Chapter19review

Theelectricpotential(V)atagivenpointistheelectricpotentialenergyofasmalltest
chargeq0situatedatthatpointdividedbythechargeitself V=EPE/q0
Thiscanrelatetheworkdonebytheelectricforcewhenachargeq0movesfrompointA
topointB.VBVA=WAB/q0.
Apositivechargeacceleratesfromaregionofhigherelectricfieldpotentialtowarda
regionoflowerfieldpotential.
Oneelectronvoltisthemagnitudeoftheamountbywhichthepotentialenergyofan
electronchangeswhentheelectronmovesthroughapotentialdifferenceofonevolt.
1eV=1.6x1019J.
VBVA=WAB/q0=kq/rBkq/rA.Whenchargeisbroughtfromaninfiniteseparationthe
equationsimplifiestoV=kq/r
Whentwoormorechargesarepresent,thepotentialduetoallchargesisobtainedby
addingtogethertheindividualpotentials.
Anequipotentialsurfaceisasurfaceonwhichtheelectricpotentialisthesame
everywhere.
Thenetelectricforcedoesnoworkasachargemovesonanequipotentialsurface.This
isbecausedeltaV=0.
Theelectricfieldcreatedbyanychargeiseverywhereperpendiculartotheassociated
equipotentialsurfacesandpointsinthedirectionofdecreasingpotential.
E=(deltaV)/(deltaS)forparallelplatecapacitors.Thisholdsbecausetheelectricfield
isuniforminparallelplatecapacitors.
Acapacitorconsistsoftwoconductorsofanyshapeplacednearwithouttouching.
Themagnitudeofthechargeoneachplateofacapacitorisdirectlyproportionaltothe
magnitudeVofthepotentialdifferenceq=CV.
Capacitanceistheabilityoftheplatestostorecharge.
Whenplacingadielectricbetweenplatesthereisareductionoftheelectricfield.
K=E0/E.Kdependsonthenatureofthedielectric.
C=(kepsilon0A)/d
Whenthecapacitorstoreschargeitalsostoresenergy.E=1/2C(V2)
EnergydensityistheenergystoredbetweentheplatesEnergydensity=1/2k(epsilon0)E2
Whenacapacitorisconnectedtoabatteryandadielectricisaddedthechargechanges
andtheVoltageremainsconstant.
WhenacapacitorisdisconnectedfromabatterytheVoltagechangesandthecharge
remainsconstant.

The plates of a parallel plate capacitor each have an area of 0.40 m2

and are separated by a distance of 0.02 m. They are charged until the
potential difference between the plates is 3000 V. The charged
capacitor is then isolated.
3. Suppose that a dielectric sheet is inserted to completely fill the
space between the plates and the potential difference between the
plates drops to 1000 V. What is the capacitance of the system after the
dielectric is inserted?
A) 6.2 10 F
B) 6.8 10 F
C) 2.7 10 F
D) 5.4 10 F
E) 1.8 10 F

7.Twoparallelhorizontalplatesarespaced0.40cmapartinair.Youintroduceanoil
dropletofmass4.91017kgbetweentheplates.Ifthedropletcarriestwoelectronic
chargesandiftherewerenoairbuoyancy,youcouldholdthedropletmotionless
betweentheplatesifyoukeptthepotentialdifferencebetweenthemat
A)3.0V
B)0.12kV
C)6.0V
D)60V
E)12V

16.A5.5108Cchargeisfixedattheorigin.A2.3108Cchargeismovedfromx=
3.5cmonthexaxistoy=3.5cmontheyaxis.Thechangeinpotentialenergyofthe
twochargesystemis:
A)3.2104J
B)3.2104J
C)9.3103J
D)9.3103J
E)0