Mindoro, where

one of the country's highest peaks, Mount Halcon, is
located. The word "Iraya" is derived from the prefix "i" denoting people, and "raya", a variation of "laya" which
means "upstream," "upriver" or "upland". Thus the
meaning of the word is "people from upstream" or
"uplanders". Historically, however, the Iraya occupied the
coastal region in some distant past, until they were
pushed further inland by settlers from other places. The
word also means "man", "person", and adult" (Servano,
2006)
1.1.2.2.2
Alangan (16,595 population 2010 NSO )
The Alangan occupy northwest central Mindoro. One
theory about this term is that it could mean "a group of
people whose culture is awkward", from the Tagalog word
alangan, which means among other things "uncertainty",
"doubt" or "precariousness". (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.3
Tadyawan (4,271 population 2010 NSO )
There is scant information available regarding the
Tadyawan, who live in sparse settlements in the northeast
part of the island.
1.1.2.2.4
Tau-buid (11,716 population 2010 NSO )
The Batangan or Taubuhid (also Tawbuhid), the most
numerous of the Mangyan groups, occupy the central

highlands of the island in the Occidental Mindoro. They

live in a region where mountains tower 1950 m high. The
word "batangan" derives from "batang", meaning "trunk
of a felled tree", and "an", meaning "place", and refers to
a place where felled tree trunks may be found, probably a
swidden field. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.5
Bangon (13,656 population 2010 NSO )
The Batangan are also known as Bangon or Taubuhid.
Other names used to refer to them are Bukid, Bu'id,
Buhid, and Buhil, despite the fact that there is a separate
identifiable group to the south, the Buhid. Local subgroups
include the Bayanan and Saragan. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.6
Buhid (913 population 2010 NSO )
The Buhid occupy the south central part of Mindoro. Their
territory just about equally straddles the eastern and
western provinces comprising the island. (Servano, 2006)
1.1.2.2.7
Hanunuo (29,188 population 2010 NSO )
The Hanunoo Mangyan live in a mountainous area about
800 sqkm in the southeastern part of the island, mainly in
Oriental Mindoro. Their territory is under the municipal
jurisdiction of Mansalay, Bulalacao, and a certain part of
San Jose, which is the capital of Occidental Mindoro.
1.1.2.2.8
Ratagnon (928 population 2010 NSO )
The Ratragon occupy the southernmost tip of the island
province, quite close to the coast facing the Sulu Sea.
They lie nearest the aquatic route going to Busuanga
Island in the northernmost Palawan and the Cuyo islands,
two places where the language spoken is Cayunon, which
is also used by the Ratagnon (Servano, 2006)
Among all tribes Hanunuo has the biggest
population and the most culturally preserved while
Iraya is the most civilized.
1.1.3 Healthcare
1.1.3.1
Hospitals and Infirmaries Statistics
1.1.3.1.1
Oriental Mindoro
Name of Facility
Address
No./Street Name
Barangay
Mun./City
License Date Validity

Name of Head
Classification
No. Issued Period ABC
of Facility
GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

4B10
1515I
1
Ospital ng
Mamayan ng
Puerto Galera
Naujan Municipal
Hospital
Santiago St.
Naujan
4B21
1510I
1
4B20
15100
H11
Jan
1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
17
2015
Archie S.
Yboa, MD
Infirmary
10
Lenelinda C.
Onanad, MD
Infirmary
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31, 100
2015
Marpheo
Marasigan,
MD
Level I
Anthony K.
Cruzado, MD
Infirmary
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
Oriental Mindoro
Provincial Hospital
Ilaya
Calapan City
Roxas District Hospital
Odiong
Roxas
4B14
1525I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015
Renato Umali Reyes

Hospital of Bongabong
Brgy.
Labasan
Bongabong
4B06
1522I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
22
Pinamalayan
4B01
1510I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
Guillermo A.
10 Gonzales, MD
Pinamalayan
Community Hospital
Strong Republic,
Nautical Highway
25
Levon Franco
V.R.F.
Baldoza, MD
Infirmary
Infirmary

184 BEDS
TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS

ORIENTAL MINDORO
AS OF MAY 1, 2010
2010
BED TO POPULATION
785,602
POPULATION
1:4270
RATIO
PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

Children's Medical
Clinic
Hospital of the Holy
Cross
Bonbon
V.R. Medrano Sr.,

cor. T.M. Kalaw Sts.
Ilaya
Calapan City
Calapan City
4B07
1510I
2
4B15
1530
H12
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
10
2015
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
30
Emmanuela K.
Lim, MD
Infirmary
Renato Jose
M. Priela, MD
Level I
Poblacion
IV
Victoria
4B19
1508I
2
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
Tawiran
Calapan City
04B
10014
50H22
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2014
Ma. Estrella General

Hospital
Tawiran
Calapan City
4B04
1575
H12
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
75
Senor Tesoro Hospital
Poblacion II
Victoria
4B32
1508I2
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
Pinamalayan
4B10
1530
H12
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
4B15
Pinamalayan 1510I2
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
10
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
Virgilio D.
Umali, MD
Infirmary
25
Vicente
Jeronimo L.
Santos, MD
Infirmary
Baldomero A.
Esteban, Jr.,
MD
Infirmary
Charis S.
Santiago, MD
Infirmary
Mina de Oro General

Hospital
MMG Hospital &
Health Service of
Oriental Mindoro
J.P. Rizal St.
Pinamalayan Doctors
Hospital
Francisco St.
Saint Paul General

Hospital
Quezon St.
Umali Medical Clinic
Gelacio Ocampo
St.
Sta. Maria Village Clinic
Block 4, Sta. Maria

Village
St. Lawrence Hospital
Grace Mission Hospital
Strong Republic,
Nautical Highway
De los Reyes Medical

Clinic
Aguinaldo St.
Poblacion I
Victoria
4B24
1505I
2
Level II
Melinda
Corazon N.
Goco, MD
Level I
Leo P.
Geronimo, MD
Infirmary
30
Eloisa N.
Mambil, MD
Level I
Paulette Tessa
G. Candelaria,
MD
Infirmary
4B42
1425
H12
Jan 2,
2014
Jan 2
Dec 31,
2014
Poblacion
III
Victoria
4B20
1504I2
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
Catinigan
Socorro
4B37
1515I
2
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
10
2014
Pinamalayan
4B23
1510I
2
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
10
Nuestro Espiritu
Medical / Surgical &
Diagnostic Clinic
Brgy. Ipil
Bongabong
4B18
1504I
2
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015
Luna Goco Medical

Center
Lalud
Calapan City
04B
01914
30H22
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2014
30
Atienza Polyclinic
Poblacion II
Victoria
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
Jan 1,
2015
AS OF MAY 1, 2010
Antonio M. de
los Reyes, MD
Infirmary
Adolfo P.
Espiritu
Infirmary
Mario Augusto
Lorman L.
Goco, MD
Level II
Rosinico F.
Fabon, MD
Infirmary
315 BEDS
TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS
ORIENTAL MINDORO
Infirmary
Claro M.
Reyes, MD
50
Calapan City
4B16
1506I2
Gregorio S.
Valdez, Sr.,
MD
POPULATION
785,602

2010
BED TO POPULATION
1:2493
RATIO
TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT
499 BEDS
TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO
1: 1575
1.1.3.1.2
Occidental Mindoro
Address
Name of Facility
No./Street Name
Barangay
Mun./City
License Date Validity

Name of Head
Classification
No. Issued Period ABC
of Facility
GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

Poblacion
Abra de Ilog
4B41
1510I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015
10
Carlos R.
Dipasupil, MD
Lubang District
Hospital
Brgy.
Tangal
Lubang
4B09
1525I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
25
Venmar S.
Sayapal, MD
Occidental Mindoro
Provincial Hospital
Brgy.
Tayamaan
Mamburao
Paluan Community
Hospital
Brgy.
Alipaoy
Paluan
4B11
1510I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015
San Jose
4B08
1550I
1
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015
Abra de ilog Municipal

Hospital
Venturanza St.
San Jose District

Hospital
National Highway
San Sebastian District

Hospital
Sitio Macambang
Sta. Cruz Community

Hospital
Buenavista
Sablayan
Poblacion II
Sta. Cruz
4B03
15100
H11
4B01
1525
H11
4B02
1510I
1
BED TO POPULATION
AS OF MAY 1, 2010
2010
Infirmary
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Ner T.
Dec
31, 100
2015
Agoncillo, MD
2015
Level I
Rosario M.
Barrales, MD
Infirmary
50
Noelito S.
Fernandez,
MD
Level I
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
25
Paulino D.
Legaspi, Jr.,
MD
Level I
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
10
Leonida M.
Pallayaban,
MD
Infirmary
Jan
1,
2015
10
230 BEDS
TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
Infirmary
452,957
POPULATION
1:1969
RATIO
PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

St. Magdalene Hospital 0218 Bonifacio St.
Zapanta Maternity &

General Hospital
Liboro St.
Westmin United
Doctors Hospital Co.
Gomez St.
St. Martin's Mission

Hospital
San Roque
Brgy. Pag
asa
Poblacion
San Jose
4B42
1507I
2
Jan 1
Jan 1,
2015 Dec 31,
2015
Lope C. Asilo,
MD
Infirmary
San Jose
4B30
1515I
2
Jan 1
Jan 1,
Dec
31,
2015
2015
15
Senen M.
Zapanta, Jr.,
MD
Infirmary
San Jose
4B59
1410I
2
Feb
18,
2014
Feb 18
Dec 31,
2014
10
Eleanor S.
Costibolo, MD
Infirmary
Jan 1,
2015
Jan 1
Dec 31,
2015
15
Sr. Josephine
Rose F.
Blanco, OP,
MD
Infirmary
Sablayan
4B03
1515I2
47 BEDS
TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
BED TO POPULATION
AS OF MAY 1, 2010
2010
452,957
POPULATION
1:9637
RATIO
TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT
277 BEDS
TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO
1: 1635
MINDORO PROVINCE
TOTAL BED COUNT
803 BEDS
TOTAL POPULATION (2010
1,238,559
1: 1543
TOTAL BED TO POPULATION
1.2
(2010)
RATIO
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Oriental Mindoro Health Investment Plan (OMHIP) admits that
public health facilities which cater to the poor are mostly ill-equipped,
with inadequate supply of drugs and medical supplies. Private hospitals
that provide better health care are beyond the reach of the poor. It
also acknowledges the limited access of Mangyans to health services.
In addition, this development is aiming to give solution to the following
problems that currently exists on our health care for lung and
respiratory health:
In this province, respiratory diseases still rank as the

leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The most
common causes of morbidity are upper respiratory tract
infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea and pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB). In Occidental Mindoro, acute respiratory
infection has also been the leading cause of morbidity,
followed by diarrhea and gastroenteritis. There is no
hospital development that specialized in prevention and
cure of lung and respiratory diseases to efectively reduce
the case of such diseases.
As shown in the 1.1.3.1 Table of Hospitals and Infirmaries
Statistics, existing and new facilities ofers limited type of
service and care for the prevention, cure and treatment of
lung and respiratory diseases. Most of the public hospitals
are at Infirmary level and four (4) out of 13 in the whole
province is at Level 1 Hospital which is a very small
hospital, an emergency type one that ofers ONLY:
o
o
o
o
initial treatment for cases that require immediate

treatment and that provides primary care for
prevalent diseases in the area
general medicine, pediatrics, minor surgeries, and
non-surgical gynecology
primary clinical laboratory, pharmacy and first level
radiology
nursing care for patients needing minimal
supervised care

Patients have no choice but transfer to private hospitals

because of the limited services and equipment.
Source: Center for Health Development- Region IVB Statistics as of
2010
(Highlighted are disease/ ailments connected to Respiratory System)
Oriental Mindoro Provincial Profile

Leading Causes of Morbidity
Causes
Acute Respiratory Infection Rate/100,000
3417.67
Bronchitis
451.87
Urinary Tract Infection
372.82
Wounds all forms
337.63
Pneumonia
322.51
Hypertension
285.66
TB, all forms
280.85
Diarrhea
265.59
Rhinistis
230.40
Tonsilo Pharyngitis
190.67
No.
24,861
3,287
2,712
2,456
2,346
2,078
2,043
1,932
1,676
1,387
Leading Causes of Mortality

Causes
Diseases of the Heart
Cancer
Pneumonia
COPD
Hypertension
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Diabetes Mellitus
Multiple Organ Failure
Accident
Degenerative Diseases
Rate/100,000
79.05
34.23
30.79
30.79
19.38
12.51
12.37
11.00
10.72
9.35
No.
575
249
224
169
141
91
90
80
78
68
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality

Causes
No. Partum Heorrhage
Rate
Post
5 Preeclampsia
67.13
2 Uterine Atony
26.86
2
26.86
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality
Causes
No.Prematurity
Rate
15
1.74
Congenital Malformation
8 Pneumonia
0.93
7 Septicemia
0.81
6Undetermined
0.70
5 Asphyxia
0.58
5
0.58
Tetanus
Neonatorum
5 Membrane
0.58
Hyaline
Disease
3
0.35
Diseases of the
Heart
3
0.35
Respiratory
Distress
Syndrome
2
0.23
Occidental Mindoro Provincial Profile

Leading Causes of Mordibity
Causes
Rate/100,000
Acute Respiratory Infection
3417.67
Bronchitis
451.87
Urinary Tract Infection
372.82
Wounds all forms
337.63
Pneumonia
322.51
Hypertension
285.66
TB, all forms
280.85
No.
24,861
3,287
2,712
2,456
2,346
2,078
2,043

Diarrhea
265.59
Rhinistis
230.40
Tonsilo Pharyngitis
190.67
1,932
1,676
1,387
Leading Causes of Mortality
Causes
Rate/100,000
Diseases of the Heart
79.05
Cancer
34.23
Pneumonia
30.79
COPD
30.79
Hypertension
19.38
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
12.51
Diabetes Mellitus
12.37
Multiple Organ Failure
11.00
Accident
10.72
Degenerative Diseases
9.35
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality
No.
575
249
224
169
141
91
90
80
78
68
Causes
No.
Rate
Post Partum Heorrhage
5
67.13
Preeclampsia
2
Uterine
Atony 26.86
2
26.86
Leading Causes of Infant Mortality
Causes
No.
Prematurity Rate
15
1.74
Congenital
Malformation
8
0.93
Pneumonia
7
Septicemia 0.81
6
0.70
Undetermined
5
0.58
Asphyxia
5
0.58
Tetanus Neonatorum
5
0.58
Hyaline Membrane
Disease
3
Diseases
of0.35
the Heart
3
0.35
Respiratory
Distress Syndrome
2
0.23
Currently, the Bed to Population Ratio for Public and

Private Hospitals in Oriental and Occidental Mindoro is
1:1,596 and 1:1,635, respectively which is insufficient
compared to a standard of 1:1000.
MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY
TOTAL HOSPITALS
TOTAL BEDS
MINDORO PROVINCE TOTAL
35
769
POPULATION 2010
BED TO POPULATION
RATIO
1,238,559
1: 1631
POPULATION 2010
BED TO POPULATION
RATIO
785,602
1:4438
785,602
1:2493
785,602
1: 1596
POPULATION 2010
BED TO POPULATION
RATIO
452,957
1:1969
452,957
1:9637
452,957
1: 1635
ORIENTAL MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY
TOTAL HOSPITALS
TOTAL BEDS
GOVERNMENT
177
PRIVATE
16
315 BEDS
TOTAL
24
492 BEDS
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
HOSPITAL FACILITY
TOTAL HOSPITALS
TOTAL BEDS
GOVERNMENT
230 BEDS
PRIVATE
47 BEDS
TOTAL
11
277 BEDS

Aside from poor medical access of Mangyans, some of the tribes

especially the primitive ones, refuse going to hospitals or health
facilities because it opposes their cultural beliefs.
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Challenges in providing health care for everyone is the focus of the
research. Some factors are given below that made the study
significant:
1.3.1 Significance of the study to the patients
There are two Primary Users in this study the Tagalogs and
Mangyans. This study will show how healthcare should be
universal and equal (age, gender, class and special conditions
including PWDs).
1.3.2 Significance of the study to the healthcare providers
The study will provide healthcare providers a better
understanding on Mangyans health beliefs and be able to make
solutions or necessary adaptations on cultural diferences
1.3.3 Significance of the study to the field of Healthcare
Architecture
The study will also have significance in the field of architecture
since the development is one of the new concepts in a building
development. Architecture will be the medium on how social
factors afect the design of buildings.
1.4
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

1.4.1 GOAL
To plan and design Mina de Oro Provincial Hospital and Center
for Respiratory Health with low waste water facility feature
1.4.2 OBJECTIVES
1.4.2.1
To design a Tertiary Level
General hospital with specialized services for cure and
prevention of lung and respiratory diseases that will also
cater other provinces in MIMAROPA
1.4.2.2
Design a New Hospital by
applying the principles of therapeutic and healing design
approach for better comfort and convenience of the users
and for faster recovery of the patients in the
1.4.2.3
To make health care services
more accessible for Mangyan and Poor Communities, a
culture-sensitive facility, by allocating special Mangyan
wards and provision of free medical services to Mangyan
patients and training of Mangyan volunteer health
workers.
1.5
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1.5.1 SCOPE
The study will discuss the significance of a Provincial Hospital and
Center for Respiratory Health: its organizational structure: the people
and spaces which involves such development. It will also identify the
best location for the development and its specific architectural design
planning and development schemes
This study will give the reader a broad knowledge of what a culturesensitive hospital is like, especially in the province of Mindoro and how
it will help the poor health status in the province and in its region.
1.5.2 DELIMITATIONS

This study is delimited to architectural concept, design and ideas as

well as its planning and organization of spaces and brief structural
schemes. Environmental systems may difer depending on site
location; studies of other potential sites can be done. Set of users
showed in this book is based on the standards and may be changed
depending on the location and functions/level of hospital. The study for
Mangyan Health services will be delimited for civilized Tribes to achieve
the feasibility of the project because of cultural diferences. However,
this book can serve as a reference on similar health facilities that also
aims for the ware fell of other Indigenous people or tribes.
1.6
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY1

For the past years, the poor and the disadvantaged groups in the
region have encountered many kinds of barriers when trying to gain
access to health care and medical services, basic education, water and
sanitation, nutrition services and shelter. The inequities in access to
health facilities and services resulted to poor health condition across
rural and urban population and communities. With the increasing
regional population, the provision of health and nutrition services must
be expanded and intensified considering the anticipated level demand
for these services. The challenge to meet these demands to improve
the well-being of the people will require an orchestrated actions from
the national and local governments, private groups, non-government
organizations and the people/communities themselves. (MIMAROPA
Regional Development Plan 2011-2016, 2015)
Social Sector: Health Services
Goal
1. A socially developed city with healthy, highly skilled and globally
competitive individuals and well-protected citizenry with access to
basic social services in a well-balanced environment.
Objectives
1. To attain quality standard of health and promote a peaceful, lively
and productive life.
2. To accomplish the majority set of regional targets in terms of the
Millennium Development Goals.
3. To achieve full access to socially responsive and quality health
services to all the people of MIMAROPA region.
4. To greatly improve the health status of all the regional populace and
contribute to the poverty alleviation and socio-economic development
of the region.
Strategies
Promote the upgrading, expansion and modernization of

community health facilities and manpower resource;
Initiate a public-private partnership in the construction of
health infrastructures and in investment in development
of natural /herbal drugs where local governments
resources is limited or inadequate.
Increase the coverage, access and utilization of health
care services through implementation of sector wide
1 See Certificate of Need (CON) at Appendix Section

approach and providing equitable pro-poor, clientoriented and best quality services.
Accelerate the financing, construction and delivery of
specialized/advanced secondary and tertiary health
facilities in major towns and cities to increase and expand
peoples access to modern and quality health services.
Intensify health promotion and education and disease
prevention in the school through provision of standard
toilet and safe water facilities, package of basic school
health services and inculcating healthy habits and
practices and sex education in school children.
Intensify the service delivery and management of
projects/programs and prevention and control of
communicable diseases (STI/HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria, etc.) through community mobilization and
participation in the control of the infectious diseases.
In the Province of
Existing Oriental Mindoro Provincial Hospital
Oriental
Mindoro,
Proposed Mina De Oro Provincial Hospital
there is an existing
Provincial Hospital
which is level 1
with
100
beds
which is located in
the City of Calapan.
The poorest of the
population are the
main
users
of
government health
facilities, yet these
health facilities are
too remote to them
especially from the
Municipality
of
Bulalacao and Manansalay which is at the farthest end of the Province,
approximately 6 hours away through the usual means of
transportation, which at worst case because of still insufficient service
and equipment will be further referred to Region IV-As Regional
Hospital which is 1-2 hours away via boat plus 30 minutes on land
transportation.
The proposed New Provincial Hospital in Pinamalayan, which is
centrally located provincially and Regionally is an attempt to give
solution to the previously stated problems in persisting causes of
mortatlity and morbidity; very insufficient number of hospital beds
compare to the provinces vastly increasing population; and cultural
problems especially of the Mangyans
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND CONCEPTS

1.7.1 General Textual Definitions
1.7.1.1
Contextual Definitions

Mina de Oro - Mindoro provinces name was coined from the Spanish
phrase Mina de Oro, which literally means mine of gold. Mindoros
rich soil is awash with mineral deposits, including gold, as well as other
natural wonders that can be considered a gold mine for tourism.
Hospital - refers to a place devoted primarily to the maintenance and
operation of facilities for the diagnosis, treatment and care of
individuals sufering from illness, disease, injury or deformity, or in
need of obstetrical or other medical and nursing care.
Primary hospital - refers to a hospital with capabilities and
facilities for providing first contact emergency care and
hospitalization in simple cases.
Secondary hospital - refers to a hospital which has capabilities
and facilities for providing medical care to cases requiring
hospitalization and the expertise of physicians with training of
not less than six (6) months on certain specialties.
Tertiary Level I hospital - refers to a hospital which has
capabilities for providing medical care to cases requiring
sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic equipment and the
expertise of trained specialists and subspecialists.
Tertiary Level II hospital - refers to a departmentalized
hospital with teaching and research capabilities and which have
accredited Residency Training Programs in the fields of surgery,
pediatrics, medicine, OB-Gyne, EENT, orthopeClics, anesthesia
and other ancillary disciplines. It likewise ofers dental services.
Tertiary Level III hospital - refers to a hospital which has been
particularly selected to provide tertiary hospital services, with
teaching, training and research functions.
Tertiary Level IV hospital - refers to a tertiary hospital with
expensive and sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic facilities
for a specific medical problem area.
District hospital - refers to the front-line hospital, which has its
own catchment area, and with capabilities and facilities for
providing secondary medical care to cases requiring
hospitalization and the expertise of trained doctors.
Provincial hospital - refers to a central district hospital with its
own catchment area which provides at least a minimum of
Tertiary Level I hospital care.
Regional hospital - refers to a departmentalized hospital
which provides Tertiary Level II hospital care.
Medical center - refers to a hospital which provides Tertiary
Level III hospital care.
Specialty hospital - refers to a hospital which provides
services for one particular illness or disease or health medical
care need, with the highest medical care rendered by medical
experts using highly specialized equipment for a specific
medical problem are. It provides Tertiary Level IV hospital care.
General a hospital that provides services for all kinds of
illnesses, diseases, injuries or deformities. A general hospital
shall provide medical and surgical care to the sick and injured,
as well as maternity, newborn and child care. It shall be
equipped with the service capabilities needed to support board
certified/eligible medical specialists and other licensed
physicians rendering services in, but not limited to, the
following:
i. Clinical Services
1) Family Medicine

2) Pediatrics
3) Internal Medicine
4) Obstetrics and Gynecology
5) Surgery
ii. Emergency Services
iii. Outpatient Services
iv. Ancillary and Support Services, such as clinical
laboratory, imaging facility and pharmacy.
Ontology - ways of constructing reality, how things really are and
how things really work
Epistemology diferent forms of knowledge of that reality, what
nature of relationship exists between the inquirer and the inquired?
How do we know?
Methodology What tools do we use to know that reality?
Ethnicity a primary sense of belonging to an ethnic group. Ethnic
group is consanguine in nature, meaning, the ties are reckoned by
blood and traced through the family tree. Thus, ethnicity refers to the
household member's identity, by blood and not by choice nor by
adoption/confirmation for any ethnic group, primarily the Indigenous
Peoples (IPs).
Population Projection computation of future changes in population
numbers, given certain assumptions about future trends in the rates of
fertility, mortality and migration. Demographers often publish high,
medium, and low projections of the same population based on diferent
assumptions of how these rates will change in the future
Building Height Limit (BHL) - the maximum height allowed for
structures or buildings expressed as number of floors or storeys.
Comprehensive Land Use Plan refers to a plan which includes a land
use map, factors indicting the socially desired mix of land uses and a
set of policies to guide future development.
Floor/Area Ratio (FAR) - is the ratio between the Gross Floor Area of a
building and the area of the lot on which it stands. Determined by
dividing the Gross Floor Area of the building and the area of the lot.
The Gross Floor Area of any building should not exceed the prescribed
floor area ratio (FAR) multiplied by the lot area.
Institutional Uses uses that pertain to the provision of government,
social, religious, educational, cultural, police / military and other
services such as, but not limited to, government offices, schools,
hospitals / clinics, academic/research, convention centers and police
stations.
Land Use Intensity Controls (LUIC) - refer to controls on open spaces
(PLO), building bulk (FAR), building height (BHL) and impervious
surfaces (AISAR). The LUIC is imposed to control, among others, traffic
generation, requirements on utilities, over-building, over-crowding,
visual access and to attain the desired zone character. The LUIC is
applied as follows:
a. Maximum Allowable Building Area per Floor in Square Meters
= Lot Area x Allowable PLO
b. Maximum Allowable Gross Floor Area in Square Meters = Lot
Area x Allowable FAR

c. In determining the maximum number of floors per building,

BHL regulations shall apply.
1.7.1.2
Operational Definitions
Respiratory Health - state of complete physical, mental and social

well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in the
organs that are involved in breathing, including the nose, throat,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also known as the respiratory tree.
Lung Diseases - refers to many disorders afecting the lungs, such as
asthma, COPD, infections like influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis,
lung cancer, and many other breathing problems. Some lung diseases
can lead to respiratory failure.
Center for Respiratory Health - a building or establishment housing
local medical services or the practice of a group of doctors that focuses
or specializes in aiding and preventing respiratory diseases.
Therapeutic Architecture - can be described as the peoplecentered, evidence-based discipline of the built environment, which
aims to identify and support ways of incorporating those spatial
elements that interact with people physiologically and psychologically
into design.
Healing Design/ Environments - for healthcare buildings describes
a physical setting and organizational culture that supports patients and
families through the stresses imposed by illness, hospitalization,
medical visits, the process of healing, and sometimes, bereavement.
The concept implies that the physical healthcare environment can
make a diference in how quickly the patient recovers from or adapts to
specific acute and chronic conditions. (Stichler, 2001)
Patient-centered care - Providing care that is respectful of and
responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and
ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. (IOM, 2001)
Mindoreneos - refers to collective inhabitants of Mindoro Provinces
Tagalog this term is not associated with ethnicity but refers to
Mindoreneos aside from the Mangyans, these people are lowlanders
who consist of diferent Ethnicity such as Bisaya, Ilocano and of other
local and foreign ethnic groups.
Urban Corridor (UCD) refers to the strip of land on both sides of the
National Road from the Socorro to the Gloria boundaries. It also
includes the strip of land along the Airport Road from Barangay Sto.
Nio to the boundary with Gloria. The depth of the UCD shall be 250
meters on both sides of the said roads, reckoned from the road rightsof-way. It covers portions of the following barangays: Bangbang,
Cacawan, Del Razon, Malaya, Maliancog, Nabuslot, Pagalagala,
Palayan, Pambisan Malaki, Pambisan Munti, Panggulayan, Papandayan,
Quinabigan, Sta Isabel, Sta. Maria, Sta. Rita and Sto. Nio.
1.7.1.3
Abbreviations
MIMAROPA - MIndoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro and

Oriental Mindoro), MArinduque, ROmblon and Palawan
CHD Center for Health Developent, the regional health office
of DOH
DOH Department of Health

BHFS Bureau of Health Facilities and Services, the bureau of

DOH charged with the implementation of these rules and
regulations
CON
1.7.2 Definition of Design Elements

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MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Figure 1: Political Map of Oriental Mindoro

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Mindoro is subdivided into 11 municipalities.

1.1.2 Population/Mindoreneos Statistics

Table 1: Oriental Mindoro Population

Bulalacao (San Pedro)

City of Calapan (Capital)

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Table 2: Occidental Mindoro Population

According to Mangyan Heritage Center in Calapan, Mindoro,

Figure 3: Ethnographic Map of Mindoro (Mangyan Tribes)

Mangyan is the collective name for the eight indigenous groups

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Iraya (26,789 population

The Iraya occupy the northwestern part of Mindoro, where

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

highlands of the island in the Occidental Mindoro. They

License Date Validity

GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

Roxas District Hospital

Renato Umali Reyes

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS

PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

V.R. Medrano Sr.,

Ma. Estrella General

Senor Tesoro Hospital

Mina de Oro General

J.P. Rizal St.

Saint Paul General

Umali Medical Clinic

Sta. Maria Village Clinic

Block 4, Sta. Maria

St. Lawrence Hospital

Grace Mission Hospital

De los Reyes Medical

Luna Goco Medical

TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO

License Date Validity

GOVERNMENT/ PUBLIC as of February 23, 2015

Abra de ilog Municipal

San Jose District

San Sebastian District

Sta. Cruz Community

TOTAL GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC BEDS

PRIVATE as of February 23, 2015

Zapanta Maternity &

St. Martin's Mission

TOTAL PRIVATE BEDS

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED COUNT

TOTAL PROVINCIAL BED TO POPULATION (2010) RATIO

TOTAL POPULATION (2010

TOTAL BED TO POPULATION

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In this province, respiratory diseases still rank as the

initial treatment for cases that require immediate

MINA DE ORO PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL AND CENTER FOR RESPIRATORY HEALTH